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Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization Strategies
Follow-up Meeting
17 May 2012
Bangkok, Thailand
Report
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Executive Summary
On 17 May 2012, a Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization Strategy (SAMS)
Meeting was jointly convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural
Engineering and Machinery (UNAPCAEM) This May meeting served as an initial
follow-up to the SAMS Roundtable held December 2011 at FAO’s Regional Office
for Asia-Pacific. The Roundtable, which established a platform for increased
substantive collaboration and tangible action on SAMS between FAO and
UNAPCAEM, addressed the modalities in developing Sustainable Agricultural
Mechanization Strategies (SAMS) that can enable countries to achieve the dual goals
of intensifying agricultural production and achieving environmental sustainability.
The latter is particularly important for the Asia-Pacific region, which is already
beginning to face serious environmental challenges to maintain its agricultural
production base.
The SAMS Roundtable also created a SAMS Framework with the overall strategic
goal “To address the UN Millennium Development Goals No. 1 and 7 (food security,
poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability) through sustainable
intensification of agriculture by creating an enabling environment through a SAMS
for the Region.” This goal will be met through activities under five major strategic
pillars:
- Surveys, assessments and analyses of the current status of agricultural
mechanization
- Enabling policies and institutions
- Human capacity development
- Financial support to enhance investment in SAMS.
- Advocacy on sustainable agricultural mechanization.
The SAMS framework is not an end in itself but rather marks the beginning of a
long-term approach. Thus, this first post Roundtable meeting called on country
participants to develop an outline under strategic pillar 1. After a day of group work,
countries agreed upon 7 key areas to gather information on from their respective
country ministries including:
� General data
� Existing agricultural practices
� Machinery supply chains
� Policies that are relevant to/cover SAM
� Institutional linkages (intra-, inter-) SAM related
� Existing human capacity for SAMS
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� Emerging innovative schemes with implications for SAMS
The Meeting was attended by country representatives in the area of agricultural
mechanization from Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Papua
New Guinea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam,
with all countries agreeing to share and present their findings at the next SAMS
activity to be held in Sri Lanka from 23-25 October 2012.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary 2
Introduction 3
List of Annexes
1. Pillar 1 5
2. Meeting agenda 8
3. 17 May participant list 10
4. Project Concept Note: Mechanizing intercropping1 systems for
the sustainable intensification of agriculture and poverty reduction 14
Introduction
Why SAMS?
The development of sustainable agricultural mechanization strategies has an
important role to play in climate change and food security via reducing the impact on
fragile natural resources and increasing farming’s resiliency in the face of accelerating
erratic weather such as prolonged drought events. With a SAMS in place, a country
can choose the most sustainable path toward intensifying its agricultural production.
Agricultural mechanization is a key factor in the world’s ability to feed itself and
rapid mechanization in agriculture has allowed the sector to keep up with the demands
of population, particularly in the Asia-Pacific Region, despite the fact that the total
labour force involved in agricultural activities is experiencing annual declines.
However, current agricultural mechanization practices have increased pressure on
fragile natural resources, such as increasing soil erosion and promoting overuse of
chemical inputs, the latter seen in heavy utilization of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in
crop production typically resulting in significantly more nitrous oxide (N2O)
emissions from agricultural soils than that occurring from less intensive, low-tillage
techniques.
Mechanization also plays a role in enticing farmers to open lands that currently serve
as valuable forests and rangelands. In addition, the agricultural sector as a whole
consumes more than 70 per cent of the world’s total fresh water resources.
In short, the margin of error in our actions to address rapid recourse depletion, yet
feed more people than any time in the history of our planet, is narrowing rapidly.
1 The cultivation of two or more crops in combination in the same field at the same time is known as intercropping
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Coupled with increasingly erratic weather events, such as prolonged flooding and
drought, the task ahead for the agricultural sector is daunting.
Thus, SAMS should not be viewed as a strategy just for countries with low levels of
agricultural mechanization, but SAMS should also serve as an instrument for
countries that have obtained a high level of mechanization to adjust their mechanized
farming towards more environmentally sustainable intensive production.
At the same time SAMS should also provide guidance for stakeholders in SAM to
arrive at economically sustainable models for service providers in mechanization.
