WATERBleach:

Ordinary household bleach (such as Clorox) in the US contains 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) and can be used to purify water if it contains no other active ingredients, scents, or colorings. Bleach is far from an ideal source due to its bulkiness (only 5% active ingredient), and the instability over time of the chlorine content in bleach. Chlorine loss is farther increased by agitation or exposure to air. One source claims chlorine loss from a 5% solution at 10% over 6 months if stored at 70deg F. Nevertheless, this may

be the only chemical means available to purify water, and it is far better than nothing. Normal dosage is 8 drops (0.4 ml) per gallon. Allow the treated water to sit for 30 min., and if there isn't a slight chlorine smell, retreat. Note: USP standard medicine droppers are designed to dispense 0.045 -0.055 ml per drop. Use of other solvents or some chemicals can change this. The dropper can be calibrated against a graduated cylinder for greater accuracy.

Pool Shock as a Water Purifier – TopicShock is 60-70% chlorine, while household bleach is 5-6%.

The Australian Health Department recommends 7 grams of dry shock or 40ml of liquid per 1000 liters. So .007 grams of powder or .04ml of liquid per liter.

You'd need a 40 or 50 gallon tank to require an easily measurable ammount.

Calcium HypochloriteFor granular calcium hypochlorite, 1oz = 50ml = 10.1 teaspoons

To treat clear raw water with 65-70% calcium hypochlorite there are a couple of ways to do it. If you want to directly treat the water with calcium hypochlorite use the following:

1 Gallon: add one grain, about the size of the period at the end of this sentence.55 Gallons: add 1/8 teaspoon for a 5ppm solution.400 Gallons: add 1 level teaspoon for a 5ppm solution.

To make a 5% chlorine solution to be able to use the drop method for disinfecting water, add and dissolve add ½ teaspoon of 65-70% calcium hypochlorite to ¾ cup of water. This will decay at the same rate of purchased 5.25% bleach so don’t make more than you will use in a fairly short time.

Calcium Hypochlorite 2Add and dissolve one heaping teaspoon of high-test granular calcium hypochlorite (HTH) (approximately 1/4 ounce) for each two gallons of water. The mixture will produce a chlorine solution of approximately 500 mg/L, since the calcium hypochlorite has an available chlorine equal to 70 percent of its weight. To disinfect water, add the chlorine solution in the ratio of one part of chlorine solution to each 100 parts of water to be treated. This is roughly equal to adding 1 pint (16 oz.) of stock chlorine to each 12.5 gallons of water to be disinfected. To remove any objectionable chlorine odor, aerate the water as described above.

SODIS

Available Chlorine Drops per Quart

1% 10

4-6% 2

7-10% 1

Iodine Preparations

Preparation Iodine Amount/Liter

Iodine Topical Solution 2% 8 drops

Iodine Tincture 2% 8 drops

Lugol's Solution 5% 4 drops

Povidone-Iodine (Betadine) 10% 4 drops

Tetraglycine hydroperiodide(GlobalinePotable Aqua EDWGT) 8 mg 1 tablet

The container needs to be exposed to the sun for 6 hours if the sky is bright or up to 50% cloudy. The container needs to be exposed to the sun for 2 consecutive days if the sky is 100% cloudy. If a water temperature of at least 50°C is reached, an exposure time of 1 hour is sufficient. The most favourable region for SODIS lies between latitudes 15°N/ S and 35°N/ S

How to Make Dakin's SolutionSupplies:

Sodium hypochlorite solution 5.25% Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) Clean tap water Clean pan with lid Sterile measuring cup and spoons

Making the Solution:1. Wash your hands well with soap and water.2. Gather your supplies.3. Measure out 32 ounces (4 cups) of tap water. Pour into the clean pan.4. Boil water for 15 minutes with the lid on the pan. Remove from heat.5. Using a sterile measuring spoon, add ½ teaspoonful of baking soda to the boiled water.6. Your doctor may prescribe one of several strengths. Measure bleach according to the chart and add to the

water also:

Rehydration4 packets of salt (3 grams); 4 packets of sugar (14.16 grams) in a liter of water is surprisingly close to the ideal ratio.

