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Transcript of Sustainable Management Resources Inc Join SMRI as we work on: “Creating a Sustainable New...
Sustainable Management Resources Inc
Join SMRI as we work on:
“Creating a Sustainable
New Economy”
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Basics of Cooling Tower Basics of Cooling Tower Water TreatmentWater Treatment
• Cooling towers reduce water temperature through evaporation, a high-energy phase change
• Only water leaves the system as a vapor, mineral content remains
• Minerals dissolve until the saturation point is reached, then scale begins to form
• When the mineral content is twice the level of the makeup water supply- 2 cycles of concentration have been reached
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Basics of Cooling Tower Basics of Cooling Tower Water TreatmentWater Treatment
• Conductivity is the measure of dissolved solids
• pH is the measure of the relative acidity or basicity of the water
• These 2 parameters are convenient methods to monitor and control scale formation and corrosion
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Causes of lost efficiencyCauses of lost efficiency
• Calcium carbonate is the most common type of scale
• Calcium Carbonate Scale- 1/10” causes loss of efficiency of up to 40%
• Corrosion- Causes loss of heat transfer and leaks
• Biological growth- causes loss of heat transfer and can cause disease
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Control through Water Control through Water TreatmentTreatment
• Scale inhibitors- increase solubility
• Acid reacts with carbonates and releases CO2, increases saturation point
• Softeners remove Ca and Mg (scaling cations)
• Corrosion inhibitors- coat or react specifically with certain metals
• Biocides- slug dosed or continuously fed for bacterial control
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Monitoring and ControlMonitoring and Control
• Conductivity, pH, ORP and corrosion
• Chemicals levels and feed verification
• Temperatures- inlet and outlet of tower, inlet and outlet of chiller , chilled water, etc
• Flows- through tower, chiller, etc
• Pressures- chillers
• Makeup and bleed-off water meters-ROI
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Water Evaporation CreditsWater Evaporation Credits
• Evaporation = (Tonnage) x (0.03) x (% load)
• Example- 1000 tons x .03 x .70 = 21 gpm
• Based on a 12 hour day- evaporation = 15,120 gallons
• On a yearly basis (260 days) that is 3,931,200 gallons of evaporated water
• 3,931,000 gallons x $2.75 per 1000 gals of water* = $10,810.00 per year savings
*Low estimate for most areas and increasing yearly
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Bleed-off ReductionBleed-off Reduction • Bleedoff = Evaporation
Cycles of concentration-1 3,931,000 gallons = 2,620,666 gallons bleedoff annually2.5 (cycles of conc)-1
• Using acid or side stream softening: • 3,931,000 gallons = 1,123,142 gallons bleedoff
4.5(cycles of conc)-1 • 1,497,524 gallons of water saved from the sewer= $4,118• At a cost of $4.00 per 1000 gallons of treatment= $5,990• Total saved from acid use or softening= $10,108 annually
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
Typical Cooling Tower InstallationTypical Cooling Tower Installation
DI In
DI
In
Corrosion 4-20mA In
Cooling Tower schematic
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]
www.SustainableMRI.comwww.SustainableMRI.com
Thank Thank youyou
SMRI, San Diego CA, ~ 858.229.0149 ~ Steve Kaplan ~ [email protected]