Sustainable Construction Research - Micro Storage Energy Buildings
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Transcript of Sustainable Construction Research - Micro Storage Energy Buildings
MESB Micro Energy Storage in Buildings
Meetings on Sustainable Construction & Efficient Energy Buildings
Company Mission with Nord Pas de Calais
Prof P Hendrick
Ir G Oliveira Silva
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
WHY ENERGY STORAGE?
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
• RESULTS AFTER 1 YEAR
PUMPED-HYDRO ENERGY STORAGE (PHES)
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE (CAES)
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (TES)
HYDROGEN
ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES
• FUTURE WORK
2
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
INTRODUCTION
INTERMITTENT
ENERGY
PRODUCTION
IMBALANCE BETWEEN ENERGY
PRODUCTION AND ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
ENERGY
STORAGE
3
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS FOR ENERGY STORAGE • MANAGEMENT OF VARIABLE ENERGY SOURCES “VIRTUAL POWER PLANT”
• FREQUENCY CONTROL
• BLACK-START CAPABILITY ABILITY TO START-UP AND PROVIDE ENERGY WITHOUT EXTERNAL POWER
• LOAD LEVELING STORAGE OF CHEAP OFF-PEAK ELECTRICITY
• TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION STABILIZATION CONTROL OF REACTIVE POWER, FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE
• TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION INVESTMENT DEFERRAL
• AUTO-CONSUMPTION
4
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
INTRODUCTION
WHY MICRO ENERGY STORAGE?
5
• LESS STUDIED AREA • BETTER RETURNS ON INITIAL R&D
• PROMOTE PRIVATE INVESTMENT • LIBERALIZATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
• REPLICATE PHOTOVOLTAIC’S
SUCCESS • LOWER COSTS
• OPENING OF NEW MARKETS
• MAKE TECHNOLOGY WIDELY AVAILABLE
SEVERAL PROJECTS:
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
INVESTIGATE MESB FEASIBILITY, DEFINE
SIZING RULES AND MAKE FULL PROBLEM
PARAMETERIZATION
APPLICATION TO CASE STUDIES
PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
6
YEAR 3
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - PHES 7
200
600
1000
1400
0 200 400 600 800
Ele
ctro
me
chan
ical
eq
uip
me
nt
cost
€
20
12
/kW
Power kW
ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
For power<100kW: 1000< cost <1800€/kW
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - PHES 8
WATER STORAGE TANK
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
y = 3692x-0,398
10
100
1000
1 10 100 1000 10000
Co
st €
20
12/m
³
Volume m³
Steel
Concrete
Plastic
y = 100
T0+12 RESULTS - PHES 9
0
27
55
82
0
2000
4000
6000
10 100 1000
Co
st f
or
a 2
0 y
ear
life
tim
e
c€2
01
2/k
Wh
Co
st €
20
12/k
Wh
Energy capacity kWh
Water tower
200m natural underground
reservoir
20m plastic reservoirs in buildings
25m excavated reservoir
50m excavated reservoir
200m surface artificial reservoirs
Artificial surface reservoir
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - PHES 10
CONCLUSIONS • COSTLY FOR SMALL-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE (<1MWH) • BEST SOLUTIONS:
• NATURAL UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS
• ARTIFICIAL RESERVOIRS WITH LARGE HEIGHT DIFFERENCE (>200M)
• LARGE DIAMETER EXCAVATED RESERVOIRS (>50M DIAMETER)
QUESTIONS • CAN IT BE INTEGRATED WITH OTHER SERVICES (THERMAL STORAGE
FOR EXAMPLE)?
• GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES CONSTRAINTS • EQUIPMENT LIFETIME AND MAINTENANCE
• IN BUILDINGS: STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT?
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - CAES 11
100
1000
10000
0 1 10 100
Co
st €
20
12/k
W
Rated power kW
3-50bar
210-250bar
300-350bar
400-440bar
AIR COMPRESSORS/ TURBINES
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - CAES 12
1
14
137
100
1000
10000
0,01 0,1 1 10
Co
st f
or
a 2
0 y
ear
lifet
ime
c€2
01
2/k
Wh
Co
st €
20
12/k
Wh
Energy kWh
P < 80bar steel
200 < P < 250bar steel
300 < P < 420bar steel
300bar carbon fiber
COMPRESSED AIR TANKS
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - CAES 13
Compressed
air storage
Compressed
air vehicles
Intermittent
energy production
Compressed
air supply
Heating/
cooling loads
0,01
0,10
1,00
10 100 1000 10000
Vo
lum
e m
³/kW
h
Energy capacity kWh
225 bar
325/ 420 bar
50 bar
5
11
16
22
400
800
1200
1600
10 100 1000
20
yea
rs li
feti
me
cost
c€
20
12/k
Wh
Co
st €
20
12/k
Wh
Energy kWh
4h 50 bar
325 bar
225 bar
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - CAES 14
CONCLUSIONS • COST ACCEPTABLE FOR SMALL-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE (>10KWH)
• THERMAL MANAGEMENT MANDATORY
• HIGH-PRESSURES RECOMMENDED (BEST CASE: 225BAR)
QUESTIONS • INTEGRATION OF OTHER SERVICES (THERMAL, COMPRESSED AIR)
• GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES CONSTRAINTS
• COMPRESSORS REVERSIBILITY (TURBINE) • EFFECT OF PRESSURE VARIATION
• EQUIPMENT LIFETIME AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
• NOISE
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - THERMAL 15
