Sustainability Assessment of Two Alternative Bio-energy ... · sustainability Results of the...
Transcript of Sustainability Assessment of Two Alternative Bio-energy ... · sustainability Results of the...
Sustainability Assessment of Two Alternative Bio-energy Forest Wood Chains with
ToSIAby
Wendelin Werhahn-MeesM. Lindner, J. Garcia, T. Suominen, T. Palosuo
07.04.2008
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1. The story and methodology
2. Results of comparison3. Discussion of results
The story and methodology
• equation of the presentation:
Pellet Chain(P Chain)
Pellet & Chipping Chain (P&C Chain)
Age 0
Age 30
Age > 85
The story and methodology
Bioenergy thinning Clearing by lumberjack
Difference between the chains
The story and methodology
P&C Chain P Chain
• Research objective
a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass for energy purposes on sustainability
b) greenhouse gas balance
c) social and economic aspects
d) potential environmental trade-offs
The story and methodology
• Indicator set
tons11. Average carbon storage in cut biomass
MJ10.4 generation from renewables
MJ10.3 electricity from the grid use
MJ10.2 non renewable energy use
MJ10.1 renewable energy use10. Energy
tons9.2 freight volume
tkm9.1 transport distance road9. Transport (road)
kg8. Maintenance of soil quality
tons CO2 eqv.7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
accidents6.1 Occupational accidents fatal
accidents6.1 Occupational accidents non-fatal6. Safety and Health
euro5.2 female
euro5.1 male5. Wages and Salaries
person a4.2 female
person a4.1 male4. Employment
MJ3. Total heat consumption
m32. Resource / Material use
euro1. Production costs
UnitsIndicators
The story and methodology
a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass on sustainability
Based on: � one reference year (2007)� a certain land area (1803 ha)
Results of the comparison
P Chain P&C Chain increase in %
318 737 595 078 875 604 318 1 6491 609 194
0,99 2,18 12063 126 1010 5 382 n.a.
9.1 transport distance 272 416 363 846 349.2 freight transported 1 679 2 822 6810.1 energy use 1 942 126 2 348 295 2110.2 heat generation 6 404 935 20 725 555 224
7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
9. Transport
10. Energy
8. Maintenance of soil quality
Indicator
1. Production costs
3. Total heat consumption
4. Employment
Unit
euro
MJ
person a
tons CO2 eqv.
kg
tkm
tons
MJ
MJ
a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass on sustainability
Total production costs
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
Pellet and ChippingChain
Pellet Chain
in E
UR
/MJ
Less costs per unit heat consumed in P&C Chain
Results of the comparison
Total production costs
0100200300400500600700
P&C Chain P Chain
in t
ho
usa
nd
EU
R
Total heat consumption
0
5
10
15
20
P&C Chain P Chain
TJ +10,8
+276
a) effects of additional extraction of forest biomass on sustainability
Results of the comparison
Similar energy use in both chains
Pellet Chain more efficient, (0,80 vs. 0,88)
Chipping strongly increases the heat generation, > 3 times
Energy generation, use and consumption by chain
0
5
10
15
20
25
P&C Chain P Chain
in T
JTotal energy use
Total energygenerationTotal heatconsumption
10,8 TJ
0,4 TJ
a), b) & c) greenhouse gas balance and social aspects
Results of the comparison
Total transport distances
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P&C Chain P Chain
in t
ho
usa
nd
tkm
/TJ
Total freight volume transported
0
50
100
150200
250
300
350
P&C Chain P Chain
in t
/TJ
Total greenhouse gas emissions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
P&C Chain P Chain
ton
s o
f C
O2
eqv.
/TJ
Total employment
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
P&C Chain P Chain
per
son
yea
r> + 3+ 1,2
> 25 + 130
d) The potential trade-offs
Results of the comparison
Total nutrients extraction
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
P&C Chain P Chain
ton
s
Average carbon storage in cut biomass
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P&C Chain P Chain
ton
s
5,3
0
44
• Constraints of the pellet production– High energy use– High transport distance, freight volume– Greenhouse gas emissions balance
Discussion of results
3 X 2 X 9 vs. 6
pellets high energy density
���Soil maint.
��Costs
��Energy bal.
��Employment
��GHG bal.
P ChainP & C ChainIndicator
Discussion of results
Summary of results
Conclusion & achievements
• Chipping adds socio-economic
advantages on sustainability
• Nutrient extraction possible constraint
• Basis for evaluation methods e.g.
MCA
• Proved unique energy efficiency ratio
Thank you for your attention