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Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Biofilm Membrane Filtration System For
Internal Plant Usage
Student : Sajjad Khudhur Abbas P81540 Supervisor: Dr. Teow Yeit HaanCo-supervisor: Prof. Abdul Wahab bin Mohammad
Research Title
By
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In Malaysia, oil palm is a very significant crop. In the worldwide, the biggest palm oil exporter and producer is Indonesia and Malaysia is the 2nd exporter and producer. the production of crude palm oil (CPO) was increased significantly from 92,000 tonnes in year 1960 to 17.6 million tonnes in year 2009, The process to extract the palm oil needs massive and huge water quantity to sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and clarify the extracted oil.
Palm Oil Production
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Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
95-96% of water
0.6-0.7% of oil
2-4% of suspended solids
POME highest sources
Clarifier sludge
hydro cyclone
sterilizer condensation
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POME impact
)Ma A. N., 2000 (
)Singh G. a., 1999 (
the stocks of local fish in lakes and rivers are declining
bathing and water sources turned into
brown colour smelt foul
Fresh POME
Acidic Colloidal Suspension
Hot
Brownish
High Solids Amount (40,000 mg/l)
COD (50,000 mg/l)
BOD (25,000 mg/l) ref
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Parameter Parameter limits (second schedule)
Unit
Ammonia nitrogen 20 mg/lOil and grease 10 mg/lSuspended solids 100 mg/lChemical oxygen demand (COD)
200 mg/l
Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD, 3 days, 30 °C)
50 mg/l
POME discharge Standards
ACCEPTABLE CONDITIONS OF Effluent DISCHARGE OF STANDARDS
refDOE
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Problem Statement
Briefly, the highly polluted wastewater is causing a severe pollution to the :
Waterways
Aquatic Habitats Impacted Human Health
Affected Aquatic Life
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POME biological treatment (by media) ‘ the process’
Swimming
Attachment EPS
Feeding
Decomposition
Treatment Process
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Biofilm treatment has many advantages compared to conventional POME treatment methods such as :
Features
Resilience To The Environmental Changes
Reduced Hydraulic Retention Time
Low Space Required
Flexibility In The Treatment Operation
ref(Lazarova V. a., 2000)
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Biofilm
Complex
Structured Community Of Micro-organism Cells
Densely Crowded
Adhered To Surface
ref(Takriff, 2014)
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the feasibility of integrated
biofilm treatment/membrane
filtration process in producing
recyclable and reusable water.
Objectives
To investigate :
the optimum operating
conditions of biofilm
treatment.
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Employing biofilm bacteria to treat POME to gain high treatment
efficiency and producing treated POME with possible low COD range.
Scope
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Media
Characteristics Black Media Hexafilter MediaAppearance
Material Polypropylene Polyethylene
Density (kg/m3) 0.888 1.034
Specific surface area (m2/m3) 450 320
Surface area (mm2) 1400 1460
Mass (g) 0.654 1.034
Height (mm) 10 12
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Process overflow
Biofilm Acclimatization
POME Biological Treatment
Membrane Treatment
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 270
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000COD vs Time
COD 'hexafilter' COD 'Black'
Time (Day)
CO
D (m
g/L
)
% reduction Day Hexafilter Black media
1 0% 0%3 44% 46%5 48% 50%7 53% 55%9 56% 56%11 63% 56%13 67% 56%15 67% 58%17 63% 60%19 64% 62%21 64% 63%23 63% 63%25 67% 55%27 67% 55%
Biofilm Acclimatization
COD vs Time
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 270.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016 MLSS vs Time
