SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR A WARMING PLANET
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Transcript of SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR A WARMING PLANET
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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR A WARMING PLANET
Jack Parker, Professor Emeritus Environmental Science, Chemistry Florida International University
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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Ocean Degradation/Pollution
Tropical Deforestation, Endangered Species
Water and Food Resources
Population Growth
ENERGY AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
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TROPICAL DEFORESTATION(ABOUT 15% OF GHG EMISSIONS)
Beef Cattle Grazing Logging/Paper Soybean production (food/animal feed)
AMAZON: droughts/wildfires in 2005/6: more CO2 than 10yrs
of sequestering
SAVE THE RAINFOREST!
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THE HOCKEY STICK GRAPHNATURAL VARIABILITY??
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DENIALISTS: No Warming Last Decade DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGNRoyal Society of London: criticized Exxon's funding of "organizations misinforming the public about the science of climate change"
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UP 1.6OF IN LAST 50 YRS
• LAST 12 MONTHS: WARMEST EVER RECORDED• 4 OF THE 5 WARMEST YEARS IN LAST DECADE
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Up 4oC or 7oF more by 2100------>
THE CLIMATE CRISIS
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MAJOR FEEDBACKSCurrent (In Models)
Melting Glaciers/Sea Ice +
More water vapor +
Future (NOT in Models) Methane from
Permafrost & Seabeds +
More clouds + or –
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Climate Change Science U.S. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES:A strong, credible body of scientific evidence shows
that climate change is occurring, is CAUSED LARGELY BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES, and POSES SIGNIFICANT RISKS FOR A BROAD RANGE
OF HUMAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS
97% OF RESEARCH CLIMATE SCIENTISTS SURVEYED SAID HUMANS ARE CAUSING
GLOBAL WARMING
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OBSERVATIONSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
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SURPRISES:RECENT INCREASE IN EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
AUSTRALIA
500 YEAR FLOODFLOODING IN PAKISTAN
(2010 AND 2011)
EXPECT MORE PRECIPITATION IN SHORT PERIODS
THAILAND 2011
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS:WORSE THAN WE THOUGHT!
ANTARCTICA WARMING
ARCTIC SEA ICE NEW ALLTIME LOW 2012
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE ARCTIC DOESN’T STAY IN THE ARCTIC!
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EXTREME HEAT, DROUGHT, FIRE
JULY 2011:Oklahoma & Texas Hottest monthly temperature ever recorded
July 2012: United States Hottest month ever recorded
2011/12: United States Hottest 12 months ever recorded
Worst Heat/Drought and Wildfires
since 1930’s
BALLPLAYER ON STEROIDS
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SEA LEVEL RISE NEXT TWO DECADES
Well-field Area
MIAMI BEACHFLOODING
FROM SFWMD
FLORIDA 2080?
Saltwater Intrusion, 2009
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OCEAN and COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
“FUNDAMENTAL AND IRREVERSIBLE TRANSFORMATIONS”
Temperature up over 1oF Ocean Acidification impact on calcifiers Rapid decline in
Phytoplankton
CORAL REEFS
BLEACHING
MANGROVES
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SOLUTIONS80% REDUCTION IN CO2 BY 2050
MIAMI-DADE 2% SOLUTION
<------Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change------>
Up 4oC or 7oF more by 2100------>
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HIGHEST PRIORITY: STOP BURNING COAL
REPLACE WITH CHP AND NATURAL GAS
FRACKING
CLEAN COAL??? WHEN???
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REDUCE NON-CO2 GHG’S(OFTEN MORE EASILY REDUCED THAN CO2)
METHANE Landfills
• Recycle• Compost• Methane capture
Meat production Eat less beef!
REDUCE TROPICAL DEFORESTATION“Save the Rainforest”
SOOT From cooking, waste burning, forest fires, diesel engines, ocean ships
20% REDUCTION IN SOOT & CO2
FOOD/YARD WASTES
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PERSONAL CO2 EMISSIONSCARBON FOOTPRINT
UNITED STATES
20% of World’s Emissions
22 TONS
CO2/person/year Car ~ 7 tons CO2/yr
Airplane ~ 2-3 tons CO2/yr
House ~ 13 tons CO2/yr
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WORST IMPACTS ON POOREST COUNTRIES, WOMEN, FOOD SECURITY
DROUGHTS INAFRICA
IMPACTS ON WORLD FOOD SUPPLY
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CARBON OFFSETS SOLAR ELECTRIC LIGHT FUND (SELF.org)
SOLAR IRRIGATION Haiti: Solar Electricity and Lighting for Partners in Health Clinics
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURESUSTAINABLE COFFEE
FAIR TRADED/ORGANIC/SHADE GROWN
Reducing pesticides and fertilizers: Reduces fossil fuel inputs/water pollution Use agricultural waste to make BIOCHAR
BIOCHAR
…BUY LOCAL
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URBAN SUSTAINABILITYELEVATED BUS
URBAN DESIGNTREE-SHADED SIDEWALKS
BIKING/WALKING GREEN ROOF
BUSTUBE CURITIBA
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REDUCING YOUR TRANSPORTATION CARBON FOOTPRINT
NEW U.S. Standards27.5mpg 35.5mpg by 2016
54.5mpg by 2025
Average Car ~1#CO2/mile Conservation
Empty the trunk Inflate to max psi on tire (usually 35psi) Combine trips
Car/Truck Purchase: each extra mpg: 700#CO2/yr
2010 Prius-50 mpg
2012 PRIUS PLUG-IN HYBRID ~90MPG
BIKE SHARING
CITY CAR
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REDUCING THE UHI
HABITAT FOR HUMANITY COMMUNITY HOMESTEAD
WHITE REFLECTIVE ROOFSAND ENERGY EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING
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AUTOMOBILE FUEL ALTERNATIVES??
