Sustainable design and construction SPD...sustainable design and construction (from now on referred...

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT Draft Sustainable Design and Construction Supplementary Planning Document London Borough of Southwark Planning Policy Team January 2009

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PROPOSED TIMETABLE FOR CONSULTATION AND HOW TO COMMENT

SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL PRODUCTION STAGE

TIMETABLE

Consultation on Scoping Report.

16 February – 23 March 2007

Consultation on draft Supplementary Planning Document accompanied by a Sustainability Appraisal report, and Equalities Impact Assessment.

2 July 2007 – November 12 2007

Amend Supplementary Planning Document and Sustainability Appraisal if necessary following consultation.

December 2008

Publish final version of the Supplementary Planning Document accompanied by a Sustainability Statement

January 2009

HOW TO COMMENT ON THIS REPORT

If you have any queries regarding this scoping report, please contact the Planning Policy and Research Team: Email: [email protected] Tel: 020 7525 5418 or 020 7525 5418. Comments can be returned by post, fax or email to: Planning Policy and Research Regeneration and Neighbourhoods Department Chiltern House Portland Street London SE17 2ES Email: [email protected] Fax: 020 7525 5561

Consultation on this sustainability report commenced 2 July 2007. All comments must be received by 5pm 12 November 2007.

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY A Sustainability Appraisal is carried out as part of the preparation of planning documents. This is to assess whether economic issues such as access to employment, social issues such as provision of excellent university facilities and environmental issues such as walking and cycling are fully considered in preparation of the SPD. What planning document is being appraised? The council is preparing a supplementary planning document (SPD) on sustainable design and construction (from now on referred to as the SPD). The reason for preparing the SPD is to provide more information based on the Southwark Plan on how new development can be designed and constructed so as to have a positive impact on the environment. The SPD aims to raise understanding of sustainable design and construction and ensure that the environment is a consideration early in the planning and design of new development. This should help reduce the costs of achieving good design and encourage better development. Section 1 of this report provides more detail on the draft SPD. What process has been taken to appraise the likely effects of the plan? The SA process consisted of a series of steps:

• The first stage involves deciding on the key issues that the appraisal will focus on. It includes the preparation of a scoping report that will highlight the key issues being considered early on in the SPD process.

• The next stage involves testing the likely impacts of the SPD on the environmental, economic and social issues set out in the scoping report. Usually there are a few different approaches that could be taken to guiding development. These are called options. The likely impacts of different options are tested and compared.

• Once the plan has been agreed (adopted), its social, economic and environmental impacts will then be monitored through the council’s annual monitoring report.

Section 2 of this report provides more detail on the appraisal process. What sustainability issues are relevant to the borough? There are key social, economic and environmental issues faced in Southwark that need to be taken into consideration by the draft SPD. These are: • Relatively high levels of deprivation: Southwark is the 17 most deprived

borough in England (out of 354). • Employment inequalities and employment opportunities: In 2005,

Southwark’s working age employment rate (63.6%) was lower than the London average (65.1%), and the borough Job Seekers Claimant Count (4.7%) was higher than the London average (4%).

• Health inequalities and noise nuisances: There are large areas in the borough where deprivation for health and disability is particularly high.

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• Need to promote equality, diversity social cohesion: Southwark sees the promotion of equality and social cohesion as a key aspect of delivering sustainability.

• Energy production and use: Emissions from the production of energy to heat and power homes and other buildings in the borough contributes to climate change and air pollution. Recent research shows that the average borough household consumes 21% more energy and produces 12% more CO2 than a standard 3 bedroom semi-detached house built to 1995 Building Regulations.

• Poor air quality: The majority of Southwark is located within a designated Air Quality Management Area. In this area UK air quality objectives for key pollutant gases are unlikely to be met.

• Need to reduce waste and increase recycling rates: Despite recent improvements in the borough’s recycling rate (7% in 2003/4 to just under 15% in 2005/6), Southwark has fallen short of its mandatory recycling targets for the past two years.

• Need for sustainable use of water resources: Water scarcity is a particularly acute problem in the South East region, and will potentially get worse as the population grows.

• Flood Risk: Parts of the borough are at risk of flooding from the Thames, should the current flood defences fail. There is also the risk of flooding from other sources such as overflowing drainage. Climate change and loss of soft ground surfaces in the borough could increase the chance of flooding occurring.

• Need to maintain and enhance open space and promote biodiversity and access to nature: Most of Southwark’s public open spaces are located in the south of the borough. Parts of the borough lack access to public open space and nature.

• Need to preserve and enhance built heritage and the archaeological environment: Southwark contains five known archaeological priority and 39 Conservation Areas.

• Need to improve accessibility by public transport and minimize the need to travel by car: Between 1991-2001 there was a shift in transport use with more people now using train/tube (10%) buses/coaches (3%) and fewer people walking (-10%) and using their cars/motorcycles (-8%). Despite this, there is still a problem with congestion and pollution in large areas of the borough.

Sections 4 and 5 of this report provide more detail on the sustainability issues relevant to the borough, and how these were identified. What sustainability objectives were used to appraise the draft SPD? The likely impacts of the SPD are identified using a set of sustainability objectives. The objectives reflect the current social, economic and environmental issues affecting the area. These objectives are:

Sustainability objectives

To tackle poverty and encourage wealth creation To improve the health of the population To promote social inclusion, equality, diversity and community cohesion To reduce contributions to climate change To improve the air quality in Southwark To reduce waste and maximise use of waste arising as a resource To encourage sustainable use of water resources To maintain and enhance the quality of land and soils.

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To protect and enhance the quality of landscape and townscape To conserve and enhance the historic environment and cultural assets To protect and enhance open spaces, green corridors and biodiversity

To reduce vulnerability to flooding To provide everyone with the opportunity to live in a decent home To promote sustainable transport and minimise the need to travel by car. Section 6 of this report provides more information on the sustainability objectives used and how they were identified. What are the likely significant effects of the draft SPD?

Overall, the appraisal indicated that the draft SPD is likely to make a positive contribution to sustainability. In particular the draft SPD will result in better development than if there was no SPD and the council relied only on the policy and information in the development plan. This is because the draft SPD makes clearer how development needs to occur so that it is sustainable. The following table summarises the overall effects of the draft SPD.

Objective Overall impact

Regeneration and Employment

Opportunities

The draft SPD is likely to benefit businesses and employment by creating more certainty as to what type of design is required. Knowing this upfront should help to reduce costs. Also, there will be benefits in terms of reduced running costs and prestige of having cutting edge developments. Better designed buildings will also last longer and recover better from floods, meaning less disruption and costs to businesses.

Health The draft SPD is likely to have positive benefits on the health of the population, by helping to reduce pollution and improving the quality of places.

Social inclusion and Community

Cohesion

The community will have a better idea of what is expected of new development. There should also be an improved sense of community from a cleaner greener environment and cutting edge development.

Climate Change There is likely to be a reduction in carbon emissions as a result of the draft SPD

Air Quality The draft SPD should help to improve air quality. Waste

Management The draft SPD will help to ensure that less waste is produced, and that the waste that is unavoidable is managed properly and put to good use.

Water Resources The draft SPD explains how developments can be designed to use less water and make sure water quality does not get worse.

Soil and Land Quality

The draft SPD helps make clear the approach that is expected to contamination.

Quality in Design There should be a number of indirect benefits from the SPD as a result of reducing pollution and improved landscaping.

Conservation of Historic

Environment

There may be some indirect benefits from the draft SPD as a result of improved air quality. This could reduce corrosion of historic buildings.

Open Space and Biodiversity

The draft SPD is likely to have significant benefits to biodiversity by setting out clear guidelines on how

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development needs to be designed. Flood Risk The draft SPD should help improve the approach taken to

building new development in flood risk areas and also in the way surface water run-off is managed.

Housing There is likely to be some indirect benefits from the draft SPD from reduced running costs of homes as a result of energy and water efficiency, and also improvements to living environments as a result of reduced levels of pollution.

Sustainable Transport

The draft SPD does not deal directly with transport. However is should have some positive impacts in terms of encouraging the use of materials that are sourced locally.

Section 6 of this report provides more detail on the likely significant effects of the draft SPD. What difference has the appraisal process made? The sustainability appraisal process has helped to identify the environmental, social and economic issues that the SPD needs to address. It is also an important way of checking to see how well the draft SPD has addressed these issues and identify how linked some of the issues are. This is very important, as the most effective approach will be one that can address the issues in a coordinated way. For example, identifying and encouraging design features that would have wide ranging benefits across many issues and discouraging design that is not appropriate in Southwark because of the types of impacts it will have. The appraisal process has also provided the opportunity to consider how the draft SPD should be monitored to keep track of how well it is actually performing.

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CONTENTS, TABLES, FIGURES AND APPENDICES

CONTENTS PAGE

Non technical summary 3

1. Introduction, consultation and policy context 8

2. Sustainability Appraisal Methodology and Timetable 11

3. Relationship to other Plans and Programmes 12

4. Social, Economic and Environmental Context 13

5. Key Sustainability Issues 14

6. Outcomes of the Sustainability Appraisal 17

TABLES

Table 1 Structure of scoping report 8

Table 2 Timetable for sustainability appraisal 11

Table 3 Key messages of relevant plans and programmes 12

Table 4 Baseline topics 13

Table 5 Key sustainability issues relevant to SPD 14

Table 6 Sustainability appraisal framework 17

Table 7 Stages in preparing sustainability appraisal 24

Table 8 - The components of the SA Report which make up the Environmental Report for the purposes of the Strategic Environmental Assessment

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Table 9 Comparison of Sustainability Objectives 57

Table 10 Coverage of Sustainability Objectives 57

FIGURES

Figure 1 Local Development Framework Contents 22

Figure 2 Stages in the Preparation of an SPD 23

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Legal and Policy Background for Sustainability Appraisal and SPD

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Appendix 2 Feedback on scoping report received from statutory consultees with officers’ response

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Appendix 3 Planning Policy 30

Appendix 4 Review of Key Plans and Programmes 31 Appendix 5 The Evidence Base (Baseline) 41

Appendix 6 Employment Deprivation 52

Appendix 7 Health Deprivation and Disability Domain 53

Appendix 8 Extent of Conservation Areas and Archaeological Priority Zones

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Appendix 9 Access to Nature 55

Appendix 10 Comparison of Sustainability Objectives 56

Appendix 11 Appraisal tables 57

Appendix 12 Glossary 64

Appendix 13 Abbreviations 66

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Introduction – What is this document? 1.1 The council is preparing a supplementary planning document (SPD) on sustainable design and construction (from now on referred to as the SPD). The reason for preparing the SPD is to provide more information based on the Southwark Plan on how new development can be designed and constructed so as to have a positive impact on the environment. The SPD will be influential once the council has finally agreed it when decisions are being made on planning applications.1 This should help make the planning process simpler and clearer by setting out a clear picture for how new development is expected to be designed and constructed. 1.2 A Sustainability Appraisal (incorporating a Strategic Environmental Assessment) is carried out as part of the preparation of the SPD. This is to assess whether economic issues such as access to employment, social issues such as provision of excellent university facilities and environmental issues such as walking and cycling are fully considered in preparation of the SPD. Table 1 – Structure of Scoping Report

SECTION CONTENT

Section 1 Explains why an SPD is needed covering sustainable design and construction. Sets out what a sustainability appraisal is, the consultation undertaken, and the planning policy requirements in the London and Southwark plans.

Section 2 Sets out the process for carrying out a sustainability appraisal.

Section 3 Identifies relevant national, regional and local plans and strategies setting out the messages that should be taken into account in preparing the SPD.

Section 4 Sets out social, environmental and economic data that can be used to describe the borough and how it is likely to change in the future. This is called baseline data.

Section 5 Sets out the main social, economic and environmental (sustainability) issues that needed to be taken into consideration when preparing the SPD. These are based on the baseline data and the messages in the relevant plans and strategies.

Section 6 Explains what impacts the draft SPD is likely to have on the social, economic and environmental issues. This section also explains how the draft SPD will be monitored once it is agreed to check it having the predicted impacts.

Section 7 Outlines the next steps in the sustainability appraisal process.

1.3 Further details on the legislative and policy background to sustainability appraisal are set out in Appendix 1. Consultation 1.4 Consultation on the draft SPD was carried out in accordance with the draft Southwark Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) (March 2006). This sets out how individuals, community groups, developers and anyone else with an interest should be consulted on planning documents.

1 The SPD once adopted, will be a significant material consideration in determining planning

applications.

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1.5 The council has a legal obligation to consult with the Environment Agency, English Heritage and Natural England on the scoping report for the sustainability appraisal, which was prepared in February 2007. The law requires these organisations are given 5 weeks to respond. A summary of the feedback received and how it has been taken into account by the council is given at Appendix 2. Why is the SPD needed and what will it do?

