Sustainable Aquaculture, Certification and Market Access · Sustainable Aquaculture, Certification...
Transcript of Sustainable Aquaculture, Certification and Market Access · Sustainable Aquaculture, Certification...
Sustainable Aquaculture, Certification
and Market Access
CV Mohan & Michael Phillips
WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
Presented at the International Seafood Safety and Trade
11-12 June 2015, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Fish is a key element in food and nutritional
security (also a special food…)
Aquaculture
• Important to Asia and the
world
• Food fish supply
• Nutrition
• Employment
• Trade
• Income
• Diversity (in terms of species,
systems and scale) =
resilience
• SME dominated industry
structure
Aquaculture has emerged to meet fish demand Million tons
Sources: WRI (2014) FAO (2012a), FAO (2012b), FAO (2013), FAO (2014).
Future fish supply and Demand: Role of
Aquaculture
Farming of fish and other aquatic products will need to increase
by >60% by 2030 to meet growing demand (World Bank 2014)
About half of the demand for these foods is now met by
aquaculture
Asia accounts for the bulk (90%) of the present global
aquaculture production of 66 million tones (2012)
Today, almost 80 percent of global aquaculture production
comes from small and medium enterprises
Aquaculture baseline Projections for China,
SEA and South Asia by 2030 (World Bank 2014)
2010 2020 2030 % Change
(2010-2030)
Global 57,814 78,625 93,612 61.9
China 36,562 46,790 53,264 45.7
SEA 7,171 11,384 14,848 107.1
SAR 2,185 3,493 4,163 90.5
India 3,885 6,232 8,588 121.1
How will this massive growth be accomplished without negative
consequences?
Sustainable Intensification Pathway – Way forward?
Key Steps in analyzing sustainability and sustainable growth
and investment pathways……..
Step 1
• Identification of Drivers of Change
• Develop future scenarios
Step 2
• Aquaculture system characterization
• Future supply/demand modeled using AsiaFish
• Aquaculture technology options identified
Step 3
• Social/economical/ environmental outcomes of aquaculture development pathways assessed and Potential Blue Growth pathway identified
• Financing needs, business innovations and policy implications for future aquaculture identified
Step 1
• Identification of Drivers of Change
• Develop future scenarios
Step 2
• Aquaculture system characterization
• Future supply/demand modeled using AsiaFish
• Aquaculture technology options identified
Step 3 • Social/economical/
environmental outcomes of aquaculture development pathways assessed and Potential Blue Growth pathway identified
• Financing needs, business innovations and policy implications for future aquaculture identified
Step 1
• Identification of Drivers of Change
• Develop future scenarios
Step 2
• Aquaculture system characterization
• Future supply/demand modeled using AsiaFish
• Aquaculture technology options identified
Step 3 • Social/economical/
environmental outcomes of aquaculture development pathways assessed and Potential least impact pathway identified
• Financing needs, business innovations and policy implications for future aquaculture identified
Steps…..
Step 1: Drivers of change
Step 2: Future scenarios and
fish supply demand analysis
Step 3: Understand outcomes,
consequences and choices
Step 4: Investments
Drivers and uncertainties
Past drivers Future drivers
• Competitiveness in international
markets
• Increasing domestic consumption
• Feed prices
• Infrastructure and financial
support
• Skill of labor and technicians
• Climate change impacts
• Degradation and deforestation
• Water availability and quality
• Consumption patterns
• Purchasing power of consumers
• Increasing population
• Land and water spatial zoning
• Strategic planning
• Law and policy enforcement
Key uncertainties which will have a profound impact on aquaculture
Capacity and Infrastructure Technology Trade and Markets
Environment, Disease and
Climate Change Socioeconomic Development Policy and Regulation
• Seed and feed quality and
availability
• Increasing productivity
… and challenging environmental outcomes
- energy, land, feed ingredients
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Chan
ge
from
bas
elin
e
Cumulative energy demand
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Chan
ge
from
bas
elin
e
Direct land-use
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Ch
ange
from
bas
elin
e
Wild fish use
Chinese exports
Baseline
Rapid aquaculture expansion
Shrimp disease
Challenge:
Increasing
production
without increasing
environmental
impacts
Least Impact Growth Pathways?
• Widespread adoption of best practice
combined with new technologies reduces
footprint of carbon, water, feeds
• Sustainable intensification, less
expansion of land area
• Low impact species and systems choice
• SME oriented inclusive growth
• Processing efficiencies and recycling
• Regulations and policies
• Diversified production for resilience
• Carnivorous fish from wild fisheries
Advocacy and policy briefs to support
least impact pathways
Will Aquaculture Certification Progress Sustainability agenda?
Does aquaculture certification really contribute to
progressing the sustainability concept?
Very small volumes certified at present (only 4.6% of global aquaculture
production compared to 11% of total wild marine fisheries harvest
certified or under assessment)
Only high value species covered. Dominant species like carps not
seriously considered
Only commodities exported to developed markets covered. Emerging
Asian domestic market not really considered
Only better performing segment of the sector considered
Small scale sector very poorly represented
To deliver environmental gains,
certification programs should…..
• include small and medium aquaculture enterprises
• who account for the majority of global production
• keep up with growing demand for certified products in Asian
markets
• which are by far the largest consumers of seafood globally
• consider the wider landscape-level sustainability issues
related to feed, seed, habitat and water quality (e.g. Area
based management, Cluster certification)
• the present schemes have a narrow farm-level focus
Credibility, Comparability, Transparency….
• Public/Private Certification Programs
• FAO Guidelines on Aquaculture Certification
• Global Sustainable Seafood Initiative (GSSI) Global
Benchmark Tool
• Conformity assessments and benchmarking will ensure
comparability
• Equivalence and harmonization??
Role of Improvement Programs in
progressing the sustainability agenda?
• Improvement Programs (as stepping stones towards compliance to
certification programs)
• Fisheries in Transition (Fisheries Improvement Projects-FIPs)
• Market access/incentives to Fisheries committed to FIPs
• Credibility of FIPs?
• Conservation Alliance for Seafood Solutions has come up with
Guidelines for supporting FIPs
• Aquaculture farms in transition (Aquaculture Improvement projects -
AIPs)
• Market access/incentives to AIPs?
• Credibility of AIPs?
• No harmonized approach – what is a credible AIP?
• Market demand and need will drive a growth
in aquaculture
• Many positive outcomes possible
• Business as usual not an option
• Significant investment opportunities for least
impact sustainable intensification
Long Term Goal
Aquaculture needs to grow to meet future
fish demand globally
Identify least impact technologies that
can respond to future needs
Ensure reduced environmental impact
and social equity
Encourage inclusive, SME approach
Increase trade through linking smallholders to value chains
STANDARDS and Certification
• Inclusive and accepted
sustainability standards
• Increased penetration on
domestic markets
BETTER MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
• Inclusive dissemination of
existing knowledge
• Research and new
technologies for key footprints
MARKETS AND CONSUMERS
• Low impact species
• Consumers and nutrition
• Growth in domestic markets
CAPACITY AND AWARENESS
• Inclusive of all small and large
farmers
• Fish and nutrition
• Organizational development
FINANCING AND BUSINESS
MODELS
• Access to finance
• Investing in incubation and
growth of SME sectors
• Right mix - short vs long term
POLICIES AND
REGULATIONS
•Land and water regulations
•SME investment and growth
•Monitoring and compliance
Investment in key building blocks for
Sustainable aquaculture
“Blue Frontiers” interventions for
sustainable growth of aquaculture
• Innovation
• Regulations and policy
• Technologies and management
• Monitoring and compliance
• Consumers, markets.
+ Investment
Thank you