Canadian Tar Sands—low net energy, high pollution, high CO2
Hydrogen Car NOT an energy source, 30 X
more costly Not within 20 yrs, maybe never;
need fuel cell breakthroughs High pollution if made from coal Clean and renewable if made
from solar/wind
Biofuels—Ethanol, Biodiesel
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SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS Substantial reductions in
CO2 emissions Use plant/agricultural
Wastes or algae grown in eutrophic water
Minimal competition with food production Uses sustainable
agriculture, preserves soil
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANT
ALGAE IN WASTEWATER
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SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICITYEnergy Efficiency
and Conservation Cogeneration--
Combined heat and power—80 GW
Biomass—Agricultural and municipal wastes, wood
WindSolar—local and
utility scale Geothermal
Ocean Energy—Tidal, Waves
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EFFICIENCY/CONSERVATIONTHE GREENEST ENERGY
Saves money Lowers trade deficit and increases national
security Increase in jobs (particularly local jobs)
Energy Efficient Lights CFL LED
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HANDOUT ON RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Hot Water: Low-flow Showerhead, Solar
Electronics/Computers/Cable Boxes: turn off when not used
Energy-efficient Appliances:
1. FRONT-LOADING CLOTHES WASHER2. REFRIGERATOR3. DISHWASHER
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Reduce Air Conditioning by 50%
SMALL, HIGH-EFFICIENCY (SEER 16) AIR CONDITIONER White Reflective Roof or Radiant Barrier More Insulation and weather-stripping Plug Duct Leaks A.C Thermostat up 1oF (saves ~5%) Ceiling Fans (particularly in bedrooms)
ENERGY EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING
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ENERGY-EFFICIENT LANDSCAPINGREDUCES AIR-CONDITIONING BY 20-40%
Drought-resistant Shade Tree: 60#CO2/yr sequestered BUT 600#/yr if energy-efficient landscaping
Plant on East, South and West so that MATURE CANOPIES ARE ADJACENT TO BUILDING
WALL UP TO 25oF COOLER
6o cooler
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WIND ENERGY
Increasing almost 30%/yr for last two decades, very large potential
World: 240,000MW, most in Europe, China, and U.S. (Texas, Mid-west)
Major advances in Carbon-fiber blades,Variable speed turbines, Tubular towers
Low Environmental Impacts (birds, aesthetics) Renewable and NO CO2 Costs: 6-10c/kwh, boon to
ranchers
OFFSHORE
WIND & SOLAR WERE TWO THIRDS OF NEWEUROPEAN POWER, 2011
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SOLAR HOT WATER & ELECTRICITY
SOLAR PV CELLS Increasing about 40%/yr, Minimal environmental impacts,
NO CO2 But High Costs/Low Efficiency: 12c/kwh 26c/kwh
Zero-energy Habitat-For-Humanity House
SOLAR HOT WATER
GREEN JOBS
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CENTRALIZED SOLAR(10-15c/kwh)
Photovoltaics Concentrating Solar
Power/Solar Thermal trough systems, dish/engine systems,
and power towers.
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SOLAR ENERGY AND CHEMISTRY
SOLAR LEAF (Silicon Wafer) H2O O2 + H2
ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS8% EFFICIENT
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Global Warming is “BREATHTAKING OPPORTUNITIES
DISGUISED AS INSOLUBLE PROBLEMS” John Gardner,
Founder, Common Cause
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IMPACT ON HURRICANES
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IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE
Longer growing season in cold areas
More frequent heavy down-pours
More intense droughts, heat waves
More pest, weeds
SUMMER 2012
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WIND ENERGY: KITE,ROOFTOP AND SKYSCRAPER WINDMILLS
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Urban Ecologyparking lots, EMPTY MALLS
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CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
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URBAN TREES AND SUSTAINABILITYSOCIAL JUSTICE AND EDUCATION
Florida Urban Forestry Council Award: Outstanding Tree Advocacy Group
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Health Impacts
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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Ocean Degradation/Pollution
Tropical Deforestation, Endangered Species
Water and Food Resources
Population Growth
ENERGY AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
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