1.6 Sustainable development is about achieving environmental, social and economic aims in a balanced way that can be enjoyed by everyone, now and in the long term. The way we design and build our urban environment plays an important role in sustainability. The London Plan and the Southwark Plan (Unitary Development Plan) set out planning policies that aim to deliver new development which contributes to a sustainable economy, high environmental quality, access to services and an improved quality of life2. The reason for preparing the SPD is to provide more information based on the Southwark Plan on how new development can be designed and constructed so as to have a positive impact on the environment, community and local economy. This should help make the planning process simpler and clearer by setting out a clear picture for how new development is expected to be designed and constructed.

1.7 All the policies in the Southwark Plan are aimed at creating sustainable development. These include those that deal with creating wealth and reducing poverty, good quality urban design and architecture, providing housing that meets need and ensuring development is accessible. The SPD focuses specifically on policies in the Southwark Plan that deal with environmental issues:

• Making clear how planning policies relating to energy and water use, pollution, waste, flood risk and biodiversity will be applied to different types of development;

• Explaining how to approach planning and designing a development to maximise its positive impacts on the environment;

• Identifying different design features and construction methods that will have positive impacts on the environment; and

• Identifying sources of more information.

1.8 Details on the planning policy that the SPD is explaining is set out in Appendix 3. What are the objectives of the SPD? 1.8 The SPD aims to raise understanding of sustainable design and construction and ensure that the environment is a consideration early in the planning and design of new development. This should help reduce the costs of achieving good design and encourage better development.

What topics does the draft SPD cover? 1.9 The SPD will apply across the borough to all types of development that require planning permission. The first section of the draft SPD explains the key environmental challenges that Southwark is facing and why it is so important to overcome them. It also explains how much good environmental design is likely to cost (or save).

2 The Development Plan comprises the London Plan and the adopted Southwark Unitary

Development Plan. On 28 June 2007, the council agreed the final version of the emerging Southwark Plan and to inform the Government that it intends to formally adopt it. The emerging Plan has significant weight in deciding planning applications.

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1.10 The main section of the draft SPD sets out the environmental outcomes that need to be achieved by new development based on planning policy and explains how different types of development will be expected to achieve the requirements of the relevant planning policies. The topics covered are:

• Reducing contribution to climate change

• Improving air quality

• Reducing water pollution

• Reducing disturbance from noise

• Reducing disturbance from artificial light

• Maintain and enhance the quality of land and soils

• Reduce the amount of waste being created and ending in landfill

• Protect and enhance biodiversity

• Reduce water consumption

• Reduce vulnerability to flooding

Future inclusions in the draft SPD 1.11 The draft SPD will be expanded to include sections that provide useful advice on good practice design and construction. This will be consulted on separately.

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2. SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY AND TIMETABLE 2.1 A Sustainability Appraisal (incorporating a Strategic Environmental Assessment) is carried out as part of the preparation of the SPD. This is to assess what impacts the SPD is likely to have on economic issues such as supporting local businesses, social issues such as overcoming poverty and environmental issues such as climate change. The aim is to ensure these issues are considered from the start of preparing the SPD so that is has the best possible outcomes. There are five stages involved in undertaking a sustainability appraisal. These are set out in table 2 below: Table 2 – Timetable for sustainability appraisal

Stages in undertaking a sustainability Appraisal

Timetable

Stage A: This involves deciding on the key issues that the appraisal will focus on. It includes the preparation of a scoping report that will highlight the key issues being considered early on in the SPD process. This Sustainable Design and Construction SPD Sustainability Appraisal is currently at this stage.

Consultation on the scoping report took take place between 16 February and 23 March 2007.

Stages B, C and D: These stages involve testing the likely impacts of the SPD on the environmental, economic and social issues set out in the scoping report. Usually there are a few different approaches that could be taken to guiding development. These are called options. The likely impacts of different options are tested and compared. A Sustainability report is prepared for consideration by councillors when they agree the draft SPD for consultation. It is also provided for comment by the public with the SPD. An officer report will be given to members setting out how the public’s comments have been dealt with when the final SPD is agreed

Consultation on the draft SPD will take place between July and November 2007. Consideration of representations and adoption will take place between November 2008 and January 2009

Stage E: Once the plan has been agreed (adopted), its social, economic and environmental impacts will then be monitored through the council’s annual monitoring report.

Monitoring the SPD will take place once it has been adopted – February 2009.

2.2 These stages and they way in which they are part of the SPD preparation process are described in more detail in Figure 3 in Appendix 1.

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3. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS AND PROGRAMMES 3.1 National, regional and local plans, programmes and strategies set out the messages that should be taken into account in preparing the SPD. This is because the SPD must make sure that it does not conflict with any of the messages and that it takes these forward where possible. National government guidance, regional guidance and local plans and strategies prepared by the council and other organisations that are relevant to the SPD have been reviewed. Table 3 – Key messages of relevant plans and programmes

Key messages Key Documents Key Sustainability Objectives (see Table 7)

Meet the needs of all / tackle poverty social exclusion and deprivation

UK: Sust. Dev. Strategy, PPS1, PPS3, PPS6, PPG17, Sust. Comm. Plan for London. London: London Plan, Economic Development Strategy, Accessible London. Local: Community Strategy, UDP, Employment Strategy, Housing Strategy

SDO 3, SDO 5, SDO 13, SDO 15, SDO 16

Sustainable economy UK: Sust. Dev. Strategy, PPS1, PPS6. London: Economic Development Strategy, Culture Strategy, London Plan. Local: UDP, Enterprise Strategy

SDO 1, SDO 16

High quality, safe urban environments

UK: PPS1, PPG15, PPG16, PPG17, PPG24, PPS25, Sust. Comm. Plan for London. London: Accessible London, London Plan, Ambient Noise Strategy. Local: Community Strategy, UDP, LIP

SDO 11, SDO 12, SDO 13, SDO 14, SDO 16

Tackle congestion and promote sustainable transport

UK: DfT Transport Plan, PPS1, PPG13, PPS6, PPS10, Sust. Comm. Plan for London. London: Transport Strategy, London Plan. Local: UDP, LIP

SDO 7, SDO 16

Reduce pollution UK: Sust. Dev. Strategy, PPS23, DfT Transport Plan, PPG24. London: London Plan, Air Quality Strategy, Local: UDP, Air Quality Management Plan, Contaminated Land Strategy

SDO 7, SDO 9, SDO 10, SDO 16

Prudent use of resources / reduce/reuse waste

UK: Sust. Dev. Strategy, PPS1, PPS10, PPS22, London: Energy Strategy, London Plan, Waste Management Strategy, London Remade Demolition Protocol. Local: Community Strategy, UDP, Climate Change Strategy, Waste Management Strategy

SDO 6, SDO 8, SDO 9

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Kyoto Protocol. UK: Climate Change Programme, PPS1, PPS22. London: Energy Strategy, London Plan. Local: Community Strategy, UDP, Climate Change Strategy

SDO 6

Adapt to climate change

UK: PPS1, PPS25. London: London Plan. Local: Climate Change Strategy

SDO 14

Protect biodiversity / improve access to natural environment

UK: Sust. Dev. Strategy, PPS1, PPS9, PPG17. London: Biodiversity Strategy, London Plan. Local: UDP, Biodiversity Action Plan

SDO 13

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4. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 4.1 Data can be used to describe the current characteristics of an area and predict how it is likely to change in the future, with or without the SPD. We have collected data to describe the social, environmental and economic characteristics of the borough. 4.2 There is always a starting point that we use to describe an area, as it is now, and compare how it may change in the future. This is called the baseline. The baseline for this scoping report is presented in Appendix 3. The topics that this data covers are listed in table 4 below. Table 4 - Baseline Topics

• Regeneration and employment opportunities

• Health

• Social Inclusion and Community Cohesion particularly equalities issues

• Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

• Air Quality

• Waste management

• Water resources

• Quality in Design

• Conservation of Historic Environment

• Open Space and Biodiversity

• Flood risk

• Housing

• Sustainable Transport

4.3 Note: there is some data which is not currently available and will be added as it becomes available. Where data gaps exist, these have been clearly identified.

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5. KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 5.1 This section sets out the main social, economic and environmental (sustainability) issues that need to be taken into consideration. These have been identified based on the baseline data and the messages of the relevant plans and strategies. The key sustainability issues are set out in table 5. Table 5 – Key sustainability issues relevant to SPD

Sustainability issue Key baseline data How SPD can respond?

1.Relatively high levels of deprivation

Southwark is the 17 most deprived borough in England (out of 354).

Efficient homes can reduce running costs. Ensure sustainable design features do not have a negative impact on character of areas.

2.Employment inequalities and employment opportunities

In 2005, Southwark’s working age employment rate (63.6%) was lower than the London average (65.1%), and the borough Job Seekers Claimant Count (4.7%) was higher than the London average (4%).

Using local suppliers of materials and labour can benefit the local economy.

3.Health inequalities and noise nuisances

There are large areas in the borough where deprivation for health and disability is particularly high.

Identify design measures to improve indoor environments, including changing climate.

4. Need to promote equality, diversity social cohesion.

Southwark sees the promotion of equality and social cohesion as a key aspect of delivering sustainability.

An Equality Impact Assessment is being prepared early in the plan making process to inform the sustainability appraisal of the SPD.

5. Energy production and use

Emissions from the production of energy to heat and power homes and other buildings in the borough contributes to climate change and air pollution. Recent research shows that the average borough household consumes 21% more energy and produces 12% more CO2 than a standard 3 bedroom semi-detached house built to 1995 Building Regulations.

By 2050, new development could account for as much as a third of all buildings. Identify ways new development can be designed and built so as to reduce energy consumption and use sustainable sources of electricity.

6. Poor air quality The majority of Southwark is located within a designated Air Quality Management Area. In this area UK air quality objectives for key pollutant gases are unlikely to be met.

Identify ways the design of developments can address poor air quality, and avoid polluting emissions.

7. Need to minimize waste arisings and increase recycling rates

Despite recent improvements in the borough’s recycling rate (7% in 2003/4 to just under 15% in 2005/6), Southwark has fallen short of its mandatory recycling targets for the past two years.

Identify how buildings can be designed and constructed so as to minimise resource use and reuse any waste materials. Identify design that promotes recycling and composting.

8. Need for sustainable Water scarcity is a particularly acute Identify ways new

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Sustainability issue Key baseline data How SPD can respond?

use of water resources problem in the South East region, and will potentially get worse as the population grows. Research has estimated that the average daily water consumption in Southwark is 160L per capita. OFWAT statistics demonstrate that this figure is higher than the national and western European average of (150L).

development can reduce the amount of water that is used.

9. Flood Risk Parts of the borough are at risk of flooding from the Thames, should the current flood defences fail. There is also the risk of flooding from other sources such as overflowing drainage. Climate change and loss of soft ground surfaces in the borough could increase the chance of flooding occurring.

A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment will be prepared in parallel with the SPD. It will examine the risk of flooding across the borough. The SPD can identify ways new development can be designed and built so it does not increase the risk of flooding in the borough.

10. Need to maintain and enhance open space and promote biodiversity and access to nature.

Most of Southwark’s public open spaces are located in the south of the borough. Parts of the borough lack access to public open space and nature.

Identify ways a development can benefit biodiversity in the borough.

11. Need to preserve and enhance built heritage and the archaeological environment

Southwark contains five known archaeological priority zones – Kennington Road and Elephant and Castle, Walworth Village, Old Kent Road, Camberwell Green, Peckham Village, and Dulwich Village. There are also 39 Conservation Areas.

Provide guidance on how development in conservation areas can have an environmental benefit, without impacting on the character of these areas.

12. Need to improve accessibility by public transport and minimize the need to travel by car

Between 1991-2001 there was a shift in modes of transport use with more people now using train/tube (10%) buses/coaches (3%) and fewer people walking (-10%) and using their cars/motorcycles (-8%). Despite this, there is still a problem with congestion and pollution in large areas of the borough. There are proposals to significantly improve public transport infrastructure, particularly the Cross Rail Tram and the East London Line.

Using locally sources materials will reduce the road miles associated with construction. The landscaping of development can also encourage walking and cycling.

What is the likely future of the borough without the draft SPD?

5.2 Regardless of whether there is an SPD or not pressure on the environment will continue as the population grows. New buildings can help reduce this pressure and some of the negative impacts on the environment. Badly designed buildings could make matters worse or not respond to changing environmental conditions, making them uncomfortable or unsafe in the future.

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5.3 Even without the SPD, these issues could still be addressed by applying the planning policies we currently have (see Appendix 3). However, without the guidance of the draft SPD this may not be done consistently or in the most effective way. Without upfront guidance early on in the design process, the costs of making new development more sustainable are likely to be higher.