Annex 1: Pillar 1 outline
Reg.- SAMS Strategic pillar 1
Country-Level Surveys and Assessments of the Current Status of Sustainable
Agricultural Mechanization
Outline
1. General data
• Economic indicators
• Physical environment: soil and its importance according to the region, the
water potential, fertility, the yearly precipitation and temperatures and their
distribution throughout the year and according to region, days of work in the
possible fields per month, the zones bioclimatiques…
• Population: total population disaggregated by age, sex and residence
(rural/urban) and annual growth rate, projections, life expectancy, nutrition,
caloric intake, health, literacy,…
• Infrastructure status of road system, Railways facilities, Animal health
services
2. Existing agricultural practices
• Types of crops, cropping systems and agricultural practices related to these
crops (e.g. including intercropping – corn/oil palm, carrots/onions…. )
• Agricultural practices that are in decline and practices that are increasing
(sustainable and unsustainable)
• Farmer categories, farm size and labor availability
• Gender roles in agricultural production systems
• Level of mechanization in each operation (production, harvesting…..)
• Mechanization technologies (including Conservation Agriculture) suited to
specific agro-ecological zones
• Consequences of inappropriate equipment use
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• Machinery – type and size, scale, cost (including operating and servicing cost)
• General constraints
3. Machinery supply chains
Stakeholders
• Manufacturers of machinery (locally produced, imported)
o Scale of machinery production (number, type…)
o Sources of imported machinery (cost/$ value of imports; number..)
• Dealers and sub-dealers
• Service providers (custom hiring, financial services, repair and maintenance)
• Individual owners
• Extension agents
System of organization of stakeholders
o Individual owners
o Cooperatives (clusters, other types of groups)
o Manufacturing and supply associations
Inputs and Quality Management
• Spare parts
• Raw materials and components
• Testing and standardization
• Safety and quality control
4. Policies that are relevant to/cover SAM
• Agriculture and trade policy (including financial policy)
• Industrial and trade policy
• Environment policy
• Labor policy
• Land tenure legislation and land use
• Insurance
• Role of SAM in national agricultural development plans
5. Institutional linkages (intra-, inter-) SAM related
• Financial institutions
• Research and extension institutions, Universities, Manufacturers
• Private sector (importers and manufacturers)
• Public-private linkages (e.g. John Deere scheme)
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• NGOs
• Government (Extension institutions)
• Farmer Associations
• Testing and standardization organizations
6. Existing human capacity for SAMS
• Research and development
• Extension
• Testing and quality control
• Training (vocational, academic, short-term focused training on specific
topics)
• Technical specializations and multidisciplinarity
• Repair and maintenance
• Manufacturing
• Information dissemination and promotion
7. Emerging innovative schemes with implications for SAM
• Climate smart agriculture2 (environmentally sustainable)
• Equipment innovations (Mechanized intercropping - ag machinery adapted
for intercropping, flex-fuel machinery…)
• Payment of environmental services
• Carbon credits for no-till agriculture
• Biofuels and renewable energy
• Renewable energy and energy efficient equipment (solar energy, etc.)
2 FAO Climate Smart agriculture: http://www.fao.org/climatechange/climatesmart/en/
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Annex 2: 17 May meeting agenda
DRAFT AGENDA
Meeting on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization Strategies (SAMS) for
Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region
17 May 2012
Purpose: This Meeting brings together key country stakeholders and experts
on agricultural mechanization to discuss the modalities of advancing
Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization Strategies including developing an
action plan articulate a SAMS workplan, discuss complimentary activities
under SAMS and gain formal interest in conducting SAMS in individual
countries.