Reduced Osmolarity ORS grams/litre

Sodium chloride 2.6

Glucose, anhydrous 13.5

Potassium chloride 1.5

Trisodium citrate, dihydrate 2.9

1 quart water 1 cup orange juice 1 teaspoon table salt 1 teaspoon baking soda 4 tablespoons sugar

Strength Clorox Water

Full 3 oz. (or 95 ml) 32 oz.

1/2 3 Tbsp+½ tsp (or 48 ml) 32 oz.

1/4 1 Tbsp+2 tsp. (or 24 ml) 32 oz.

1/8 2½ tsp. (or 14-12 ml) 32 oz.

1/2 tsp. baking soda 1/2 tsp. table salt 1/2 tsp. potassium salt 3 tsp. sugar (or flavored kool-

aid, not sugar free) Mix it all with 1 liter water.

1 liter (about 1 quart) water (clean/ purified)1/4 tsp salt sodium chloride (Nacl)1/4 tsp lite salt Morton Lite salt (this adds potassium K+ for cell/ muscle function)1/4 tsp baking soda this adds sodium bicarbonate (the buffer that manages blood/body PH)2 1/2 tablespoons sugar (adds energy for cell activity)2 scoops Countrytime Lemonade (adds flavor/taste)

Simple Oral Rehydration Solution Six (6) level teaspoons of Sugar Half (1/2) level teaspoon of Salt One Litre of clean drinking or boiled water and then cooled

Effective homemade remedy for watery diarrhea 1/2 to 1 cup precooked baby rice cereal or 1½ tablespoons of granulated sugar 2 cups of water 1/2 tsp. salt

Instructions:

Mix well the rice cereal (or sugar), water, and salt together until the mixture thickens but is not too thick to drink.

Give the mixture often by spoon and offer the child as much as he or she will accept (every minute if the child will take it).

Continue giving the mixture with the goal of replacing the fluid lost: one cup lost, give a cup. Even if the child is vomiting, the mixture can be offered in small amounts (2-1 tsp.) every few minutes or so

Banana or other non-sweetened mashed fruit can help provide potassium. Continue feeding children when they are sick and to continue breastfeeding if the child is being breastfed.

SOAP MAKINGPrimitive

Ashes Of A Wooden Fire Fat A Pan

Heat (don't burn - be carefull) the fat in a pan. Stir in ashes. Pour the broth into some moulds/molds and let sit. That's about it. The quantities of the ingredients depend on the quality of the fat or the ashes. Just try - won't be that difficult.

Basic A small plastic dishpan, about 10" x 12" A glass or enamel 2-quart saucepan 1 can of lye (sodium hydroxide), 12 ounces 3 pounds of lard Plastic gloves [really; use eye-protection too] water

1. Pour 3 cups of very cold water (refrigerate water overnight first) into the 2-quart saucepan.

2. Slowly and carefully add the lye, a little bit at a time, stirring it with the a wooden or plastic utensil. (Use plastic gloves for this; test them for holes first.) Do not breathe the vapor or lean over the container or have children nearby. Above all _use no metal_. The mixture will get very hot. In olden days, a sassafras branch was used to stir, imparting a fragrance and insect deterrent for mosquitoes, lice, fleas and ticks.

3. Let cool at least one hour in a safe place. Meanwhile, the unwrapped lard should be warming up to room temperature in the plastic dishpan.

4. Slowly and carefully, pour the lye solution into the dishpan with the lard. The lard will melt. Mix thoroughly, at least 15 minutes, until it looks like thick pudding.

5. Let it set until the next morning, then cut it into bars. It will get harder after a few days. Then package.

If you wish to make soap based on olive oil, use about 48 ounces. It may need to harden for a week.

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4 ID None

Permits distinction between Micro A and Micro B connectors - A connected to ground, B not connected

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Signal Ground

Emergency FrequenciesCB Channel 9 Aircraft use 121.5 and 243.0 MHzShips use 2182 KHz., 156.18 (VHF Channel 16), and also 14300 KHz. (Maritime Net)

The Overhand Knot The (Flemish) Eight

Figure-of-nine

The Bowline

Double Figure-of-eight loop.

The Alpine Butterfly or Lineman's Loop

The Sheet Bend

The True Lovers or Fishermans's Knot

Tautline Hitch The Cow Hitch

Marline Hitch or Single Hitch

The Constrictor Hitch

Yosemite Bowline