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6. OUTCOMES OF THE SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL How have the likely impacts of the SPD been identified? 6.1 The likely impacts of the SPD are identified using a set of sustainability objectives and questions known as an “appraisal framework”. The objectives should be achieved by the SPD to make sure it benefits the environment, economy and community, such as whether emissions of greenhouse gases will be reduced. The questions help to guide the assessment. The objectives reflect the current social, economic and environmental issues affecting the area and were consulted on as part of the scoping report. The objectives and questions are set out in table 6: Table 6 – Sustainability Appraisal Framework

Objective Criteria Questions Sustainability Issue Covered

Will it create job opportunities?

Will it encourage the retention and /or growth of local employment?

Will it promote inward investment?

Will it reduce the disparity with surrounding areas?

Regeneration and Employment Opportunities SDO 1. To tackle poverty and encourage wealth creation Will it improve the range of employment

opportunities?

Employment inequalities and employment opportunities

Will it promote healthy living?

Will it reduce health inequalities?

Health SDO 3. To improve the health of the population

Will it reduce the impact of noise nuisance and/or vibrations on the population?

Health inequalities and noise nuisances

Will it provide high quality accessible community facilities within the vicinity of people’s homes?

Will it promote equality and diversity?

Social inclusion and Community Cohesion SDO 5. To promote social inclusion, equality, diversity and community cohesion

Will it encourage people to meaningfully participate in local decisions?

Relatively high levels of deprivation. Need to promote equality, diversity and social cohesion

Will it achieve high standards of energy efficiency?

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy SDO 6. To reduce contributions to climate change

Will it encourage the generation and use of renewable energy?

Energy efficiency and use of renewables

Will it encourage a reduction in the journeys made by car?

Will it help achieve the objectives of the Air Quality Management Plan?

Air Quality SDO 7. To improve the air quality in Southwark

Will it encourage a reduction in the emission of key pollutants?

Poor air quality

Will it provide appropriate waste management infrastructure? e.g. integrated recycling facilities

Waste Management SDO. 8 To reduce waste and maximise use of waste arising as a resource

Will it promote the reduction of waste during construction / operation?

Need to minimise waste arisings and increase recycling rates

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Will it lead to a reduction in the quality of surface water/waterways?

Will it reduce water consumption

Water Resources SDO 9. To encourage sustainable use of water resources Will it adopt technologies / infrastructure

that will encourage the reuse of water / maximise water efficiency?

Need for sustainable use of water resources

Will it lead to a reduction in the quality of soils?

Soil and Land Quality SDO 10. To maintain and enhance the quality of land and soils.

Will it take a precautionary approach to land contamination and lead to the remediation of land identified as potentially contaminated?

Need to promote biodiversity Pollution control Climate change Flood risk

Will it enhance the quality and attractiveness of the built environment?

Quality in Design SDO 11. To protect and enhance the quality of landscape and townscape

Will it have a negative impact on important strategic / local views?

Relatively high levels of deprivation. Need to maintain and enhance open space

Will it conserve and where appropriate enhance the historic environment and cultural assets?

Conservation of Historic Environment SDO 12. To conserve and enhance the historic environment and cultural assets

Will it involve the loss of existing traditional features of interest that positively contribute to the character of the area?

Need to preserve and enhance built heritage and the archaeological environment

Will it encourage development on previously developed land? Will it encourage the appropriate management or enhancement of existing open spaces or the creation of open spaces?

Will it enhance public access to open space and nature?

Will it promote the provision of high quality open space that caters for a variety of needs? Particularly in areas of regeneration?

Open Space and Biodiversity SDO 13. To protect and enhance open spaces, green corridors and biodiversity

Will it help achieve the goals of the Biodiversity Action Plan?

Need to maintain and enhance open space and promote biodiversity and access to nature.

Will it minimise the risk of flooding to the development area?

Flood Risk SDO 14. To reduce vulnerability to flooding

Will it adopt the principles of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems?

Flood Risk

Will it contribute towards meeting housing need, in particular affordable housing and family homes?

Housing SDO 15. To provide everyone with the opportunity to live in a decent home

Will encourage the re-use of vacant dwellings?

Relatively high levels of deprivation Need to promote equality, diversity social cohesion.

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Will it contribute towards improving the quality of homes and the living environment.

Will it reduce the need to travel, including the distance materials are transported?

Will it improve accessibility in and around the borough by public transport; walking and cycling?

Sustainable Transport SDO. 16 To promote sustainable transport and minimise the need to travel by car. Will it encourage the use of alternatively

fuelled vehicles?

Need to improve accessibility by public transport and minimize the need to travel by car.

6.2 The objectives have been compared to check if they are compatible with one another, or if there is the possibility that achieving one objective could affect how we can achieve another. A table illustrating this is included at Appendix 9. 6.3 The objectives have also been examined to ensure they evenly cover environmental, social and economic issues. A table illustrating the coverage of the objectives is included at Appendix 9. Are the objectives of the draft SPD compatible with the sustainability objectives? 6.4 As a first step, the objectives of the draft SPD were compared with the sustainability objectives. This found that what the draft SPD is aiming for is consistent with the sustainability objectives, in particular those relating to the environment. See table A11.1 in Appendix 11. What are the alternatives to the draft SPD and how do these compare in sustainability terms?

6.5. The main alternative to developing the draft SPD is to not have one. This approach would rely on the existing planning policies (see Appendix 3) being used without any further guidance. 6.6 Table A11.2 in Appendix 11 demonstrates that having no draft SPD is not the most sustainable solution. This is because the draft SPD will provide greater certainty and clarity as to how new development should be designed to be sustainable. It will also raise awareness of environmental issues and allow appropriate design responses to be integrated into a development early on in the design process. This should make it cheaper to design and build development that has a good environmental impact, which in turn should help encourage a higher quality of development. 6.7 Preparing additional guidance to explain planning policies will have particular benefits for reducing carbon emissions, managing waste, reducing flood risk and improving biodiversity. These are important topics for which the current planning policies do not provide much clear guidance. There is also likely to be indirect benefits, such as home that are cheaper to run and improved quality of the public domain. 6.8 No other options have been considered at this stage. Though the draft SPD provides guidance on policies in the Southwark Plan, for which a number of options

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were considered during the preparation of the Southwark Plan. It may be likely that as a result of consultation, further options should be considered.

What are the likely impacts of the draft SPD?

6.9 The final stage in the appraisal process involved a detailed testing of the guidance in Section 4.3 of the draft SPD against the sustainability framework.

6.10 Given that the draft SPD explains how development should be designed and built to have a good environmental impact it is not surprising that the SA has found that the SPD performs well against environmental objectives. In particular there will be benefits for reducing contribution to climate change, improving the way waste is managed and also addressing biodiversity issues in all developments.

6.11 Even though the draft SPD does not deal directly with social or economic issues, the appraisal found that there should be some good indirect impacts on achieving these objectives. These include:

• Improved profile of a development and marketability. With increasing media attention on environmental issues, particularly climate change, there is a growing demand among the public for more sustainable products and services.

• Improved property values as a result of the benefits offered to occupants.

• Improved health from cleaner air, water and soil. Improved green spaces will also encourage walking and cycling and improve the character of areas.

• Reduced damage in the event of a flood. Businesses can reopen faster.

• Greater awareness of nature and how our lifestyles impact on it.

• Benefits to local business from using local suppliers and labour.

• An improved sense of community from a cleaner greener environment and cutting edge development.

There should not be significant impacts in terms of the costs involved in designing and constructing development in a sustainable way. By raising awareness and understanding of sustainable design and construction the draft SPD enables sustainability to be considered early in the planning and design of new development. This should help reduce the costs of achieving good design. Also, more efficient buildings will have lower running costs meaning that the extra costs paid for particular technology is likely to be paid back over the lifetime of the development. How have likely negative effects been avoided or reduced? The appraisal has identified a possible conflict between the desire for local energy supply and air quality. This would depend on the types of materials used to generate the energy. For example, natural gas would have less of an air quality impact than plant-based fuels such as wood pellets. The draft SPD has addressed this issue by making clear the preferences for fuels and types of renewable energy systems. As well as this, systems that release emissions into the air will need to be tested to ensure they meet appropriate standards. Filtering equipment may be needed. Decentralised systems are a lot more efficient that a whole series of individual boilers and generators, and so should have less of an impact than if individual systems were used. The draft SPD is important in helping to make decentralised systems a reality. Only the first part of the draft SPD has been tested. A second part is being prepared and this will provide further guidance on how to build sustainably. This should help to improve the benefits of the draft SPD further.

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How should the draft SPD be implemented? The draft SPD will be used together with other planning documents that provide guidance on other aspects of sustainable development, including forthcoming planning guidance on how to prepare sustainability assessments. The guidance on sustainability assessments will link closely with the draft SPD by setting out clearly how planning applications can demonstrate that a minimum level of environmental performance has been achieved. The draft SPD will be important in explaining how to design and build so that these minimum levels can be achieved. A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) is also being prepared for Southwark which will take a detailed look at flood risk across the borough and identify appropriate ways to manage surface water run-off sustainably. The SFRA will provide useful supporting information to the draft SPD. Guidance for development applications staff should also be prepared to explain the procedure that should be followed to get feedback on applications from different officers in the council who have specialist expertise, such as council’s ecology officer and sustainability manager. This includes a procedure for checking whether applications fall within an appropriate distance from existing or planned combined heat and power stations. The implementation of the guidance relating to connecting to CHP systems will depend on the creation of a Multi Utility Services Company (MUSCo) that will manage CHP systems across Southwark. Monitoring It is important that the plan is monitored to keep track of whether it is working in the way it should. This report has identified indicators that should be used to monitor the draft SPD. The most appropriate way to monitor the draft SPD is through the Local Development Framework Annual Monitoring Report (AMR). The AMR monitors the type of development that is occurring as a result of all of the council’s planning policies and guidance and what effects this development is having in terms of sustainability.

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APPENDIX 1: LEGAL AND POLICY BACKGROUND FOR SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL AND SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING DOCUMENTS. The 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act introduced a number of significant changes to the planning system in England. Under the 2004 Act, existing unitary development plans are to be replaced by a local development framework (LDF). The LDF will include supplementary planning documents. An outline of the contents of the Local Development Framework is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Local Development Framework Contents

The regional spatial strategy (the London Plan), and the core strategy comprise (are) the development plan and they are the primary (most important) consideration in determining (deciding) planning applications. Southwark adopted (agreed) a Unitary Development Plan in 1995, which is now out of date. Many drafts of a new Unitary Development Plan called the Southwark Plan has been consulted on and this has also been to a public inquiry where an independent inspector listens to arguments made by residents, community groups and developers about changes that should be made to the Southwark Plan. The Inspector made recommendations to the council about changes that should be made in April 2006. The council made many of these changes (and there were a few that were not made) and these have been out to consultation. This finished in October 2006 and on 24 January 2007 the council agreed on a modified version of the Southwark Plan. Following this the Government directed the council to make a number of further changes to the plan. These further changes were consulted on and this consultation finished in May 2007. The council agreed to adopt the final version of the Southwark Plan on 28 June 2007and have informed the Government that we indeed to formally adopt it. Following this, there is now a 6 week period during which the plan can be challenged. The Sustainable Design and Construction SPD will be adopted after this period, and so will be adopted to the Southwark Plan rather than the 1995 Unitary Development Plan.

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Supplementary Planning Documents (SPD) are guidance notes, additional to the Southwark Unitary Development Plan, that provide more information about how to implement the policies. They also contain background information that applicants may find useful when preparing their planning applications. There is already draft guidance for sustainability, published in 2002. However it is intended that the SPD will supersede (replace) this draft guidance. The Sustainable Design and Construction SPD will provide a clearer and more practical approach to the council’s sustainability requirements. The stages in preparing a supplementary planning document are set out in Figure 2below: Figure 2 Stages in the preparation of a supplementary planning document

Section 39 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 requires that Sustainability Appraisals are prepared for all local development documents, including SPDs. Strategic Environmental Assessment and Sustainability Appraisal The SPD falls within the definition of a ‘plan or programme’ under European Directive 2001/42 (the SEA Directive). As it is likely to have significant environmental effects, it must also undergo a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), as part of a sustainability appraisal. The SEA directive is transposed (made) into UK law by the Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Regulations 2004. Guidance on the implementation of the 2004 Regulations and the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act is set out in the ODPM’s Practical Guide to the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive (September 2005) and Sustainability Appraisal of Regional Spatial Strategies and Local Development Documents (November 2005) respectively. These guidance documents set out a similar methodology to be used in the preparation of both SAs and SEAs. This is a standard Scoping Report for the SA/SEA process, as defined in current then-ODPM guidelines, ‘Practical Guide to the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive’ (September 2005) and ‘Sustainability Appraisal of Regional Spatial Strategies and Local Development Documents’ (November 2005). It is common practice that SAs incorporate an SEA. In the case of the SPD, all reference to SA should be understood as referring to both the SA and SEA process. The stages in the preparation of SA and their relationship to the stages in the preparation of a SPD are set out below (table 8).

