Sustainable landfill in future waste management systems · 2019. 1. 25. · Sustainable landfill...
Transcript of Sustainable landfill in future waste management systems · 2019. 1. 25. · Sustainable landfill...
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Sustainable landfill in future waste
management systemsmanagement systems
Harm Ritsemamanager NV Afvalzorg Holding
Malaga, 31 October 2013
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Contents
� Afvalzorg in short
� Transition to sanitary landfillPrevention
Reuse
� Next step: sustainable landfill
� Afvalzorg pilot projects
� Conclusions
Recycling
Energy Recovery
Incineration
Landfill
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Afvalzorg in short
� Employees 100
� Market-share NL 40%
Shareholders Local governments� Shareholders Local governments
� Operational sites 346 ha.
� Closed sites 93 ha. / 106 ha redeveloped
� Focus Sustainable landfilling
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Evolutionary improvements in disposal
Sanitary landfill
Sustainable landfill
Open dumping
Controlled landfill
Engineered landfill
Higherenvironmental
standards
Lowerenvironmental
standards
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Transition to sanitary landfill- improve landfill operation -
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Transition to sanitary landfill- reduce landfill gas and leachate emissions -
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Transition to sanitary landfill- reduce risks -
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Transition to sanitary landfill- manage on site scavenging / recycling -
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Sanitary landfill
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Transition to sanitary landfillsDevelopments in successful NW European countries:1. Before 1970: every municipality operated a landfill; focus on public hygiene;
prevention of nuisance (dust, odour, windblown litter, ..)
2. 1970 -1990: first landfill guidelines; later replaced by environmental protection
laws; municipal landfills closed and replaced by municipal cooperation. laws; municipal landfills closed and replaced by municipal cooperation.
Number of operational landfills reduced to 15% of previous
3. 1990-2000: separate collection of biodegradable waste; composting and
incineration plants built, 5% operational landfills left; aftercare obligation,
landfill bans and landfill taxes introduced;
4. 2000-present: 2% operational landfills left; waste amounts to landfill reduced
considerably; landfill becomes ‘safety net’ for waste management
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How to keep control over waste?
� Authorities keep control over start (collection) and end
(landfill) of the waste management chain – contracts /
legislation.legislation.
� Gradual introduction of landfill bans
� Gradual introduction of landfill taxes
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Sanitary landfills� Geological barrier, bottom liner and drainage system
� During operation:
� Adopt a waste disposal plan
� limit the surface of the tip face (cell by cell),
� apply daily (or regular) cover,
� install and start landfill gas recovery as soon as possible
� start optimisation of waste management (recycling, re-use, etc)
� After operation: install a permanent surface sealing and carry
out monitoring and maintenance (aftercare)
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Open ends at sanitary landfills
� Isolation of waste means endless aftercare (and costs)
� Potential risks remain for a very long period of time
� In general no guidance available to assess landfill related risks
� The burden is transferred to future generations
solution:
Sustainable landfilling
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Sustainable landfill
There is no internationally accepted definition but definitions used
are very similar:
“A landfill of which, within a limited period of time (preferably one
generation), the undisturbed contents do no longer pose a threat
to human health or the environment”
No threat implies that aftercare can be ended and the landfill is
‘handed back tot nature’
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Organic wastelandfill
Hazardous wastelandfill
Acceptance
(Cement)stabilisation
Sustainable landfill
‘back to nature’
Stabilisedlandfill
Inorganicwastelandfill
Anaerobic treatmentAerobic treatment
Solubility controlFlushing
ClosureAftercareEnd of aftercare
(Cement)stabilisationImmobilisation
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Bioreactor (organic waste landfill)
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Bioreactor (organic waste landfill)
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Air injection/extraction (organic waste landfill)
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Over-extraction landfill gas system (organic waste landfill)
red = anaerobic blue = aerobic
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Monolith (hazardous waste)
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Monolith (hazardous waste)
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Goal of sustainable landfill
Waste characteristics
Acceptance at landfill
Waste characteristics
Acceptance
Emissionto environment
Conditionsin landfill
Point Of Compliance
Emissionto soil
Conditionsin landfill
Point ofcompliance
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Feasibility of sustainable landfill (1)
� Organic waste: various projects world-wide have shown that
methanisation, (de-)nitrification, aeration are technically
feasible; leachate and hydrology require further attention
� Hazardous waste: (cement-)stabilisation is successfully
practised in various countries; long-term stability is under
investigation
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Feasibility of sustainable landfill (2)
� Inorganic waste: clever mixtures of inorganic wastes achieve
leaching conditions comparable with inert waste; prediction of
long-term leaching behaviour is under development
� Overall: some questions remain, low emission alternatives are
possible for many types of waste; costs are higher than
traditional landfill, but do not exceed costs of alternative options
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Required developments
� The goal in terms of acceptable remaining emissions needs to
be defined
� Execute pilot projects
� Change regulations; current landfill regulations do not contain
incentives to apply active stabilisation of waste
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Pilot projects Afvalzorg
1. Equifill landfill Nauerna
2. Over-extraction of landfill gas landfill Braambergen2. Over-extraction of landfill gas landfill Braambergen
3. Air injection / extraction landfill Wieringermeer
4. Capillary barrier and methane oxidation landfill Wieringermeer
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Landfill site Nauerna, Assendelft, 80 ha
1985-date
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Equifill (primarily inorganic landfill)
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Landfill Braambergen, Almere 46 ha.
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Over-extraction landfill gas system
red = anaerobic blue = aerobic
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1975-1993
Landfill Braambergen , Redevelopment into ‘recreational energy park’
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Landfill ‘Wieringermeer’, 40 ha
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Capillary barrier and methane oxidation
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Capillary barrier and methane oxidation
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Landfill ‘Wieringermeer’
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Air injection/extraction
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Concluding remarks
� Pilots are needed to prove the sustainable landfill concept
� For many types of waste sustainable landfill is economically
and technically feasible
� Sustainable landfill requires more focus on waste composition,
acceptance, process optimisation and regulatory incentives
� Landfill will continue to play a valuable role in waste management
� A sustainable society consequently needs sustainable landfills
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Thank you very much for your attention…