Sustainable Community Development: some thoughts Global Partnership Workshop: Research in...
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Sustainable Community Development: some thoughts Global Partnership Workshop: Research in Sustainable Community Development Center for Latin American Studies University of Pittsburg April 13-14 2007 Prof. Gilberto M. Jannuzzi University of Campinas and International Energy Initiative
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Transcript of Sustainable Community Development: some thoughts Global Partnership Workshop: Research in...
Sustainable Community Development: some thoughts
Global Partnership Workshop: Research in Sustainable Community Development
Center for Latin American StudiesUniversity of Pittsburg April 13-14 2007
Prof. Gilberto M. Jannuzzi
University of Campinas and
International Energy Initiative
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Contents
Energy as a cross cutting issue: urban and rural development
Basic needs, poverty alleviation and sustainability
Energy shaping future urban design Challenges
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Sustainable Urban Development?
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Electricity consumption around the world
From: Modi et. al. (2005)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Population without electricity access in developing regions up to 2030
From: Modi et. al. (2005)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Human Development Index (UN HDR, 2004) vs. Annual Per Capita Commercial Energy Consumption
For the poorest countries small increments in energy services boost significantly their living conditions
From: Modi et. al. (2005)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Traditional fuels consumption
From: Modi et. al. (2005)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Population without access to modern cooking fuels
From: Modi et. al. (2005)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Brazil: The saturation levels of LPG (% total HH)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Evolution of LPG demand: total and average per capita consumption (1990=100)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total LPG consumption
Percapita LPG consumption
Oil sector de-regulation
Ends LPG uniform pricing, subsidies and government control (partial and gradual)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Gender: time spent and transport burden
Highest burden on women: firewood, water collection
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Challenges Modern energy services needed!
1 billion people without electricity 2 billion people without clean cooking fuels
We have the technologies and $ to solve the above!!! Increasing urbanization in developing countries Increasing demand for “energy services” (direct and
indirect), leisure, mobility Serious implications: space design and climate
change Examples of implications to developing countries:
World’s demand for goods drives China’s growing energy demand and GHGs emissions
World’s demand for biofuels and bio-trade may distort developing countries domestic needs
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Aiming at sustainable energy system affects spatial design
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Aiming at spatial design affects future energy system
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Energy from “underground” → Small spatial claims
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Future energy supply increasingly surface bound → Large spatial claims
Source: Moffatt (2007)
Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Solar potential
Source: Moffatt (2007)
Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air
Wind potential
Source: Moffatt (2007)
Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Biomass potential
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Integration of energy-scape with landscape
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Storm Water
Integration of energy systemswith all other urban systems
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Distributed, Clustered, Interconnected, Integrated, Adaptable, Low-impact, Service-Oriented,
Multipurpose
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Multi-fuel
Multi-modal
Alternative Energy &
Transportation Hub
Source: Moffatt (2007)
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
Summing up Daunting task!! But possible.
Technologies, more R&D, more $ Combination public policies & market mechanisms Cooperation and integration
Sustainability means several things: Fight poverty increase material development Increase future energy security
Guarantee “basic needs” What other needs are “basic”?
Challenge: efficient system with net low or no GHGs emissions The build environment is key contributor towards a
more sustainable energy system Sustainable lifestyle to all
University of Pittsburgh 13-14 April 2007
References Moffatt, S. “Urban Efficiency: case study” presented at the
Workshop Scaling-up Energy Efficiency: Bridging the Action Gap. International Energy Agency, Paris, 2-3 April 2007. see also http://www.bridgingtothefuture.org/
Fulkerson, W., M. D. Levine, et al. (2005). "Sustainable, efficient electricity service for one billion people." Energy for Sustainable Development IX(2): 26-34.
Modi, V., S. McDade, et al. (2005). “Energy Services for the Millennium Development Goals”. New York, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank/ESMAP, United Nations Development Programme: 116.
Jannuzzi, G. M. and G. A. Sanga (2004). "LPG subsidies in Brazil: an estimate." Energy for Sustainable Development VIII(3): 127-129.
Goldemberg, J., T. Johansson, et al. (2004). "A global clean cooking fuel initiative." Energy for Sustainable Development VIII(3): 5-12.
