Surveillance and Social Control and measure
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Critical Criminology 12: 21–42, 2003. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publisher s. Printed in the Netherlands. 21 IMAGES FROM A NEOLIBERAL CITY: THE STATE, SUR VEILLANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL ∗ ROY COLEMAN Liverpool John Moores University Abstract. Smith (1996: 230–232) characterized the late twentieth century crusade for a “new urban frontier” as akin to the Wild West of nineteenth century America. In the last ten years, not only in the North American context but in Europe too, extending the boundaries of the urban frontier – economically, politically, and culturally – has galvanized powerful urban coalitions in the task of re-taking – both ideologically and materially – city spaces from the visible and symbolic elements of urban degeneration. The project of urban reclamation has not been neutral but has been formulated within a post welfare, neoliberal politics that has promoted a ideology of self responsibilisation within a climate of moral indifference to increasingly visible inequality. These ideological shifts have been fuelled by, and consolidated in, an evolving form of state ensemble that, as a rapidly moving target (Hay 1996: 3), has been larg ely neglecte d in crimi nolog ical analysis . It is the contentio n of this paper that the agents and agencies of the neoliberal state are constructing the boundaries and possibilities of the new urban frontier while simultaneously engaging in a project of social control that will have far-reaching consequences for how we understand the meanings of public space, social justice and the parameters of state power. In stressing the relations between states and social control, this paper argues for an understanding of the normative aspects of social control embedded in prevailing political practice and social relations. In recent years, criminolo- gists have depicted a fundamental shift in the rationale and practices of social con tro l (Fe ele y and Simo n 1994). The emphas is has bee n on manage ria l tech nique s and disco ntinu ity and dislo cati on from previou s crime control prac tice . In expl oring contempora ry socia l control prac tice s, risk theorists (Shearing and Stenning 1985; Feeley and Simon 1994; Barry, Osbour ne, and Rose 1996) have dematerialized risk discourses, neglected an analysis of state institutions and ideological power, and constructed a false demarca- tio n bet ween the tec hni ca l and the nor mat iv e asp ect s of soc ial contro l. These omissio ns are problemat ic as they often demons trat e an unwil ling- ness to venture beyond official vernacular identify and challenge tendential interests. Looking away from centers of power has led to an obsession with a particular definition of the local, coupled with a failure to adequately decon- ∗ The Journal Editors wish to thank David Whyte of the University of Leeds for serving as Reviewing Editor on this Manuscript.
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