SENSIBLE HEAT THERMAL STORAGE
y = 99x-0,193
0
50
100
150
1 10 100 1000
Co
st €
20
12
/kW
h
Energy kWh
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - THERMAL 16
CONCLUSIONS • VERY LOW COST (0,6C€/KWH)
• HEAT AS A BYPRODUCT
• PHASE-CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES (LATENT HEAT) UNDER DEVELOPMENT
• LOW GRADE ENERGY WHEN COMPARED TO ELECTRICITY
QUESTIONS • INTEGRATION ON OTHER STORAGE SYSTEMS (FUEL CELLS, ETC)
• OTHER TECHNOLOGIES: DISTRICT HEATING, UNDERGROUND • LATENT HEAT STORAGE
• EQUIPMENT LIFETIME AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
• HEAT ORIGIN
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - HYDROGEN 17
ELECTROLYZER
30%
50%
70%
1 10 100
Effi
cie
ncy
% (
H2
H
HV
)
Power kW
10
100
1 10 100
Mas
s kg
/kW
Power kW
y=37,3x-0,075
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - HYDROGEN 18
FUEL CELL
20%
30%
40%
0,01 0,10 1,00 10,00Effi
cie
ncy
% (
H2
HH
V)
Power kW
Stack
Fuel cell
y = 4492x-0,428
1000
10000
0,01 0,10 1,00
Co
st €
20
12/k
W
Power kW
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - HYDROGEN 19
5
20
35
50
65
10 100 1000
Co
st f
or
a 2
0 y
ear
life
tim
e
c€2
01
2/k
Wh
OU
TPU
T
Energy kWhOUTPUT
kin=kout
kin=2kout
kOUT=1h
kOUT=4h
kOUT=10h
kOUT=50h kOUT=150h
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - BATTERIES 20
y = 419x-0,1
100
300
500
0,0 0,5 1,0
Co
st €
20
12/k
Wh
Energy kWh (50%DoD for C/5h)
Sealed
floodedy=250
y = 4173x-0,32
100
1000
10000
1 10 100 1000
Co
st €
20
12/k
W
Power W
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - BATTERIES 21
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1 10 100 1000
Life
tim
e C
ost
€2
01
2/k
Wh
Energy kWh
Lead acid sealed
Lead acid flooded
Lithium-ion
4h
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1 10 100 1000
Life
tim
e C
ost
€2
01
2/k
Wh
Energy kWh
10h
Lead acid sealed
Lead acid flooded
Lithium-ion
Lead acid
sealed
Lead acid
flooded
Lithium-ion
4h 0,68 0,46 0,22
10h 0,61 0,39 0,20
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - BATTERIES 22
CONCLUSIONS • LOW COST FOR LI-ION
QUESTIONS • LIFETIME
• O&MAINTENANCE COSTS
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS - CONCLUSION 23
Cost (c€2012/kWh) Mass (kg/kWh) Volume (l/kWh)
Energy (Wh) 2k 10k 100k 1M 2k 10k 100k 1M 2k 10k 100k 1M
Tech
no
logy
Pumped hydro - 72 58 - - 37k 37k - - 37k 37k -
CAES - 11 9 8 - 88 88 88 - 106 106 106
Hydrogen - 40 22 12 - 24 19 17 - 102 101 101
Lead acid
flooded 54 46 46 46 53 53 53 53 24 24 24 24
Lead acid sealed 75 68 68 68 62 62 62 62 27 27 27 27
Lithium-ion 22 22 22 22 14 14 14 14 9 9 9 9
Thermal - 0,9 0,6 0,4 - 14 14 14 - 14 14 14
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
T0+12 RESULTS– PROJECT’S DATABASE 24
DATABASE OF EXISTING
AND PLANNED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
PROVIDING SUPPLIERS,
TECHNIQUES, COSTS,
ETC.
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
PUBLICATIONS
IRES 2013 8TH INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
STORAGE CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION
ACCEPTED POSTER
MICRO ENERGY STORAGE IN BUILDINGS 18-20 NOVEMBER 2013
BERLIN, GERMANY
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MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
SOME REFERENCES Key world energy statistics 2012. IEA. s.l. : IEA, 2012 Cost determination of the electro-mechanical equipment of a small hydro-power plant. Ogayar, P. e vidal, P.G. s.l. : Renewable energy, 2009. Cost minimization in micro-hydro systems using pumps as turbines. Alatorre-Frenck, Claudio. s.l. : PhD thesis, University of Warwick, 1994 California department of transportation construction costs database. http://sv08data.dot.ca.gov/contractcost/. s.l. : online, 2013 Maintenance History of Four Steel Water Tanks. Neumann, Walter e Newman, Wade. s.l. : Water & wastes digest, 2000 Feasibility of CO2 sequestration in abandoned coal mines in Belgium. Piessens, Kris e Dusar, Michiel. s.l. : Geologica Belgica, 2004 Novel approach for decentralised energy supply and energy storage of tall buildings in Latin America based on renewable energy sources: Case study - Informal vertical community Torre David, Caracas - Venezuela. Fonseca, Jimeno e Schlueter, Arno. s.l. : Energy, 2013 DOE international energy storage database. http://www.energystorageexchange.org/. s.l. : online, 2013 Project ADELE. www.rwe.com. s.l. : online, 2013 A trigeneration system based on compressed air and thermal energy storage. Li, Yongliang, et al., et al. s.l. : Applied energy, 2012 Pumps as turbines. A user's guide. Williams, Arthur. s.l. : Intermediate technology publications, 1995 Reverse running pumps analytical, experimental and computational study: A review. Nautiyal, Himanshu e Kumar, Anoop. s.l. : Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010
26
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014
MESB Micro Energy Storage in Buildings
Meetings on Sustainable Construction & Efficient Energy Buildings
Company Mission with Nord Pas de Calais
Prof P Hendrick
Ir G Oliveira Silva
MESB G Oliveira Silva
P Hendrick 21st January 2014