Sustainability Studio:Sustainability Frameworks. What is Sustainability?

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Sustainability Studio:Sustainability

Frameworks

What is Sustainability?


An official definition:

Use and development that meets today’s needs without preventing those needs from being met by future generations.

Brundtland Commission, 1987

see DITP page xxi


A casual definition:

Don’t do things today thatmake tomorrow worse.

see DITP page xxii




...for your kids




...for your grand-kids

Don’t Call it Green

Some are calling it Blue


Sustainability encompasses 4 domains:

ENVIRONMENTAL

FINANCIAL

SOCIAL(inc. CULTURAL)

PERSONAL


In business terms:

FINANCIAL CAPITAL

SOCIALHUMAN CAPITAL

ENVIRONMENTALNATURAL CAPITAL

PERSONAL


In terms of society:

FINANCIAL CAPITALMONEY

SOCIALPEOPLE

ENVIRONMENTALNATURAL RESOURCES

PERSONAL


They form a system:

MONEY

PEOPLE

NATURAL RESOURCES

YOU


see DITP chapter 1

So, we need to understand society from a systems perspective:

• Diversity = Resiliency

• Centralization

• Decentralization

• Competition

• Cooperation

• Vitality

• Stakeholders


see DITP page 6

Diversity = Resiliency


see DITP page 10

Centralization:• Optimization and Efficiency• Standardization• Economies of Scale• Coordination


see DITP page 10

Decentralization:• Local Expertise and Appropriateness• Higher/Quicker Response


see DITP page 10

Decentralization:• Local Expertise and Appropriateness• Higher/Quicker Response• Resiliency and Robustness


see DITP page 11

Competition:• Increases variety• Creates new—often better—solutions• Responds better to challenges• Responds better to change• Rewards better performance• Enhances innovation


see DITP page 11

Cooperation:• Creates Standards• Increases volume and scale• Spreads “best practices”• Increases likelihood of success• Stabilizes markets


see DITP page 11

Cooperation:• Creates Standards• Increases volume and scale• Spreads “best practices”• Increases likelihood of success• Stabilizes markets• Forms foundation for innovation


see DITP page 17

Stakeholders:

Government

Business

Individuals

NGOs

Courts, Departments, Lawmakers (city, state, federal, and international)

Customers, Fans, Teams, Groups, Communities

Employees, Distributors, Partners, Suppliers, Media, Investors, Clients

Organizations, Unions, Institutions


see DITP chapter 19

So, we need to understand society from a systems perspective:

• Diversity = Resiliency

• Centralization

• Decentralization

• Competition

• Cooperation

• Vitality

• Stakeholders

• Balance


Any questions so far on the following:

• Definition of Sustainability

• Scope/domain of Sustainability

• Systems Perspective

Sustainability Frameworks

What is a framework?


What is a framework?

A perspective on Sustainability that organizes our understanding.


What is a framework?A perspective on Sustainability that organizes our understanding.

What is a tool?



What is a tool?

A mechanism to use to measure or evaluate sustainable impacts.



What is a tool?A mechanism to use to measure or evaluate sustainable impacts.

What is a strategy?


What is a framework?A perspective on Sustainability that organizes our understanding.What is a tool?A mechanism to use to measure or evaluate sustainable impacts.

What is a strategy?A design approach to lessen the negative impacts of something.


These are the major frameworks:Natural CapitalismThe Natural Step™Cradle to CradleHolistic Management

see DITP chapter 3


These are the major frameworks:Natural CapitalismThe Natural Step™Cradle to CradleHolistic ManagementLCA (Life Cycle Assessment)Total Beauty™BiomimicrySROI (Social Return on Investment)Sustainability Helix

see DITP chapter 3


Natural Capitalism (eco-efficiency):

see DITP page 45

FINANCIAL CAPITAL

HUMAN CAPITAL

NATURAL CAPITAL

MANUFACTURED CAPITAL



•Radical Resource Productivity: Buy time using resources radically more productively•Ecological Redesign: Make use of Biomimicry•Service & Flow Economies: Redesign all products and processes for sustainability•Investing in Natural Capital: Restore Ecosystem Services•Whole Systems Thinkingsee DITP page 46

HUMAN CAPITAL

FINANCIALCAPITAL

MANUF. CAPITAL

NATURAL CAPITAL



•Human Capital: people & society•Natural Capital: materials, energy, stability & diversity•Financial Capital: money, profit, etc.•Manufactured Capital: materials, energy, & IP

see DITP page 46

HUMAN CAPITAL

FINANCIALCAPITAL

MANUF. CAPITAL

NATURAL CAPITAL


Sidebar: Types of Capital

see DITP page 49


The Natural Step:™

see DITP page 83

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS


The Natural Step:™Four System Conditions• System Condition #1: Substances from the Earth’s crust shouldn’t accumulate in the environment• System Condition #2: Substances produced by society should not increase in the biosphere• System Condition #3: We must preserve the productivity and biodiversity of the ecosystem• System Condition #4: Resources should be used fairly and efficiently to meet human needs.