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The components of this report which make up the Environmental Report for the purposes of a SEA are indicated in table 9: Table 7 – Stages in preparing a SA and SEA in relation to the stages required in preparing a Supplementary Planning Document

SEA Stage Sustainability Appraisal (SA) Stage that meets the requirements of the SEA Stage

SPD Stage

Stage A: Setting the context and objectives, establishing the baseline and deciding on the scope

Stage A: Setting the context and objectives, establishing the baseline and deciding on the scope

Identifying other relevant plans, programmes and environmental protection objectives

A1: Identifying other relevant policies, plans and programmes and sustainable development objectives

Collecting baseline information

A2: Collecting baseline information

Identifying environmental problems

A3: Identifying sustainability issues and problems

Developing SEA objectives A4: Developing the SA framework

Consulting on the scope of the SEA

A5: Consulting on the scope of the SA

SPD Stage 1: Pre-production – Evidence gathering

Stage B: Developing and refining alternatives and assessing effects

Stage B: Developing and refining options and assessing effects

Testing the plan or programme objectives against the SEA objectives

B1: Testing the SPD objectives against the SA framework

Developing strategic alternatives

B2: Developing the SPD options

Predicting the effects of the plan or programme, including alternatives

B3: Predicting the effects of the draft SPD

Evaluating the effects of the plan or programme, including alternatives

B4: Evaluating the effects of the draft SPD

Mitigating the adverse effects

B5: Considering ways of mitigating adverse effects and maximising beneficial effects

Proposing measures to monitor the environmental effects of the plan or programme implementation

B6: Proposing measures to monitor the significant effects of implementing the SPD

Stage C: Preparing the Environmental Report

Stage C: Preparing the Sustainability Appraisal Report

Preparing the Environmental Report

C1: Preparing the Sustainability Appraisal Report

Stage D: Consulting on the draft plan or programme and the Environmental Report

Stage D: Consulting on the SPD and the Sustainability Appraisal Report

SPD Stage 2: Production – Prepare draft SPD

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SEA Stage Sustainability Appraisal (SA) Stage that meets the requirements of the SEA Stage

SPD Stage

Consulting the public and Consultation Bodies on the draft plan or programme and the Environmental Report

D1: Public participation on the SA Report and the draft SPD

Making decisions and providing information

D3: Making decisions and providing information

Stage E: Monitoring the significant effects of implementing the plan or programme on the environment

Stage E: Monitoring the significant effects of implementing the SPD

Developing aims and methods for monitoring

E1: Finalising aims and methods for monitoring

Responding to adverse effects

E2: Responding to adverse effects

SPD Stage 3: Adoption

Table 8 - The components of the SA Report which make up the Environmental Report for the purposes of the Strategic Environmental Assessment

Information Required in Environment Report Where covered in SA Report

Outline of the contents, main objectives of the plan or programme, and relationship with other relevant plans and programmes

Section 1, Appendix 4.

The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme


The environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected


Any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme

Section 5

The environmental protection objectives which are relevant to the plan or programme and the way those objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account during its preparation

Section 3, Appendix 4

The likely significant effects on the environment. Section 6, Appendix 11

The measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and offset any significant adverse effects on the environment of implementing the plan or programme

Section 6

An outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives dealt with Section 6

A description of how the assessment was undertaken including any difficulties encountered in compiling the required information

Section 2, Appendix 1

A description of measures envisaged concerning monitoring Section 6

A non-technical summary of the information provided under the above.

Opening section

Appendix 2 – Feedback on scoping report received from statutory consultees with officers’ response Environment Agency – Responded 13 March 2007 Comment Officer response

We welcome the inclusion of flood risk management issues at this crucial stage of the SPD

Comment noted.

PPS25 states that Strategic Flood Risk Assessments should be prepared and used to identify sustainability objectives and test policy options in SA/SEA.

Noted. An SFRA is currently being prepared and will be competed in time to feed into the final version of the drat SPD.

There is no specific mention of flood risk as a key message in table 4. Flood risk is covered as part of a range of issues that are recurring themes in national, regional and local policy and strategy, including the need for safe communities and to adapt to climate change. Even though it is not mentioned on its own, flood risk is a very important issue that has been considered directly by the draft SPD.

We recommend the inclusion of “Planning Policies for Sustainable Building” in Appendix 3

Whilst this is a useful reference document, it is not a policy document, plan or programme.

We recommend the inclusion of “Thames River Basin Management Plan” in Appendix 3

This document is not yet available. The aims of the plan listed in the Environment Agency’s response are consistent with the issues already raised in the scoping report.

We recommend the inclusion of “Thames Corridor Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy” in Appendix 3

Much of the guidance in this document does not apply to the Tidal Thames, which the borough has frontage to. The CAM states that applications for abstraction from the Tidal Thames will be treated on a site-by-site basis and it is likely that seasonal restrictions will not be applied as the water is replenished by tides. The document is a good background document on licensing procedure but does not need to form part of the SA.

We recommend the inclusion of “The Disability Rights Commission” in Appendix 3

This is not a plan or programme. The SPD is not intended to cover inclusive access issues. A separate SPD has been prepared on Design and Access Statements.

We recommend the inclusion of “PPS23: Planning and Pollution Control” in Appendix 3

A reference to land contamination has been added to Appendix 3. Land contamination is one of the issues that the SPD deals with directly and PPS23 has been consulted in the preparation of the SPD.

There is no link between table 6(key sustainability issues) and table 7(sustainability appraisal framework) – for example SDO10 (soil and land quality) does not feature in table 6 but emerges suddenly in table 7.

There is a clear link between table 6 and 7, this is indicated by the last column in table 7. It is demonstrated that the sustainability objectives cover all of the sustainability issues.

The sustainability issues covered in table 7 should place more emphasis on land contamination and remediation and invoke the precautionary principle.

Reference to the precautionary principle has been added to critical questions for SDO10.

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Comment Officer response

Pollution and climate change issues would be best addressed under different categories.

Pollution and climate change issues are addressed under different categories.

The Environment Agency would support mention of buffer zones and riverine green corridors within the sustainability appraisal due to the benefits they provide for flood defence, biodiversity and public amenity.

The draft SPD addresses the need to set back development from flood defences to allow maintenance. Green buffers and corridors are an option that development can incorporate to address flooding, biodiversity and public amenity issues, along with other possible solutions. The SPD will identify different types of solutions. The SA’s role is to identify the issues and outcomes that need to be addressed.

We would like to see a further indicator relating to waterways such as “Ecological value of river corridors”. This is also a good indicator of development impact on the biodiversity of the river corridor.

Southwark-specific data is not available on Thames water quality. It is therefore difficult to link water quality to the performance of planning policy in particular local areas. This indicator is more appropriately monitored at the regional level.

The criteria for questions you have set out relating to flood risk (SDO 14) are not appropriate. National policy does not encourage mitigation but emphasises the need to prepare SFRAs and use sequential test.

The questions do reflect National policy as they seek to reduce flood risk to development and avoid increasing flood risk by managing water-run-off. The companion guide to PPS25 identifies mitigation as an option where it is not reasonable to locate development outside flood risk zones (that is where the Exceptions Test needs to be applied). The critical questions for SDO 14 are realistic in the Southwark context where the focus is on managing residual flood risk given the existence of flood defences and the absence of functional flood plain. Regeneration and other sustainability needs mean that development will still need to occur in these areas, which are already highly urbanised. The SFRA currently being prepared will address this issue in detail. The appropriate response is to minimise risk through design and avoid development that will not be safe or resilient in the event of a flood.

New development will be expected to include a provision for adequate environmentally acceptable measures to deal with surface water run-off or discharge. SUDs can have many environmental benefits and planning for SUDs early in a project’s design is essential.

Noted. The critical questions for SDO 14 cover SUDS.

The Environment Agency requires discharge from the proposed development site to mimic that of Greenfield run-off. The discharge should be limited to that of the 1- year event, typically between 3 and 7 l/s/ha. Discharges for higher return periods can be calculated using the appropriate methods.

Noted. The SPD needs to implement the planning policy in the UDP, which requires no increase in water run-off from sites.

Attenuation should be provided to protect from the 1 in 100 year critical storm event.

Noted.

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The prior written consent of the Environment Agency is required for any proposed works or structures in, under, over or within 8 metres of the brink of main rivers.

Noted.

The SPD should have an explanation of how uses will work together to allow people to do more than one thing in the same area. Having a good mix of uses is a vital part of creating sustainable places and communities.

The SPD is not intended to focus on land use mix or transport issues, this will be covered by other planning documents, such as the Sustainability Assessment SPD and Transport SPD.

The SPD should show that the amount of development planned takes into account how much development is suitable for the site. This should take account of the various restrictions identified in the site analysis and the aims of good urban design.

The SPD will be used along with other planning policies and document to ensure that the scale of development is suitable for a site. This includes looking at the environmental impacts of a development as well as its impact on the character of urban areas and level of access to transport.

The SPD should balance a variety of design features such as solar gain, crime prevention and accessibility and explain the design decisions that are made. It would be very useful to explain the purposes of different parts of the site and placement of certain buildings or spaces.

The SPD should help explain that planned landscape design is based on a strategy for long term maintenance and management. It should explain the purpose of landscape design on the site and how this will be achieved and maintained, for example to create a natural habitat.

This is not the role of the SPD. The SPD provides guidance on how to improve the environmental benefits of development, including how building design and placement will have an impact. Other documents provide guidance on other issues that are all taken into account together during the planning application process. The Sustainability Assessment SOD will set out what information needs to be provided with applications.

It is important that the SPD makes reference to the provision of adequate utilities infrastructure to service development because planning obligations would not be used to secure water and waste water infrastructure upgrades.

This is not affecting the timing or targets for development, this is already established within policy. Issues of drainage are touched on….addresses the environmental issues and impacts and the related issues…..pollution….

Natural England – Responded 21 March 2007 Comment Officer response

Natural England broadly supports the policies that the SPD will focus on, in particular the policy in respect of improving biodiversity in Southwark is commended and supported.

Comment noted.

We are pleased to see the inclusion of PPG17, PPS9, The London Plan, London Biodiversity Plan, Southwark Community Strategy, Southwark Biodiversity Action Plan and the Local Implementation Plan in Table 4.

Comment noted.

The thirteen topics listed in table 5 seem appropriate and Natural England especially welcomes the inclusion of topic 10 – Open Space and Biodiversity, as well as topic 13 – Sustainable Transport.

Comment noted.

The twelve sustainability issues in table 6 seem appropriate and acceptable. Comment noted.

Any efforts by the council to maintain and enhance open space and Comment noted.

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biodiversity, together with access to nature, would be supported. PPS 9 will provide further useful information.

Any efforts by the council to improve accessibility and public transport take up would be welcomed and supported.

Comment noted.

Sustainability Objective 13 is supported. Comment noted.

There seems to be a typing error in table 7, with the statement reading “need to preserve and enhance built heritage and the archaeological environment” relating to the previous objective (SDO12). Natural England would suggest a rewording along the lines of the following: “Need to conserve and enhance the natural environment particularly in relation to Biodiversity.”

Error corrected.

Further information on biodiversity data can be obtained from Greenspace Information for Greater London (GIGL)

GIGL records are not yet comprehensive, relying on individual groups and organisations to collect data to submit it.

The council should give strong consideration to “green travel plans” produced as part of any new development, which can link in with SDO 16 and provide a possible indicator for the Council to monitor.

Noted. Policy 5.2 of the UDP requires Travel Plans to be prepared for development that is likely to have significant transport implications. The draft SPD will not be covering transport directly as a separate SPD is being prepared on this topic.

English Heritage - No response Comment Officer response

No comments.

