Survey of Animals from the Phylum Chordata Sub Phylum Vertebrata.

Survey of Animals Survey of Animals from thefrom the

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Sub Phylum VertebrataSub Phylum Vertebrata

Common Chordate Common Chordate FeaturesFeatures

Notochord:Notochord: a rod of stiffened tissue supporting the body (later develops into bony units comprising the vertebral column).

Dorsal Nerve Chord:Dorsal Nerve Chord: located just above the notochord and gut region (protected by vertebrae after full development)

Muscular Pharynx:Muscular Pharynx: the entrance to the digestive tract (with small gill slits)

Tail (or rudiment thereof):Tail (or rudiment thereof): located near the anus

All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features:All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features: (Click)

Key Characteristics: Key Characteristics: Click to Continue

Body Temperature RegulationBody Temperature Regulation– Ectotherm: body changes temperature in response to external environment– Homeotherm: temperature remains constant regardless of external environment

# Of Heart Chambers# Of Heart Chambers – Two: (atrium/ventricle) allows for mixing of deoxygenated & oxygenated blood

– Three: (2 atria/1 ventricle) more efficient separation of deO2 & O2 blood

– Four: (2 atria/2 ventricles) complete separation of deO2 & O2 blood

Respiratory Organs Respiratory Organs (Exchange of 0(Exchange of 022 & CO & CO22))

– Lungs, Gills, Skin: moist membranes designed for gas exchange in/out of blood

Reproductive Structures Reproductive Structures (Embryo Development)(Embryo Development)– Internal Amniotic Egg: develops inside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid– External Amniotic Egg: develops outside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid– Aquatic Egg: contains no amnion and develops in a liquid (aquatic) environment

Excretory Mechanisms Excretory Mechanisms (H(H22O Conservation) O Conservation)

– Urea: liquid waste released by specialized excretory structures (toxic if accumulates)

– Uric Acid: solid waste (conserves H2O, non-toxic, & therefore can be stored)

Class Pisces (Fish)Class Pisces (Fish)Temperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

EctothermEctotherm

# Heart Chambers# Heart Chambers 22

Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism

GillsGills

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering ScalesScales

ReproductionReproduction

(Eggs)(Eggs)

AquaticAquatic

Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism

Urea / (NHUrea / (NH33))

Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion

Swimming FinsSwimming Fins Click to continue

Class AmphibiaClass AmphibiaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

EctothermEctotherm

# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers

33


Skin / GillsSkin / Gills

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering Moist SkinMoist Skin


(Eggs)(Eggs)

AquaticAquatic


Urea / NHUrea / NH33


Tail / Fins / LegsTail / Fins / Legs Click to continue

Class ReptiliaClass ReptiliaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

EctothermEctotherm


3 / 43 / 4


LungsLungs

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering Dry Leathery Dry Leathery ScalesScales


(Eggs)(Eggs)

AmnioticAmniotic


Uric AcidUric Acid


Legs / TailLegs / Tail

Click to continue

Class Aves (Birds)Class Aves (Birds)Temperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

HomeothermHomeotherm


44


LungsLungs

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering FeathersFeathers


(Eggs)(Eggs)

AmnioticAmniotic


Uric AcidUric Acid


Wings / LegsWings / Legs

Click to continue

Class MammaliaClass MammaliaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

HomeothermHomeotherm


44


LungsLungs

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering HairHair


(Eggs)(Eggs)

AmnioticAmniotic


Urea / NHUrea / NH33


Legs / Wings / Legs / Wings / FinsFins

Click to continue

Survey of Animals from the Phylum Chordata Sub Phylum Vertebrata.

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Transcript of Survey of Animals from the Phylum Chordata Sub Phylum Vertebrata.