Survey of Organisms in Microbiology
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Transcript of Survey of Organisms in Microbiology
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Survey of Organisms in Microbiology
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Taxonomy of infectious agents and parasites
Kingdoms example of organisms included
Monera bacteria
Protista protists, protozoa
Fungi molds, yeasts
Animalia helminthes, arthropods
Non-living agents
Viruses vary by nucleic acid type, capsid and envelope
Prions vary by tertiary structure and AA sequence
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BacteriaGroup Example GenusGram positive bacteria
High GC MycobacteriumLow GC Bacillus
Proteobacteriaalpha Rickettsiabeta Bordetellagamma Escerichiadeltaepsilon Helicobacter
Spirochaetes BorreliaOther groups
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ProtistsGroup Common name Example
Mastigophora flagellates Giardia
Apicomplexa sporozoans Plasmodium
Sarcodina amoebas Entamoeba
Ciliophora ciliates Balantidium
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Deuteromycota- fungi imperfecta
Ascomycota- sac fungi
Although many are multicellular, some fungi (yeasts) are unicellular
Fungi
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Flat worms (Platyhelminthes)
• Cestodes - tapeworms• Trematodes- flukes
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Tapeworms (Cestodes)
Ingestion of meat
Ingestion of feces
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Trematodes
feces
Ingestion of aquatic vegetation or penetration of larvae
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Nematodes (round worms)
Some representatives of major groups
Hookworms –penetration
Pinworms-ingestion inhalation
Whipworms and Trichinella-ingetsion of meat
Ascaris worms- ingestion of feces
Guinea worms- ingestion of water and vector
Filarial worms-insect bite
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Arthropods
Insects-flies, bugs, lice, fleas, roaches
Arachnids-ticks and mites
Crustaceans- barnacles, copepods
Note: some of the above are vectors, some are parasites, some are both
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Diseases caused by arthropods
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Arthropods:Insects
•Pediculosis- louse infestation with Pediculus humanis (body), P. capitis (head) or Pthirus pubis (crab louse)
•chigoe Tunga penetrans
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InsectsSiphonaptera-fleasDiptera-fliesNematoceraCeratopogonidae-no-see-ums, sand gnatsCulicidae-mosquitoesPsychodidae-sand fliesSimuliidae-blackfliesBrachyceraTabanidae-horse and deer fliesCyclorrhaphaMuscidae-housefliesGlossinidae-tetse fliesMiscelaneous families-Botflies, blowflies, bottlefliesHemiptera-bugsReduviidae-conenose (kissing) bugsCimicidae-bed bugsDictyopteraBlattidae-roachesAnoplura-sucking lice
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Myiasis
Squirrel bot fly: Cuterebra emasculator
Fly maggots can be facultative or obligate parasites, the resulting diseases are collectively called myiasis
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Artrhopods: Mites (including ticks)Arachnida
AcariIxodidae-hard ticksArgasidae-soft ticksLaelapidae-hematophagous mitesDermanyssidae-hematophagous mitesDemodicidae-follicle mitesTrombiculidae-chiggersSarcoptidae-scabies mites Ticks
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Ticks
Lone star tick
American dog tick
Black legged tick (deer tick)
• Ticks are important vectors• Some species also cause tick paralysis
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Scabies mites• Sarcoptes scabiei
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Other Mites
Follicle mites Demodex spp.
Chiggers Eutrombicula alfreddugesi
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Viruses
Classified by nucleic acid type
Divided into Orders (sometimes), Family, Genus, ad Species
Ex. Rhabdoviridae, Lissavirus, Rabies Virus
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Viral nucleic acids
dsDNA
ssDNA
dsRNA
(+)RNA
(-)RNA
RNA viruses often carry RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase
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Prions
Infectious proteins
Normally found on surface of mammalian cells
Abnormal secondary and tertiary structures
Resistant to heat and radiation
Long ‘incubation’ period
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Prion “replication”
Normal protein transformed from helices to beta pleated sheets