APPENDIX 3: PLANNING POLICY The SPD needs to provide further guidance to the information in the development plan (see Appendix 1). The planning policy in the development plan that forms the basis for the SPD is as follows. London Plan Policy The London Plan, and the proposed Further Alterations, place an increasing focus on sustainable design and construction. The Further Alterations proposed a 60% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050; there should be a 20% reduction in emissions from new development through installing on-site renewables. Targets are also proposed for water use in new development. There is also a focus on decentralised energy generation, improving air quality, reducing waste going to landfill and increasing reuse of construction waste. The London Plan is supported by supplementary planning guidance covering sustainable design and construction and renewable energy. Southwark Plan One of the key visions of the Southwark Plan is that all development achieves or contributes towards sustainable development (Strategic Policy 1). This is echoed by other strategic policies which seek to protect and improve amenity and environmental quality (Strategic Policy 11), reduce pollution and improve environmental performance on buildings (Strategic Policy 12), promote the efficient use of land (Strategic Policy 14), promote more sustainable transport (Strategic Policy 18) and reduce the need to travel (Strategic Policy 19). All the policies of the Southwark Plan are aimed at creating sustainable communities that improve the quality of life in the borough without compromising the needs of others or the natural environment. These include those that deal with creating wealth and reducing poverty, good quality urban design and architecture, providing housing that meets need and ensuring development is accessible. Many of these policies are or will be supported by planning guidance, such as the draft Design and Access Statement SPD. The SPD will specifically provide further guidance on the policies in the Southwark Plan that relate to the environmental performance of buildings:

− Policy 3.1: no material adverse effects on the environment

− Policy 3.2: protection of amenity

− Policy 3.4: minimise energy consumption and CO2 emissions, apply energy hierarchy to design, undertake recognised assessments of energy demand

− Policy 3.5: generate portion of energy from renewables; at least 10% of energy demand for major schemes

− Policy 3.6: address air quality

− Policy 3.7: adequate and convenient provision of waste management facilities on-site, allowing the waste management hierarchy to be applied

− Policy 3.9: Incorporate measures to reduce water demand/recycle water, ensure no reduction in water quality, no increase in surface water run-off/sustainable drainage

− Policy 3.13: ensure good urban design, including enhancing biodiversity through landscaping

− Policy 3.28: include features which enhance biodiversity

− Policy 3.29: Development within the Thames Policy Area

− Policy 3.31: protect flood defences

APPENDIX 4: RELEVANT PLANS, PROGRAMMES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OBJECTIVES Document Relevant Objectives and Targets Implications for SPD

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Relevant Objectives and Targets Implications for Supplementary Planning Document

National

Securing the Future – UK Sustainable Development Strategy (2005) This is the overarching document for sustainability in the United Kingdom and sets out national sustainable development framework.

The Strategy introduces five principles of sustainable development, with a stronger focus on environmental limits than in the 1999 strategy:

• Living within environmental limits

• Ensuring a strong, healthy and just society

• Achieving a sustainable economy

• Promoting good Governance

• Using sound science responsibly

The Strategy sets the four priority areas for action:

• Sustainable consumption and production

• Climate change and energy

• Natural resource protection and environmental enhancement

• Sustainable communities

The SPD should be based on the themes and issues of the national sustainable development strategy. The SPD should try to achieve the government’s aims.

Department for Transport 10 Year Transport Plan (2000)

This sets out a vision for the UK of how transport should be; it provides detailed analysis of historic and predicted use of different types of transport statistics and sets out spending priorities and investment plans for UK transport over the 10 years. The main aims are to tackle congestion and pollution by improving all types of transport - rail and road; public and private - in ways that increase choice. This is called integrated transport: looking at transport as a whole matching solutions to problems by assessing all the options. To do this the government thinks that the public and private sectors need to work more closely together to boost investment. New projects to do this include should make transport better; safer; cleaner and quicker.

The SPD should try to achieve the government’s aims.

The UK Climate Change Programme (2000)

This programme has a target of cutting UK carbon dioxide emissions 60% by 2050.

The SPD should look at ways in which it can promote the achievement of the target.

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Building a Greener Future: Towards Zero Development (2006)

This document focuses on housing and presents the Government’s proposal for how the new Part L to the Building Regulations, Climate Change PPS and Code for Sustainable Homes can work together to achieve zero carbon development. Emissions from the housing sector need to be reduced by 30Mtc by 2050, to contribute proportionately to the UK carbon target. It is proposed that all new homes be required to be ”zero carbon” by 2016.

The SPD should provide guidance on how new development can reduce emissions. It should not seek to duplicate or require standards higher than the Building Regulations.

Urban White Paper 2001 This aims to stop urban decline by linking up initiatives on housing, planning, education, transport and law and order issues. The ways to do this are good design, improving prosperity, providing good services and helping people to get involved in their communities.


Communities Plan - Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future 2003

This aims to tackle housing supply in the South East, to improve poor housing quality, low demand in other parts of the country and the quality of public spaces and the local environment.


By Design – Urban design in the planning system: towards better practice. DETR / CABE 2000

The aim of this guide is to promote high standards in urban design. The central message is that careful assessments of places, well-drafted policies, well-designed proposals, robust decision-making and a collaborative approach are needed if better places are to be created.


PPGs / PPSs

PPS 1: Delivering Sustainable Development (2005)

PPS1 sets out the Government’s vision for planning. The main aims are promoting regeneration, regional, sub-regional and local economies, healthy, safe and crime free places, encouraging land to come forward for development, giving priority to ensuring access for all to jobs, health, education, shops, leisure and community facilities, promoting more efficient use of land with higher densities and reducing the need to travel.

The SPD should reflect the principles and guidance set out in PPS1, by ensuring that the design and construction of new development responds to the wider sustainability issues of the borough.

Planning and Climate Change: Supplement to PPS 1 (2006)

This supplement helps to formalise the government’s thinking that the infrastructure needed by communities should be built to have lower carbon footprints and should be designed to withstand the likely

The SPD needs to explain how new development can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas

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The PPS is intended to work together with the Code for Sustainable Homes and the Building Regulations to achieve zero/low carbon development.

impacts of climate change. Planning policy should:

• contribute to meeting the government’s target to reduce greenhouse gas by 60% by 2050;

• secure the highest viable standards of resource and energy efficiency and reduction in carbon emissions for new development;

• secure the fullest possible use of sustainable transport;

• ensure new development is resilient to the effects of climate change;

• sustain biodiversity, and in doing so recognise how it will be affected by climate change;

• reflect the needs and interests of communities and enable them to contribute effectively to tackling climate change; and,

• respond to the concerns of business and encourage competitiveness and technological innovation.

emissions and adapt to climate change taking into account the impacts that this will have on the local environment. Guidance should be provided on how new development can make use of both passive and mechanical design solutions, including renewable and decentralised energy supply systems.

PPS 3: Housing (2006) The Government’s key objective for planning for housing is to ensure that everyone has the opportunity of living in a decent home, which they can afford, in a community where they want to live. To achieve this objective, the Government is seeking to:

• ensure that a wide choice of housing types is available to meet the needs of all members of the community;

• deliver a better balance between housing demand and supply in every housing market and to improve affordability where necessary; and

• create sustainable, inclusive, mixed communities in all areas. Developments should be attractive, safe and designed and built to a high quality. They should be located in areas with good access to jobs, key services and infrastructure.

New housing should be designed and constructed in a sustainable way, to improve the comfort for occupants, reduce operating costs and allow homes to be adapted as the needs of the occupants change. Guidance should identify costs effective ways of improving the environment performance of new housing, without discouraging the housing needed coming forward.

PPS 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (2005)

Planning, construction, development and regeneration should have the least impacts on biodiversity and it should improve it wherever

The SPD should provide guidance on how new development can be

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possible. Plans and policies should promote opportunities for the incorporation of beneficial biodiversity and geological features within the design of development.

designed and constructed to protect and enhance biodiversity across the borough.

PPS 10: Planning for Waste Management (2005)

This aims to reduce waste by making sure re-use/recycling facilities are in new developments, and to manage waste as near as possible to its place of production because transporting waste itself has an environmental impact.

The SPD could provide guidance on how waste management facilities can be incorporated into new development.

PPG 13: Transport (2001) This aims to integrate transport and planning by promoting more transport choices to jobs, shopping, leisure facilities and services by public transport, cycling and walking and reducing the need to travel, especially by car. It requires developments that have a large number of trips to be in town centres close to major public transport, to use parking policies to reduce car use, to take the needs of disabled people into account and to improve design, to reduce crime and improve community safety.


PPG 15: Planning and the Historic Environment (1994)

This aims to protect historic buildings, environment and conservation areas and requires policies to achieve this.

The SPD should provide guidance on how good environmental design can be incorporated into new development in conservation areas.

PPG 16: Archaeology and Planning (1990)

This aims to preserve archaeology. The SPD should try to achieve the government’s aims.

PPG 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation (2002)

This aims to improve open space, sport and recreation facilities and ensure that there is enough land and water available for organised sport and informal recreation.


PPS 22: Renewable Energy (2004)

The use of renewable sources of energy, alongside improvements to energy efficiency, will make a vital contribution to the government’s aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60% by 2050, and to keep reliable and efficient energy supplies. 10% of UK electricity should be

The SPD should provide guidance on the types of renewable energy technology that is appropriate in the borough and identify how it

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generated by renewables by 2010 and 20% by 2020. Policy policies should promote and encourage renewable energy development, of all sizes, whilst addressing potential negative impacts.

can be incorporated in new development.

PPS 23: Planning and Pollution Control (2004)

This aims to work towards minimising the levels of pollution caused by development. The main issues are pollution playing a key role in deciding where developments that may give rise to pollution. A precautionary approach should be taken to land contamination. Sites should be investigated before planning permission is granted and remediation must reduce the risk to acceptable levels.


PPG 24: Planning and Noise (1994)

This aims to reduce impacts by outlining issues that need to be taken into account when deciding planning applications for noise-sensitive developments and for those activities; which generate noise. It also advises on the use of conditions to minimize the impact of noise.


PPS 25 Development and Flood Risk (2006)

This aims to avoid and reduce the impacts of flooding on people, property and the environment through good planning and management of flood risk. Flood risk needs to be taken into account at all stages of the planning process, and should be reduced through the location, layout and design of development, taking into account the impacts of climate change. Development in flood risk areas should be avoided, and should only be permitted if there are no other sites and the benefits of the development outweigh the risk from flooding. Use development opportunities to reduce the causes and impacts of flooding.

A Strategic Flood Risk Assessment is being prepared in parallel to the SPD. The SPD should set out guidance on how the design and construction of new development can mitigate flood risk and reduce the causes of flooding.

Regional / London

The London Plan: Spatial Development Strategy for Greater London (2004) The London Plan sets out the vision and a Spatial Development Strategy for London for the next

It has 6 main aims: for more buildings without building on open space, the make London a better city to live in, economic growth and prosperity, to reduce social exclusion, deprivation and discrimination, to improve accessibility and green space. Its targets are for:

• 45% increase in recycling/composting of municipal waste by 2015;

The SPD should try to achieve the Mayor’s aims. In particular, it should include guidance on how the design and construction of new development can contribute to tackling and adapting to climate change. This includes guidance

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15-20 years. • 95% recycling/reuse of construction/demolition waste by 2020

• No net loss of sites of importance for nature conservation

• Reduce CO2 emissions to 23% below 1990 levels by 2016

• Produce 945GWh of energy from renewable sources by 2010 The Mayor is proposing Further Alterations to the London Plan, which place an increasing focus on reducing and adapting to climate change and improving the impacts of new development on the environment. It proposed new targets:

• Reduce CO2 emissions by 60% by 2050 (30% by 2025)

• 20% reduction in emissions from using on-site renewable energy generation

• Produce 669Mw of energy from renewable sources by 2/02/0

• Maximum water use target of 40sqm per bedspace per year for new residential development

on using decentralised and renewable energy sources.

A Sustainable Development Framework for London. London Sustainable Development Commission (June 2003)

This aims to improve a development’s economic, environmental and social performance.

The SPD should try to achieve the aims of the Sustainable Development Commission.

Sustainable Communities Plan for London: Building for the Future (2003)

This document is part of a national programme of action setting out how the Government intends to achieve sustainable communities in London. The main challenges for London are to accommodate growth and to reduce poverty and deprivation. To do this the main aims are for more and better-designed and affordable homes, including homes for key workers. To improve public transport and other infrastructure to support the development of new and growing communities; to raise education standards and skill levels across the capital; to tackle crime, anti-social behaviour and the fear of crime.


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Sustaining Success: The Mayor’s Economic Development Strategy (2004)

The main aims are for investment in infrastructure and places, people, knowledge and enterprise and marketing and promotion.

The guidance provided by the SPD should not discourage investment and enterprise. It could also promote ’greener’ business.

London: Cultural Capital –The Mayor’s Culture Strategy (2004)

The main aims are to improve London as a world-class city of culture, creativity, access to culture and to make sure that Londoners get the best out of the cultural resources.

The SPD should try to achieve the Mayor’s aims.

Connecting with London’s Nature. The Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy (2002)

This aims to protect and enhance biodiversity in green spaces and improve public access to and appreciation of nature. New development should capitalise on opportunities to create, manage and enhance wildlife habitat and natural landscape. The GLA Biodiversity Action Plan has a target of reducing deficiency in access to sites of nature conservation importance. This is defined as areas more than 1.2km away from a site of metropolitan or borough significance for nature conservation.