see DITP page 84

ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS

SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


The Natural Step:™

see DITP page 84


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


Cradle to Cradle (eco-effectiveness):

see DITP page 51

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENTALNUTRIENTS

TECHNICAL NUTRIENTS


Cradle to Cradle (eco-effectiveness):

Concept & term coined by StahelPopularized by McDonough & Braungart• Eliminate hazardous materials• Consider the entire lifecycle• Materials should be upcyclable• Less Bad does not equal Good!see DITP page 52


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


Summary

see DITP page 102

MARKET(FINANCIAL CAPITAL)Corporate Strategy:• Governance & Management• HR Development & Corporate Culture• Operations & Facilities• Design & Process Innovation• Marketing & Communications• Partnerships & Stakeholder

SOCIETY(HUMAN CAPITAL)Multiple Potential Criteria

Issues:Fair/just distribution/use of

resources according to(whose?) values

ENVIRONMENT(NATURAL CAPITAL)• Ecosystem Services• Radical Resource Efficiency (min 10x)• Renewable energy and materials• Eliminate the use of toxic substances• Nature’s solutions can inspire our own• Maintain Biodiveristy• All Wastes are inputs for other systems.• Safe deposits of energy and materials to the environment are balanced with those taken from it

PRODUCTS & SERVICES (MANUFACTURED CAPITAL)

Sustainability Tools

These are the major tools:LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)Total Beauty™BiomimicrySROI (Social Return on Investment)Sustainability Helix


LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

see DITP page 66

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS



LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

see DITP page 67


Total Beauty™

see DITP page 86

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS



see DITP page 87

Total Beauty™

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS


EFFICIENT

SOLAR CYCLIC

SOCIAL

SAFE


Biomimicry

see DITP page 59

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS



Biomimicry

see DITP page 62


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


Biomimicry

see DITP page 63


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


Biomimicry

Self-assemblySolar transformationPower of shapeColor without pigmentsCleaning without detergentsWater-based chemistryMetals without miningGreen chemistryTimed degradationSensing and respondingGrowing fertilityLife creates conditions conducive to lifeDecentralization and distributed control

see DITP page 60


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS

Simple building blocksUse of feedback loopsRedundancyCyclic solutionsDiverse solutions


SROI (Social Return on Investment)

see DITP page 79


FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENTIMPACTS

It’s not just about the environment. There are a myriad of social issues:•Alcohol•Animal rights•Board transparency•Biodiversity•Chemical accidents•Child Labor•Cultural Impact•Death penalty•Deforestation•Drug support (legalization, trade...)




see DITP page 81


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


Sustainability Helix

see DITP page 93

FINANCIAL IMPACTS

SOCIAL IMPACTS


Operations& Facilties

Design Process

Innovation

HR Develop. & Corp. Culture

Stakeholders&

Partnerships

Marketing & Communication

sGovernance & Management


Sustainability Helix

see DITP page 95


SOCIALIMPACTS

FINANCIALIMPACTS


However, there are many other tools:LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)Total Beauty™BiomimicrySROISustainability HelixBlended Value

Integrated Bottom Line

LASER Manual

Footprint Calculators

(water, carbon, etc.)

Stakeholder Analysis

SA 8000

CSR

SOS (Blackburn)

Wheel of Change

Metrics (GDP, GPI, GNH, GRI, SRI)

LEED

FASB redefinition of Profit

Rethinking corporate charters (Corp 2020, B-corp)

Standards turning into Law: Mandatory Carbon Trading in the EU

Mention only:

SCORE

Factor 4 and Factor 10

SHINGO (Waste Minimalization/Lean Manufacturing) and other industry-specific tools

SIGMA (and other country-specific tools)

ISO 50001SOS (Blackburn)Wheel of ChangeCity Climate Protection ManualMetrics (GDP, GPI, GNH, GRI, SRI)LEEDFASB redefinition of ProfitSCOREFactor 4 and Factor 10SHINGOSIGMA

see DITP page 99

Sustainability Frameworks & Tools

Any questions so far on the following:

• Sustainability Frameworks

• Sustainability Tools

Sustainability Frameworks & Tools

How about some examples...

Which is better?

What does “better” mean?

Answer:How about no bag?

Which is better for the environment?

Toyota Prius Hummer H2



Manufacturing

Transportation

Use

Disposal



200K-300K miles?~100K miles?

Manufacturing

Transportation

Use

Disposal

Lifetime?