Hexafilter Black media
Time (Day)
ML
SS (
gm)
% Reduction Day Hexafilter Black media1 0% 0%3 (+) 24% (+)8%5 19% 13%7 46% 28%9 68% 50%11 72% 51%13 75% 55%15 78% 65%17 73% 74%19 70% 73%21 75% 75%23 80% 76%25 73% 81%27 74% 83%
Biofilm Acclimatization
MLSS vs Time
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 270
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000Turbidity vs Time
HexafilterBlack media
Time (day)
Tur
bidi
ty (N
TU
)
% Reduction Day Hexafilter Black media
1 0% 0%3 70% 73%5 82% 77%7 91% 80%9 95% 84%11 96% 90%13 97% 92%15 97% 95%17 97% 97%19 96% 97%21 97% 98%23 97% 98%25 98% 99%27 98% 99.5%
Biofilm Acclimatization
Turbidity vs Time
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 270
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Ammonia range vs Time
HexafilterBlack media
Time (Day)
NH
3-N
(mg/
L)
% ReductionDay Hexafilter Black media1 0% 0%3 64% 66%5 68% 70%7 70% 73%9 75% 76%11 77% 78%13 77% 78%15 79% 82%17 80% 84%19 88% 91%21 88% 90%23 89% 89%25 91% 92%27 91% 94%
Biofilm Acclimatization Ammonia vs Time
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Parameters Unit ValueCOD mg\l 4310Turbidity NTU 879.7pH mg\l 5.681MLSS gm 0.011Ammonia mg\l 380Temperature °C 25.1Dissolved oxygen mg\l 0.88TSS mg\l 4000
Hexafilter Black mediaProperties 24 hr. 48 hr. 72 hr. 24 hr. 48 hr. 72 hr.COD 2150 1740 2320 2480 2340 1860TSS 230 370 200 170 440 340MLSS 0.0032 0.0053 0.0036 0.0037 0.0054 0.004DO 0.6 0.77 0.95 0.86 0.59 0.74Ammonia 410 477 475 228 215 289Turbidity 98.6 137 69.33 90.65 168 113.52pH 7.149 5.791 6.125 7.959 6.957 6.003
Biological Treatment Stage
High COD range
Before
After
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Parameters Unit ValueCOD mg\l 1450Turbidity NTU 87.9pH mg\l 8.021MLSS gm 0.006Ammonia mg\l 101Temperature °C 25.7Dissolved oxygen mg\l 2.03TSS mg\l 290
Hexafilter Black mediaProperties 24 hr. 48 hr. 72 hr. 24 hr. 48 hr. 72 hr.COD 760 1130 850 690 910 1040TSS 140 420 405 340 470 410MLSS 0.0031 0.0025 0.0025 0.0035 0.0026 0.0032DO 1.88 2.49 2.71 2.38 1.79 2.57Ammonia 93 100 107 102 86 93Turbidity 140 122 93 130 111 76pH 7.258 7.422 7.651 7.654 7.973 7.855
Biological Treatment Stage
Low COD range
Before
After
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Properties\Technology Value UnitsCOD 923 mg/lTSS 409.5 mg/lMLSS 0.003 mg/lDO 2.6 mg/lAmmonia 98 mg/lTurbidity 80 NTUpH 7.81 -
Properties\Technology Value Standards UnitsCOD 19 200 mg/lTSS 0 100 mg/lMLSS 0.0003 - mg/lDO 4.44 - mg/lAmmonia 1.19 20 mg/lTurbidity 0.381 - NTUpH 6.473 - -
Membrane Treatment Stage
Before
After
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Black Media
Biofilm carriers at the 2nd day of the bacteria growth
stage
Bacteria growth after 15 days at the media surface
Bacteria growth after one month at the media surface
Footages from different sections
Footage (Black Media)
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Hexafilter Media
Biofilm carriers at the 2nd day of the
bacteria growth stage
Bacteria growth after 15 days at the media surface
Bacteria growth after one month at the media surface
Footages from different sections
Footage (Black Media)
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Footage (Treated POME samples )
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Discussion
Acclimatization duration
Biofilm Media
Biological Treatment duration
NANO membrane
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CONCLUSION
surface area
crimpy surface
narrow corners
Mixing
Moisture
NF membrane
Points
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1. Series reactors 2. Sedimentation system 3. Catalyst 4. Fixed temperature5. Deep reactor for biofilm growth stage 6. Short depth reactor for POME treatment stage7. Closed system8. Treatment age not longer than 24 hours 9. Using media with high surface area
Recommendations
Using :
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Q & A
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Thank You