The SPD should try to achieve the Mayor’s aims by providing guidance eon how new development can contribute to biodiversity in the borough.

Sounder City: The Mayor’s Ambient Noise Strategy (2004)

The Mayor's aim is to minimise the impacts of noise on people living, working in, and visiting London. The strategy considers noise from general traffic, freight and service vehicles, railways, airports, industry and general amenity, particularly noise sensitive premises like schools, universities and hospitals.

The SPD should try to achieve the Mayor’s aims. The need to minimise the impacts of noise will need to be balanced with other aims, such as allowing natural ventilation of buildings.

Cleaning London’s Air, The Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy (2002)

The Mayor’s aim is to improve London’s air quality to the point where pollution no longer poses a significant risk to human health. The Strategy sets out policies and proposals to move towards this overarching objective and identifies energy use and road traffic as the main air polluters in London.


Green Light to Clean Power. The Mayor’s Energy Strategy (2004)

The aim is to change energy provision and use by 2050 with a key target of CO2 emissions reductions of more than 60% of those in 2000. The ways to achieve this are to reduce carbon dioxide emissions

The SPD should provide guidance eon how new development can be designed and built to be more

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through energy efficiency, renewable energy, using less energy and preventing fuel poverty where people cannot afford energy.

energy efficient and reduce CO2/ emissions.

Rethinking Rubbish in London. The Mayor’s Waste Management Strategy (2003)

This sets out a strategy to deal with London’s waste problem. The main aims are to reduce waste, encourage reuse of materials and recycling and composting; improve recovery, treatment and transport of waste; work in partnership to set up waste infrastructure and new industry / jobs linked to recycling, education and promotion and to reduce street litter.


Accessible London: Achieving Inclusive Environment. Mayor’s Supplementary Planning Guidance (2004)

This provides detailed guidance on the policies contained in the London Plan to make places usable by everyone especially disabled people.


Sustainable Design and Construction: Mayor’s SPG (2006)

This provides guidance on the Mayor’s standards for sustainable design and construction and how these can be achieved in new development.

The guidance in the SPD should be consistent with the guidance in the Mayor’s SPG.

London Remade Demolition Protocol Report (2005)

This describes how demolition recyclate can be recovered with maximum value and how this can be provided as a high quality recycled material in new builds.

The guidance in the SPD should be consistent with this document.

Local

London Borough of Southwark: Community Strategy 2006-16

The Community Strategy sets out a vision and priorities for the Borough from 2006 to 2016. The vision is ‘making Southwark a better place to live, to learn, to work and have fun’. The strategy has five priorities for improving life in Southwark: tackling poverty, making Southwark cleaner and greener; cutting crime and fear of crime; raising standards in our schools; and improving the health of the borough.

These objectives should be the starting point for the SPD.

Southwark’s Unitary Development Plan: The Southwark Plan (2007)

This sets out planning policies and proposals to guide sustainable development in the Borough until 2016. Refer to Appendix 2.

These planning policies should be the basis for the SPD along with the community strategy objectives.

Southwark Local Implementation Plan (LIP)

This sets out how Southwark will improve transport. There are many plans making up this large document. These are: road safety, school

The SPD should promote sustainable transport, such as

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travel plan, parking and enforcement, walking, and cycling. The main aims are to improve access to sustainable transport, increase safety on our roads and on transport, improve transport facilities and the public realm, and increase integration of different types of transport.

reducing the distance that construction materials have had to be transported.

Southwark Waste Management Strategy: 2003 – 2021

This document sets out Southwark's program for achieving the waste management targets set out in the GLA Waste Management Strategy.

The document sets a target of recycling/composting 50% of household waste and recovering 75% of the value of municipal solid waste by 2020.

The SPD should explain how new development can reduce, reuse and recycle waste through its design and construction.

London Borough of Southwark: Enterprise Strategy: 2005 – 2016

Aims to:

• To build an entrepreneurial culture;

• To retain and support existing businesses and promote inward investment;

• To enhance enterprise opportunities in the key business districts and town centres;

• To promote a safe, high quality and accessible environment for businesses.

The SPD should have due regard to aims of the Enterprise Strategy and its implementation. There is potential to support local business by encouraging the use of local suppliers if materials.

London Borough of Southwark: Employment Strategy: 2005 – 2016

Sets out a plan of actions aiming to improve access to employment for disadvantaged communities in Southwark, by removing barriers to employment.

The SPD should not have a negative impact on local employment opportunities.

London Borough of Southwark Contaminated Land Strategy (2001)

This document establishes a program to identify contaminated land and water in Southwark, and to facilitate its remediation according to UK National Regulations. It makes a commitment to complete a desktop assessment of borough by 2006/07.

The SPD should promote the renewal of potentially contaminated land.

London Borough of Southwark Biodiversity Action Plan (2006)

The Southwark Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) provides information and guidance on protecting, managing and promoting key wildlife habitats and species within the Borough. The BAP sets out actions to address biodiversity, including:

The SPD should explain how new development can contribute to biodiversity.

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• Increase grassland, wetland and woodland habitat resources in Southwark.

• Ensure design for biodiversity is incorporated into new development.

• Address areas of natural deficiency by creating habitats for wildlife in parks and open spaces.

London Borough of Southwark Air Quality Management and Improvement Plan

This document relates to Southwark's application of the National Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2000.

The development of the SPD should take account the aims of the air quality management and improvement plan.

Southwark Housing Strategy 2005- 2010

The document sets out the following key objectives:

• Improve the quality of all homes and neighbourhoods

• Increase the supply of housing, in particular affordable housing

• Reduce homelessness and improve the standard of temporary accommodation

• Improve the quality of life for vulnerable people through housing support

• Deliver community-focused services

New housing should be designed and constructed in a sustainable way, to improve the comfort for occupants, reduce operating costs and allow homes to be adapted as the needs of the occupants change.

Southwark Climate Change Strategy, 2006

This document sets out a strategy for how the council will work with its partners to seek to reduce carbon emissions in the borough by 80% of current levels by 2050. This includes through the development of decentralised combined heat and power systems across the borough, as well as through making information available to the public on energy efficiency and through improving the efficiency of the council’s buildings.

The SPD should provide guidance on how development can be energy efficient, including how it should be designed so as to support the council’s preferred strategy for decentralised district heat and power plants.

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APPENDIX 5: THE EVIDENCE BASE (SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT)

The baseline environment has been described in relation to the 17 objectives that form the sustainability framework - the yardstick against which the success of the plan will be measured.

The table below sets out a description of the information contained in each column. Guideline table: Sustainable Development

Objective (SDO) Sustainable

Development Indicator Description

Baseline* Comparators and Targets

Sustainability Issues

This column outlines the sustainability goals against which the success of the plan will be measured.

This column sets out what indicators will be used to measure how well the plan is contributing towards Southwark’s sustainability goals.

This column sets out the current situation in terms of the relevant sustainable development indicator.

Sets out the relevant targets and any other national, regional, or local trends against which the baseline can be compared. The helps to put the baseline data into context.

Sets out the key issues in relation to the description of the baseline environment and the overarching sustainability objectives.

*All baseline figures cited are Southwark wide unless specified otherwise.

Sustainable Development Objective (SDO)

Sustainable Development

Indicator Description



Regeneration and Employment Opportunities: SDO 1: To tackle poverty and encourage wealth creation

Business growth: VAT registrations/ deregistrations per 10,000

2004: Registrations: 52 Deregistrations: 41 Source: Small Business Service

London 2004: Registrations: 59 Deregistrations: N/A Source: DCLG Neighbourhood Renewal Unit Target: To reduce the gap between Southwark and the

Business start up rate in Southwark is on average lower than the London region.

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Greater London Average. Source: Southwark Enterprise Strategy

Aggregate Index of Multiple Deprivation

17 most deprived borough in the country in 2004 Source: (Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004).

In 1993 Southwark was ranked 2

nd.

Source: (Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004).

Although Southwark has improved in its IMD ranking, it still needs to continually improve its position nationally.

Regeneration and Employment Opportunities: SDO 1: To tackle poverty and encourage wealth creation

IMD Employment Deprivation Domain (IMD 2004)

See Appendix 5 Source: (Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004).

No comparator or target available.

The central part of the borough is amongst the most deprived in the country in terms of employment.

IMD Health Deprivation and Disability Domain (IMD 2004)

See Appendix 6. Source: (Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2004).


There are high levels of deprivation, particularly in the north of the borough.

Health: SDO 3: To improve the health of the population

% area of the study area exposed to unacceptable noise levels.

Information currently not available in presentable format.


A borough wide noise map was not available at the time that this report was being compiled. However, http://www.noisemapping.org/ - is an online noise map facility that enables one to view noise pollution in Southwark. It highlights that there is a particular problem along strategic ‘A’ roads throughout the borough.

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes score of new development for Health and Wellbeing

This indicator needs to be developed

Social inclusion and Community Cohesion

Local people’s satisfaction with living

2005 All: 75% Female: 73%

Target: To increase the percentage of

There are currently similar levels of satisfaction across the borough.

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SDO 5. To promote social inclusion, equality, diversity and community cohesion

in their area. Aggregate by equalities groups

Aged 18-24: 79% Aged 65+: 83% BME: 72% Source: Southwark Residents Survey

households satisfied with the quality of places in which they live by five percentage points above the baseline year 2003/04 Source: DCLG, Public Service Agreement National Floor Targets

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes score of new development for Management


Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: SDO 6. To reduce contributions to climate change

Average CO2 Emission Rate of: (a) new residential development (DER) (b) new commercial development (BER)

No baseline information available. For (a) and (b) this has started to be collected as part of introduction of new Part L of Building Regulations.

To pass Building Regulations, the CO2 Emission Rate for dwellings needs to be 20% less than the emissions generated from a notional design of that dwelling. For commercial buildings, the reduction needs to be 23.5% - 28% Source: Building Regulations

The average household in Southwark consumes 21% more energy and produces 12% more CO2 than a standard 3 bedroom semi-detached house built to 1995 Building Regulations. (Source: Elephant and Castle Resource Flow Assessment, p2) It is assumed that all dwellings will meet the TER in order to pass the Building Regulations. An indicator could be developed to measure performance over the standards required by the Building Regulations. This could be through tracking the average BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes rating for energy of new development.

Per capita carbon dioxide emissions

(a) 6.7tonnes/year (b): 2.4tonnes/year

UK: (a) 9.7 tonnes/year

The total per capita emissions for the UK should be expected to be higher than for London because

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from energy use and waste disposal (a) all sources (b) domestic sources only.

Source: 2003 data quoted in the Southwark Climate Change Strategy

(b) 2.7 tonnes/year Source: 2003 data quoted in the Southwark Climate Change Strategy Target: 80% reduction by 2050 Source: Southwark Climate Change Strategy

there is little heavy industry, manufacturing and food production in London. However, Southwark’s lower domestic emissions are a result of its dwellings being more energy efficient than average UK homes (i.e. flats and terraced houses are more thermally efficient than detached and semi-detached properties). This data excludes emissions from the consumption of goods and services. Best estimates are that indirect emissions are around four times the amount of direct emissions

Total carbon dioxide emissions from energy use and waste disposal

Southwark total: 1.69million tonnes UK total: 577 million tonnes Source: 2003 data quoted in the Southwark Climate Change Strategy Target: 80% reduction by 2050 (Source: Southwark Climate Change Strategy) The domestic sector accounts for more emissions in Southwark than across the UK. There are less emissions from transport than across the UK. (This data excludes emissions from the consumption of goods and services).

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% energy sourced from (a) decentralised and (b) renewable energy sources

No data currently available. This indicator will need to be developed to monitor the implementation of the SPD and UDP.

Targets: GLA: Generate 14% of Southwark's electricity from renewables by 2010. Source: Mayors Energy Strategy, 2004 LBS: 10% of all development demand to be met by renewables. Source: Southwark Plan

In light of renewables targets set out in the Mayor’s Energy strategy and the Southwark Plan the need to improve the average energy efficiency of homes and encourage a greater proportion of energy needs to be met from renewables is significant.

Air Quality SDO 7. To improve air quality in Southwark

Number of days the concentration of (a) Particulate matter (PM10) and (b) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) exceeded target.

2005/06: (a) threshold exceeded on 13 days. Average annual level was between 31.5ug/m3. (b) threshold not exceeded. Average annual level was 58.4ug/m3. Source: Borough air quality monitoring stations.

Greater London Target: (a) PM10 levels: Not exceed 50ug/m3 on more than 10 days and annual average level of 23ug/m3 by 31 December 2010 (b) Daily NO2 not exceed 287ug/m3 and annual average level of 40ug/m3.