17 May 2012
8h30 – 9h00 Registration
9h00 – 9h30
Opening Remarks
• Mr. Hiroyuki Konuma
Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
• Mr. Josef Kienzle, Agricultural Engineer (Unit Leader)
Agricultural Machinery and Infrastructure Unit (AMI) Rural
Infrastructure & Agro-Industries Division (AGS), FAO
• Ms. Rosa Rolle, Senior Agro-Industry and Post Harvest
Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
• Mr. Eric Roeder, Economic Affairs Officer UNAPCAEM
9h30 – 9h45 Participant introductions
9h45 –11h30 Group work on developing an outline for pillar 1
Facilitators: Ms. Rosa Rolle, Josef Kienzle, and Eric Roeder
11h30 -12h30 Lunch
12h30 –
15h00
Pillar 1 group work (continued)
15h00 – Coffee Break
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15h15
15h00 –
16h00
Brief Wrap-up and discussion on the next SAMS Meeting in
October in Sri Lanka
16h00 –
16h15
Closing statements
• Mr. Hiroyuki Konuma
Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
• Mr. Josef Kienzle, Agricultural Engineer (Unit Leader)
Agricultural Machinery and Infrastructure Unit (AMI) Rural
Infrastructure & Agro-Industries Division (AGS), FAO
• Ms. Rosa Rolle, Senior Agro-Industry and Post Harvest
Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
• Mr. Eric Roeder, Economic Affairs Officer UNAPCAEM
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Annex 3: 17 May meeting participants list
UNAPCAEM and FAO Joint Meeting on Sustainable
Agricultural Mechanization in Asia
Bangkok, Thailand, 17 May 20123
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVES4
CHINA
Mr. Xiongbo Chang
Deputy Director of Agricultural machinery maintenance division
China Agricultural Machinery Testing Center
INDONESIA
Mr. Eddy Trijono
Head of AMTQI
Jl Pos Citayam,Bojong Pondok Terong, Cipayung, Depok 16431
MALAYSIA
Mr. Mohd Zainal Ismail
Director
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
Mechanization and Automation Centre, MARDI
PO Box 12301
Kuala Lumpur 50774
MONGOLIA
Mr. D.Galsanbuyan,
Head of Agricultural Machinery Division of the Crop Production Support Fund
Ministry of Food and Agriculture and Light Industry
13381 Zasgiin gazriin IX bair
Enkhtaivnii urgun chuluu 16 a
3 This is the first follow-up meeting since the SAMS Roundtable held in Dec. 2011.
4 Representatives from Bangladesh and India were unable to attend but did however submit research reports
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NEPAL
Mr. Shreemat Shrestha
Senior Scientist
Agricultural Engineering Division
Nepal Agricultural Research Council
Khumaltar, Lalitpur
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Mr. Nosare Maika
Position: Senior Scientist
Address: PO Box 1639, Lae, Morobe Province
PHILIPPINES
Mr. Delfin Suministrado, Director
Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center, College of Engineering and
Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna, Philippines
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Mr. Oleg Marchenko
Head of Department of All-Russian Research Institute for Mechanization in
Agriculture (VIM)
1st Institutsky proezd, 5, VIM, 109428, Moscow, Russian Federation
SRI LANKA
Eng. M.H.M.A. Bandara
Chief Engineer
Department of Agriculture
Peradeniya
THAILAND
Mr. Viboon Thepent
Senior Agricultural Engineering Specialist
Department of Agriculture
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Jatuchak
Bangkok 10900
VIET NAM
Mr. Nguyen Quoc Viet
Head of Department of Science
Training and International Cooperation
Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering
and Post-harvest Technology (VIAEP)
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No. 126, Trung Kinh Str.,
Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi
REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS
ENTAM
Dr. Agr. Sandro Liberatori
General Director
ENAMA - Ente Nazionale Meccanizzazione Agricola Via Venafro, 5
00159 ROMA – ITALY
FAO (Rome)
Mr. Josef Kienzle
Agricultural Engineer (Unit Leader)
Agricultural Machinery and Infrastructure Unit (AMI)
FAO Rural Infrastructure and Agro-industries Division (AGS)
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00153 Rome
Italy
FAO (Bangkok)
Mr. Hiroyuki Konuma
Assistant Director General and Regional Representative
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion
39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
Ms. Rosa Rolle
Senior Agro-Industry and Post-harvest Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion
39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
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Mr. Yuji Niino
Land Management Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion
39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
UNAPCAEM
Eric Roeder
Economic Affairs Officer
United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for
Agricultural Engineering and Machinery (UNAPCAEM)
A-7/F, China International Science and Technology Convention Centre
No. 12 Yumin Road
Chaoyang District
Beijing 100029, P.R. China