SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Module 1 1 I NTRODUCTION Sustainability : ability to upheld or maintain Sustainable Development : Sustainable development is a way for people to use resources with out causing depletion of resources. Define: development that "meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 2 G OALS .. 3 N EED FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT What is the need ? Why we need to learn this ? 4 N EED FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT So what happens ???? In developed world- Rapid depletion of Resources. Environmental pollution In developing world Population explosion Increased cost for materials Increased cost of living 5 R ESULTS 6 C ONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY To meet the need of current and future generations through- Integrating environmental protection Social development Economic prosperity Sustainability refer to quality of life to be achieved in such in a manner that does not harm quality of life of future generations. 7 C OMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustainable development has three parts. 8 W HAT WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT ? Optimize the Consumption of natural resources and min wastage Balanced growth, Profit Standard of living, Job opportunity 9 S OCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Social integration of different diverse groups Harmonious evolution of civil society Improve the quality of life Job opportunity for all 10 E NVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Improve quality of life while living with in the carrying capacity of ecosystem. 11 E CONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY To check the business/Industry makes profit with out causing much harm to nature. Adopt methods that make use of resources Efficiently Responsibly Bring out Long term benefits. 12 L INKED ASPECT . 13 H OW TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Impart environmental education and awareness Optimized usage Use with in the carrying capacity of planet Modified technology Used min resource Produce min wastage Three R concept Reduce Re-use Recycle 14 N EXUS BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Benefits of Technology Elimination of diseases Life saving medicines Improved techniques Dis-Benefits of Technology Resource extraction Pollution 15 N EXUS BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY CONTD.. Agricultural Technology To improve- Productivity world wide Soil and water conservation / effective usage Food quality / Security Genetic improvement in plant and animals to withstand climatic change To reduce Pesticide contamination Food loses 16 N EXUS BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY CONTD.. Energy Technology To Improve Energy services Find New efficient devices Find Alternate fuel source Environmental technology Reduce emission of contaminants Proper gaseous, Liquid, solid waste disposal Pollution prevention Cleaner production 17 N EXUS BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY CONTD.. Medical Technology Opening of Health research centers Controlling epidemics Reduce mortality rates of infants 18 C HALLENGES FOR S USTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Misconception: That sustainable development hinders overall development Fact is Development and environment protection go hand in hand Population explosion: Implies more usage of resources Absence of adequate Political or Industrial will Poor wastage management Lack of co-ordination between 3 components of SD. Unsustainable urbanisation: formation of slums, congestion of living space 19 M ULTI LATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS Def: Agreements signed by nations legally for meeting specific environmental objective. Objective could be to meet- Environmental pollution Climate change Examples 1997, Kyoto Protocol green house gas emission 1995, UNFCCC Climatic Change 20 K YOTO PROTOCOL To address Climate change issue by reduction of Green house gas emission. Gases: CO 2, Methane, Nitrous oxide, hydro fluro carbons Defined: developed countries ( Annex 1 parties) Developing as ( non-Annex 1 parties) Aim: Cut down emission by 25% by 2050 Desired outcome: Developed countries should cut down emission Developing countries need not. 21 C LEAN D EVELOPMENT M ECHANISM (CDM) Emerged from the Kyoto Protocol Objective: to help developed countries full fill their commitments to reduce emissions, and to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. Scheme: Developing countries will reduce the GHG emission CDM awards them CER ( certified Emission Reduction) credits. Developed countries who cross the emission limit need to purchase credits from others. 22 C LEAN D EVELOPMENT M ECHANISM (CDM) CONTD.. Thus CDM allows countries to continue emitting green house gas so long as they pay for reductions made elsewhere. 23 W ATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION ) ACT, 1974 To prevent and control water pollution To prohibit disposal of toxic, polluting matter into water bodies Establishment of Pollution control boards (PCB) Mandates prior approval by PCB for industrial activities discharging effluents Inspection of industries, records Sample collection and analysis 24 AIR ACT, 1981 Same as water act. Environmental Protection Act Self study 25