Particulate matter is considered to have significant health impacts. Average annual levels are based on the highest average of the three monitoring sites. The majority of Southwark is within a designated Air Quality Management Area. Given that there is a drive to improve ambient air quality from the Southwark Air Quality Action Plan, there is a need to consider how the SPD could promote development and regeneration without reducing air quality.

Air Quality SDO 7. To improve air quality in Southwark

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes score of new development for Pollution


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Waste Management SDO 8. To reduce waste and maximise use of waste arising as a resource

Municipal waste arisings (tonnes)

2005/06: 138,525 This represents an increase of 0.85% of last year's total, and 3.24% increase in household waste. Source: Southwark Waste Management Service

2004/05: 137,358 Source: Southwark Waste Management Service Performance Data Target: Increase in the volume of waste arisings by no more than 3%. Source: Waste Management Service

The amount of waste generated in the borough increased over the past year.


Percentage of municipal waste managed through recycling, composting, recovery of heat and energy, and disposed of through landfill.

2005/06 Re-use/recycling: 10.2%; Composting: 3.3%; Energy recovery: 23.4%; Landfill: 63.1% Source: Southwark Waste Management Service

2004/05 Re-use/recycling: 7.4%; Composting: 2.2%; Energy recovery: 34.8%; Landfill: 54.6% Target: In 2005/06 15% of waste to be recycled and 44% sent to landfill. Source: Waste Management Service London: 45% of household waste to be recycled or composted by 2015. Source: London Plan

Despite recent improvement in the borough’s recycling rate, Southwark has fallen short of its mandatory recycling targets for the past two consecutive years. Improvements to the rate have been correlated with the proliferation of recycling infrastructure suggesting that new development, particularly with housing, should incorporate integrated waste management facilities.

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Tonnage of construction waste, generated, collected and proportion recycled (aggregates and hardcore).

2005/06 (ii) 765.5 tonnes of inert material was received by Manor Place Waste Transfer Station for recycling Source: Waste Management Service

2004/05 (ii) 651.5 tonnes of inert material was received by Manor Place Waste Transfer Station for recycling Source: Waste Management Service Target: London wide: 95% re-use of construction and demolition waste by 2020 Source: London Plan

Data not complete. The amount of aggregates received for recycling grew last year.

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Code score of new development for Materials and Waste


Average annual potable water consumption (kL), by landuse type - (a) domestic, (b) office (c) retail.

2000: a) Residential - 160 litres/per capita/day; Office - 23L/per capita/day; b) Comm/Indust: 2.4L/sq.m/day Refer to Elephant and Castle Resource Flow Assessment (p6) (2004).

National Average (residential): 140Lper capita /day Source: Commission for Sustainable Development in the South East (Institute for Public Policy Research) - Water Resources Working Paper (2005).

Water scarcity is a particularly acute problem in the South East of England. Average water consumption in Southwark is estimated to be 160 litres – this figure is higher than the national and western European average of 140-150 litres). As such there is a need to minimize the impact of water consumption in Southwark as Southwark received the 5

th highest allocation of

houses to be built out of 33 London boroughs. More intensive uses, in particular residential, will put further pressure on what is already a scarce

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Source: OFWAT, 2004

Target: Maximum water use target of 40sqm per bedspace per year for new residential development Source: London Plan (Further Alterations)

resource.

Water Resources SDO 9. To encourage sustainable use of water resources

Level of water stress The Thames Water area is identified as an areas of serious water stress Source: Environment Agency Consultation Document: Identifying Areas of Water Stress, January 2007

10 other water company areas across England and Wales are identifies as serious.

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes score of new development for Water


Soil and Land Quality: SDO 10. To maintain and enhance the quality of land and soils

An indicator will need to be developed that is relevant to the proposed SPD

Quality in Design: SDO 11. To protect and enhance the quality of landscape and townscape

Number of approved applications submitting Design and Access Statements

No data available. Data starting to be collected.

100% of all applications

All planning applications will need to include a Design and Access Statement, which sets out how the design of the development has responded to its context.

Conservation of Historic Environment:

Extent of Conservation Area

Refer to Appendix 7. There are 39

Preserve and enhance the

Design in conservation areas will need to be sensitive to the character of the area. This could

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SDO 12. To conserve and enhance the historic environment and cultural Assets

(CA) and Archaeological Priority Zones (APZ) in the borough

designated conservation areas in Southwark covering 22% of the borough. There are5 known archaeological priority zones covering 14% of the borough Source: Southwark Plan

character and appearance of the historic environment. Source: Southwark Plan

limit to the type of sustainability design features that could be used.

Open Space and Biodiversity: SDO 13. To protect and enhance open spaces, green corridors and biodiversity

Access to nature: % population more than 1.2km from a SINC of borough or metropolitan importance

See map at Appendix 8 Source: Greater London Authority, 2006

Improve access to nature. Source: Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy

There are areas of the borough that do not have good access to sites of nature conservation importance. Design measures which provide occupants with experience of the natural environment will be important.

Change in priority habitats (ha) and species (numbers)

The 2006 Biodiversity Action Plan identifies the following priority habitats:

• Parks and Open Spaces (there is 26.4ha of conservation areas in parks in 2005/06. This represents an 11% increase over 2004/05)

• Woodland (4% Southwark covered by woodland

Increase grassland, wetland and woodland habitat resources in Southwark. Source: Southwark Biodiversity Action Plan

The BAP and the Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy also identify priority specifies, however no data is available at present on change in these species

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compared to 2% London-wide)

• Private Gardens (approximately 25% Southwark is covered by private gardens. No data is available on change in area)

Open Space and Biodiversity: SDO 13. To protect and enhance open spaces, green corridors and biodiversity

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes score of new development for Ecology


Flood Risk: SDO 14. To reduce vulnerability to flooding

Number of applications granted contrary to the advice of the Environment agency

2005/06:There were no permissions granted contrary to the advice of the Environment Agency Source: Environment Agency

No planning permissions granted contrary to the EA advice on flood defence and water quality grounds.

The north of the borough falls within the Environment Agency’s Flood zone 3a - an area of high-medium risk (1 in 200 years chance) of flooding from the Thames. It is primarily protected from this flood risk. Large parts of the borough are hard paved, which could present a flood risk.

BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes score of new development for Surface Water Run-off


Housing: SDO 15. To provide everyone with the opportunity to live in a decent home

Average Code for Sustainable Homes score of new dwellings in the borough

No baseline information available. This will need to be developed to monitor the SPD.

Target to be developed.

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Housing: SDO 15. To provide everyone with the opportunity to live in a decent home

Housing trajectory: (i) net additional dwellings completed between 1997 and the start of the reporting year (ii) net additional dwellings completed in the reporting year (iii) net additional dwellings projected to be completed between next year and 2016.

(i) 1997 - 2004/05: 11,473 completed (ii) 2005/06: 1,382 dwellings completed (iii) Projected dwellings between 2006/07 to 2016/17: 22,943 dwellings Source: Southwark LDF Annual Monitoring Report, 2005/06

Target: To provide 29,530 new dwellings between 1997 and 2016, at an average rate of 1,476 per annum. Source: London Plan

The borough is on track to meet this target. It is important that the delivery of needed housing is not compromised by requirements for energy efficiency and renewable energy.

Sustainable Transport SDO 16: To promote sustainable transport and minimise the need to travel by car

Estimated traffic flows per annum (million vehicle kilometres).

2005: 873m vehicle kms Source: Department for Transport

2004: 862m vehicle kms Source: Department for Transport Target: To ensure there is no growth in traffic between 2001 and 2011. Source: Southwark Local Implementation Plan

Southwark has an ambitious target of zero growth in traffic despite the anticipated 21% increase in the number of households by 2016. Last year, the amount of traffic grew.

Freight km by mode No data available No data available

X:\Planning policy\Supplementary planning documents\Sustainable design SPD\Scoping and sustainability appraisal\090122 Sustainability_Report_SPD2209CV.doc 52

APPENDIX 6 INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION MAP: EMPLOYMENT DEPRIVATION


APPENDIX 7 INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION MAP: HEALTH DEPRIVATION AND DISABILITY DOMAIN


APPENDIX 8 EXTENT OF CONSERVATION AREAS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRIORITY ZONES


APPENDIX 9 ACCESS TO NATURE

Pink areas indicate areas of deficiency in public access to sites of nature conservation importance Stars indicate possible opportunities to address deficiency. Map courtesy of Greater London Authority, Biodiversity Unit, 2006.


APPENDIX 10 COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES

Table 9 - Compatibility of SA Objectives

Objective SD

O 1

�� Compatible

SDO 2 ��

SD

O 2

SDO 3 �� 0 SD

O 3

0 No sig. link

SDO 4 �� 0 �� SD

O 4

SDO 5 �� SD

O 5

? Depends on implementation

SDO 6 �� 0 �� 0 0 SD

O 6

SDO 7 �� 0 �� 0 0 �� SD

O 7

SDO 8 �� 0 0 0 0 �� 0 SD

O 8

SDO 9 �� 0 �� 0 0 �� 0 0 SD

O 9

SDO 10 �� 0 �� 0 0 0 0 �� 0 SD

O 1

0

SDO 11 �� 0 0 0 0 ? 0 ? 0 0 SD

O1

1

SDO 12 �� 0 0 0 0 ? 0 ? 0 0 �� SD

O1

2

SDO 13 �� 0 �� 0 0 �� 0 �� SD

O1

3

SDO 14 �� 0 �� 0 0 �� 0 0 �� 0 0 0 �� SD

O1

4

SDO 15 �� 0 �� 0 �� 0 �� 0 �� SD

O1

5

SDO 16 �� 0 �� 0 0 �� 0 ��

Most of the objectives are either compatible with one another, or there is no direct link between achieving them. Sustainable Development Objective 6 (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy) and Sustainable Development Objective 8 (Waste Management) could potentially impact on the quality of our townscapes and the conservation of our historic environment. This is not to say there will definitely be a negative impact, but that the design advice we give relating to renewable energy infrastructure and the location of waste management facilities will need to address how this could have a visual impact. Table 10 - Coverage of SA Objectives

Objective Environmental Social Economic SDO 1 � �

SDO 2 � � SDO 3 � � � SDO 4 � � � SDO 5 � SDO 6 � � � SDO 7 � � � SDO 8 � � SDO 9 � � �

SDO 10 � � � SDO 11 � � � SDO 12 � � � SDO 13 � � �

SDO 14 � � �

SDO 15 � �

SDO 16 � � � Most of the objectives cover environmental, social and economic issues, either directly or indirectly. For example, Sustainability Objective 6 (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy) is directly aimed at reducing the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on the environment. However, there will also be social and economic benefits as a result of buildings being cheaper to run and the creation of a market for sustainable energy technology.


Appendix 11 - Appraisal Matrixes

A11.1 - Compatibility of objectives of draft SPD with sustainability objectives

Objectives of draft SPD 1. raise understanding of sustainable design and construction. 2. ensure that the environment is a consideration early in the planning and design of new development. 3. help reduce the costs of achieving good design and encourage better development.

Sustainability Objectives

Draft SPD Objective S

DO

1

SD

O 3

SD

O 5

SD

O 6

SD

O 7

SD

O 8

SD

O 9

SD

O 1

0

SD

O 1

1

SD

O 1

2

SD

O 1

3

SD

O 1

4

SD

O 1

5

SD

O 1

6

1 �� 0 �� 2 �� 0 �� 3 �� 0 ��

Legend � � � � Compatible 0 No relationship ? Depends on implementation X Incompatible

A11.2 – Comparison of impacts of SPD versus not preparing an SPD (relying on Development Plan without any guidance)

Appraisal matrix + Positive – Negative 0 Neutral ? Uncertain

+/- Minor +++/--- Major

Option A – SPD Option B – No SPD

Effect Effect

SD

O

S M L Commentary

S M L Commentary

1 - + ++ There could be short term impacts on cost of development as developers adjust to new requirements

? ? ? More uncertainty. Environmental features could be add-ons to development, costing more.

3 + ++ ++ Clearer guidance on how to reduce pollution provided. + + + Less guidance means more uncertainty of outcomes 5 + + + SPD will provide greater clarity and certainty – the ? ? ? Lack of clarity.


Option A – SPD Option B – No SPD

Effect Effect

SD

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S M L Commentary

S M L Commentary

community will have a better idea of what new development should be like.

6 + ++ +++

As knowledge and technology improves SPD should help enable more efficient and low carbon developments.

+ + + Less guidance means best outcomes possible may not be achieved.