48/45 2008 EPA mpg (city/highway) 11/17 2008 EPA mpg (city/highway)

Answer:We don’t really know

Dust to Dust Cost per Mile:

Smart ForTwo Corolla Camry Civic Prius Hybrid Civic Hybrid Hummer H2

2008 0.583 0.748 2.167 2.867 2.191 2.943 3.6212004 NA 0.732 1.954 2.867 3.25 3.25 3.027

"A "Dust to Dust" study by CNW Marketing Research of Bandon, OR http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/


Paper Cup Ceramic Mug


Paper Cup Ceramic Mug

1-69 uses70 uses

71+ uses

Answer:It depends

Sustainability Strategies

These are the major design strategies:Reduce• Design for Use (Usability & Meaning)• Dematerialization (Materials, Energy & Transportation)• Substitution (Materials & Energy)• Localization• Transmaterialization• InformationalizationReuseRecycleRestore

see DITP page 103


Design for Use(Usability, Accessibility, Clarity & Meaning)

see DITP page 112


Dematerialization(Materials, Energy & Transportation)

Apple iPhone

Apple Keyboard

see DITP page 119



Apple packaging

see DITP page 121



Apple iPhone

see DITP page 122


Substitution(Materials, Energy & Transportation)

Mirra chair,Herman Miller

Less expensive,less toxic, andmore sustainable:

• Raw materials• Components• Energy sources

see DITP pages 128, 130

A ton of mined Bauxite turns into half a ton of aluminum oxide.

Ore takes a month to travel to the refinery.

Each ton of Aluminum Oxide is smelted into 1/4 ton of aluminum in Sweden or Norway.

Cans are created in roller mills in Sweden or Germany.

Aluminum sheets are punched and formed into cans, washed, dried, painted, lacquered, flanged, sprayed with protective coating and inspected.

The Sugar might come from beet fields in France.

Phosphorus is excavated from open-pit mines in Idaho.

The Caffeine might come from a chemical manufacturer

Sealed cans are inserted into cardboard cartons made of forest pulp from British Columbia

Cartons of cans are shipped to warehouses and supermarkets—84% of which are discarded after use.


Localization(Materials, Energy & Transportation)

Lovins, et al.

see DITP page 136


Transmaterialization

Zip Cars



Transmaterialization

Interface FLOR carpet

see DITP page 147


Informationalization

iTunes Music Store

see DITP page 152


Informationalization

Open Architecture Network, Architecture for Humanity

see DITP page 156


These are the major strategies:ReduceReuse• Design for Durability• Design for ReuseRecycleRestore

see DITP page 159


Design for Durability

Dyson vacuum

• Higher quality/longer lasting• Servicable/Repairable• Upgradable• Component service• Rental system (components and/or offering)



Design for Reuse (unintended)

Artecnica tranSglass vases

see DITP page 160


Design for Reuse (intended)Reuse of: Materials, Energy, Components, and Functions

Maille condiment jars



Design for Reuse (intended)Reuse of: Materials, Energy, Components, and Functions

Rapioli reusable shipping package



These are the major strategies:ReduceReuseRecycle• Design for Disassembly• Close the Loop• Design for EffectivenessRestore

see DITP page 181


Design for Disassembly• Product redesign• Labeled components• Uni-material components

Rickshaw Zero bag

see DITP page 184


Design for Disassembly•Use materials identification labels

•Avoid permanently attached, dissimilar materials

•Design for ease of disassembly (snap fits vs.

screws)

•Use only one polymer type per product

•Use only one polymer-color combination per

product

•If necessary, use compatible combinations of

polymers

•Avoid paints and lacquers

•Avoid labels or use compatible labels

•Choose high-value plastics

•Avoid density overlaps between different

polymers

From Eric Masanet,UC Berkeley

see DITP page 185


Close the Loop

Kalundborg, Denmark

see DITP page 199


Design for Effectiveness• Process redesign• Take-back programs• Eco-industrial parks/industrial estates

Rickshaw Bags



These are the major strategies:ReduceReuseRecycleRestore• Design for Systems

see DITP page 209


Design for Systems

Curitiba, Brazil

see DITP pages 212-215

Sustainability Development Process

• User-centric (design and user research)• Strategic/whole-systems-oriented• Integrating frameworks and tools into the process• Focused on innovation• Iterative/prototyping (experience, paper, working, etc.)


What business should we be in?

What should we make/offer?How should we make it best?


Measuring Results:• Testing• Labeling and Rating Systems• Molecular-based LCA• Tools• Regulation (a tool)


GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) —redesigned by Covive


Reveal Rating System: revealinfo.com


Declaring Results:• Green washing• Does your brand reflect these values?• Does your company reflect these values?• Don’t spend more declaring your results than the results themselves are worth• It may be easier to “sell” efficiency or health than sustainability


Summary/Checklist:

1. Provide More (value, meaning, performance) for Less (materials and energy)

2. Focus on Efficiency and Health

3. Use & Promote Local energy, resources, and labor

4. Don’t use PVC

5. Design solutions to be savored

6. Don’t spend more declaring your results than the value they provide

see DITP page 288


Next Steps:

see DITP page 296


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Sustainability Studio:Sustainability Frameworks. What is Sustainability?

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