7 + ++ ++ Clear guidance provided in reducing air pollution ? ? ? Not much guidance on air pollution provided. 8 + ++ ++ Clear guidance provided on waste. + + + There is a policy requirement for providing waste facilities, but

not much guidance on how to achieve this. 9 + ++ ++ Clear guidance provided. ? ? ? Lack of guidance. Policy in UDP is very general. 10 + + + Clear guidance provided + + + Existing policy and law provides good guidance. 11 + + + Improvements to biodiversity, air quality and reduction in

nuisance from light and noise will contribute to local character.

+ + + UDP has a number of policies aimed at protecting and enhancing the built environment, though urban design may not have same environmental benefits.

12 0 0 0 SPD does not focus on issues of conservation + + + UDP has a number of policies on heritage conservation 13 + ++ ++

+ Clear guidance provided on protecting and enhancing biodiversity and providing more natural forms of drainage.

+ + + Lack of certainty over approach to protecting and enhancing biodiversity.

14 + ++ ++ Clear guidance provided on reducing flood risk ? ? ? Lack of any guidance on flood risk. There is currently much uncertainty about this issue.

15 + + + Likely to result in homes that are cheaper to run and less polluted living environments

+ + + Many policies aimed at providing housing that meets need, though may not have the same environmental benefits.

16 ? ? ? May be some benefit from encouraging use of locally sourced materials.

+ + + Many policies on reducing travel demand and use of the car.


A11.3 – Detailed appraisal of the draft SPD

Appraisal matrix + Positive – Negative 0 Neutral ? Uncertain

+/- Minor +++/--- Major

Section 4.3 – Reducing contribution to climate change

SDO Effect Commentary

1 ++ Sourcing materials locally could benefit local businesses. Greater efficiency will reduce running costs of buildings. Also if carbon trading is introduced, efficient buildings will have an economic advantage in the long-term. Knowing what is expected up front will reduce costs. Reduction in costs will be felt over the long term.

3 ? Decentralised energy stations will need to be appropriately designed to avoid reducing air quality. If cleaner fuels are used, such as solar power, this would benefit air quality. Passive design measures will reduce need for mechanical ventilation and cooling making buildings more comfortable.

5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 +++ Provide specific guidance on meeting this objective 7 ? Depends on fuels used and requirements for filtering chimneys. Potential benefit. 8 + Encourages reuse of materials to reduce energy wasted in manufacturing new ones 9 0 10 0 11 ? The design of decentralised energy systems will need to be carefully managed 12 ? See above 13 ++ Indirect benefit to biodiversity by helping to reduce climate change 14 ++ Indirect benefit by helping to reduce climate change 15 ++ Will reduce running costs of housing. Potential improvements to air quality will improve

living environment 16 + Seeks materials to be sourced as close to site and possible

Section 4.3 – Improving air quality in Southwark


1 + Better air quality will make borough more attractive for investment 3 ++ Direct benefit to health from improved air quality 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 ? Potential conflict. Decentralised energy systems need to be carefully designed to reduce

impact on air quality. However overall benefits of more energy efficient buildings and energy systems should be positive.

7 +++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 8 0 9 0 10 + Indirect link. Less air pollution could improve soil quality by reducing pollution of rainfall. 11 + Indirect link. Better air quality will improve quality of urban environment. 12 + Indirect link. Less corrosion of buildings 13 ++ Less air pollution will benefit plants and animals and the ecosystem 14 0 15 ++ Improved living environment 16 0

Section 4.3 – Reducing water pollution


1 + Indirect benefit. Area more attractive to investment. Being clear about requirements should bring down costs of providing SUDs

3 ++ Improved health through better water quality 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 0


Section 4.3 – Reducing water pollution

SDO Effect Commentary 7 0 8 0 9 ++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 10 + Better water quality should improve quality of soils 11 0 12 0 13 ++ Better water quality will benefit ecosystems, particularly aquatic ecology 14 + Use of SUDs will have flood mitigation benefits 15 0 16 0

Section 4.3 – Reducing disturbance from noise


1 + Make Southwark a more comfortable place to work 3 ++ Reduction in noise nuisance will benefit people’s health 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 11 0 12 0 13 + Improved buffers to noise could benefit wildlife 14 0 15 ++ Improve quality of living environment 16 0

Section 4.3 – Reducing disturbance from artificial light


1 0 3 ++ Benefit to people’s health from reduce light intrusion 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 + Less energy wasted through lighting 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 11 + Improve quality of the urban environment 12 0 13 ++ Benefit to wildlife from reduce lighting spill 14 0 15 + Improve quality of living environment 16 0

Section 4.3 – Maintaining and enhancing the quality of soils


1 0 3 ++ Reduce risk to community from contamination 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 + May help improve ground water quality 10 ++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 11 0


Section 4.3 – Maintaining and enhancing the quality of soils

SDO Effect Commentary 12 0 13 + Benefits for biodiversity from better quality soils 14 0 15 0 16 0

Section 4.3 – Reducing amount of waste being created and ending in landfill


1 + Potential benefit by supporting green industries that recycle and reuse materials. And also waste management services.

3 + Indirect benefit from a reduction in pollution as a result of less waste in landfill 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 ++ Likely to be less energy used to manufacture new materials and transport them long

distances. Some waste can also be used to generate energy. 7 + Possible indirect benefit from reduced transport of materials. This will depend on where

waste is processed. 8 +++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 9 + Indirect benefit – reduced pollution of water from landfill and inappropriately stored waste 10 + Indirect benefit from reduced pollution from landfill and inappropriately stored waste 11 + Possible benefit from reduction in inappropriately stored waste 12 0 13 + Indirect benefit from reduced pollution associated with landfill and inappropriately stored

waste 14 0 15 0 16 + Potential reduction in trips associated with transport materials. However could be increased

travel associated with managing waste, though these likely to be more local.

Section 4.3 – Protecting and enhancing biodiversity


1 + More attractive environments promote investment 3 ++ Better quality natural environment will contribute to health and happiness of population 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 + Potential indirect benefit – natural areas can contribute to regulating urban temperatures.

Green roofs can also provide insulation. 7 + Increase plants will help filter air 8 0 9 + Increased plants will help protect water quality, particularly if incorporated into SUDs 10 + Plants could help breakdown contaminants in soil 11 ++ Improved environmental amenity and character from planting and wildlife 12 0 13 +++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 14 + Indirect benefit – natural areas will have a flood mitigation benefit, such as absorbing run-

off 15 + Improved quality of the living environment 16 0

Section 4.3 – Reducing water consumption


1 + Indirect benefit – lower running costs of businesses. Businesses more resilient to changes in water supply.

3 + Indirect benefit – more security in supply of water 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments 6 + Reduction in energy required to treat and supply water 7 0 8 0


Section 4.3 – Reducing water consumption

SDO Effect Commentary 9 +++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 10 0 11 0 12 0 13 + Possible benefit of making green spaces more resilient to changes in water supply 14 + Rainwater harvesting will have flood mitigation benefit 15 + Reduce running costs of housing 16 0

Section 4.3 – Reducing vulnerability to flooding


1 ++ Businesses will be more resilient in the event of a flood. 3 ++ Improved safety in the event of a flood. Better emergency planning. 5 + The community will be clearer about what is expected of new developments. Greater

awareness of flood risks 6 0 7 0 8 + Indirect benefit – more resilient buildings will result in less waste following a flood 9 + Improve water quality through SUDS and management of surface water 10 0 11 + More resilient urban areas less susceptible to damage during floods 12 0 13 + SUDs can have biodiversity benefit 14 +++ Provides specific guidance on meeting this objective 15 + Safer homes 16 0


Cumulative Impact of draft SPD

Section of UDP Commentary SDO

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 ++ + + + 0 0 + + + ++ The draft SPD is likely to benefit businesses and employment by creating more certainty

as to what type of design is required. Knowing this upfront should help to reduce costs. Also, there will be benefits in terms of reduced running costs.

3 ? ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ + ++ The draft SPD is likely to have positive benefits on the health of the population, by helping to reduce pollution and improving the quality of places.

5 + + + + + + + + + + The community will have a better idea of what is expected of new development. 6 +++ ? 0 0 + 0 ++ + + 0 There is likely to be a reduction in carbon emissions as a result of the draft SPD 7 ? +++ 0 0 0 0 + + 0 0 The draft SPD should help to improve air quality. 8 + 0 0 0 0 0 +++ 0 0 + The draft SPD will help to ensure that less waste is produced, and that the waste that is

unavoidable is managed properly and put to good use. 9 0 0 ++ 0 0 + + + +++ + The draft SPD explains how developments can be designed to use less water and make

sure water quality does not get worse. 10 0 + + 0 0 ++ + + 0 0 The draft SPD helps make clear the approach that is expected to contamination. 11 ? + 0 0 + 0 + ++ 0 + There should be a number of indirect benefits from the SPD as a result of reducing

pollution and improved landscaping. 12 ? + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 There may be some indirect benefits from the draft SPD as a result of improved air

quality. This could reduce corrosion of historic buildings. 13 ++ ++ ++ + ++ + + +++ + + The draft SPD is likely to have significant benefits to biodiversity by setting out clear

guidelines on how development needs to be designed. 14 ++ 0 + 0 0 0 0 + + +++ The draft SPD should help improve the approach taken to building new development in

flood risk areas and also in the way surface water run-off is managed. 15 ++ ++ 0 ++ + 0 0 + + + There is likely to be some indirect benefits from the draft SPD from reduced running costs

of homes as a result of energy and water efficiency, and also improvements to living environments as a result of reduced levels of pollution.

16 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 The draft SPD does not deal directly with transport. However is should have some positive impacts in terms of encouraging the use of materials that are sourced locally.


APPENDIX 12 GLOSSARY Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) An area designated for action where it is predicted that the Air Quality Objectives in the Council’s AQMA Plan will be exceeded. Archaeological Priority Zones The boundaries of Archaeological Priority Zones are designated on the Proposals Map. These are areas where there is potential for significant archaeological remains, and planning applications within these areas must accompanied by an archaeological assessment and evaluation of the site, including the impact of the proposed development.

Biodiversity The diversity or variety of plants and animals and other living things in a particular area or region. It encompasses landscape diversity, eco-system diversity, species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity. Conservation Areas An area of special architectural or historic interest designated by the local planning authority under the provisions of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation areas) Act 1990, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance. Greenhouse gases are those gases that contribute to climate change. In the UK, the most common greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, which contributed around 77% of the UK’s total emissions of greenhouses gases in 1990. Other greenhouse gases are methane (12% of total UK emissions), nitrous oxide (9%) and fluorinated gases (2.4%). Local development framework (LDF) is a portfolio of local development documents, which will provide the framework for delivering the spatial planning strategy for the area. London Plan A strategic plan for the whole of London produced by the Mayor of London. The main purpose of the London Plan is to ensure that all the individual plans produced by the London boroughs work together to meet the priorities that are agreed for the whole London region. The Local Development Framework cannot contain strategies or policies that are not in general conformity with the London Plan. Proposals maps illustrate the geographical extent of planning policies and designations Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) is a spatial framework for a region over a 15 to 20 year period including policies for housing, environmental protection, transport and waste management. The London Plan is the Regional Spatial Strategy that Southwark Plan Policies should be consistent with. Renewable Energy Energy derived from a source which is continually replenished, such as wind, wave, solar, hydroelectric and energy from plant material. Although not strictly renewable, geothermal energy is generally included. Renewable Sources See “Renewable Energy” Supplementary Planning Documents (SPD) or Guidance (SPG) Guidance notes, additional and supplementary to the Unitary Development Plan, on how to


implement the policies. They also contain background information applicants may find useful when preparing their planning applications. Sustainability Appraisal/ Strategic Environmental Assessment A systematic and interactive process undertaken during the preparation of a plan or strategy, which identifies and reports on the extent to which the implementation of the plan or strategy would achieve environmental, economic and social objectives by which sustainable development can be defined, in order that the performance of the strategy and policies is improved. Sustainable Development Development that contributes towards the principles of sustainabililty. That is, development that does not cause environmental damage, contributes to the local economy and meets the needs of the local community. Unitary Development Plans (UDPs) Statutory plans produced by each borough which integrate strategic and local planning responsibilities through policies and proposals for the development and use of land in their area. Southwark Plan See “Unitary Development Plans”


APPENDIX 13 ABBREVIATIONS AQMA Air Quality Management Area CABE Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment DCLG Department for Communities and Local Government DETR Department for Environment, Transport, and the Regions DfT Department for Transport DPD Development Plan Documents GLA Greater London Authority IMD Index of Multiple Deprivation LDD Local Development Documents LDF Local Development Framework ODPM Office of the Deputy Prime Minister PPG Planning Policy Guidance PPS Planning Policy Statement SA Sustainability Appraisal SINC Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation SCI Statement of Community Involvement SDO Sustainable Development Objective SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SOA Super Output Areas SPD Supplementary Planning Document SPG Supplementary Planning Guidance UDP Unitary Development Plan

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