Surfactant Based Boiling System For Zero Gravity Applicationsrraj/Boiling_N.pdf · Steam power...
Transcript of Surfactant Based Boiling System For Zero Gravity Applicationsrraj/Boiling_N.pdf · Steam power...
Surfactant Based Boiling System For
Zero Gravity Applications Md. Qaisar Raza, Nirbhay Kumar, Rishi Raj
Thermal and Fluid Transport Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Patna
ABSTRACT
METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
MOTIVATION
Boiling is widely used in earth gravity
• in various energy systems
• for heating and cooling
Comparison of HTC (Mudawar 2001)
Thermal management is becoming a challenge
in electronics and energy systems
POOL BOILING Heated surface is completely submerged in a pool of liquid
Utilizes latent heat of vaporization to dissipate large heat
flux within small temperature difference
INTRODUCTION
WHY BOILING IN ZERO-G? Thermal management of space-based infrastructure for longer duration
microgravity and planetary missions
• space station, astronaut’s suit
• rocket, satellite
• cryogenic fuel storage etc.
At zero-g buoyancy becomes less
dominant
Bubbles coalesce together → large
dry out area → low CHF and HTC
External stimuli for bubble removal
makes the system bulky and energy
intensive
CHALLENGES
BUBBLE BEHAVIOR
Surfactants DTAB SDS
Formulae CH3(CH2)11N(CH3)3Br C12H25SO4Na
Ionic Nature Cationic Anionic
Form White powder White powder
MW 308.34 288.3
CMC ~ 4600 ppm ~ 2500 ppm
Surfactants Triton-X100 Tween 80
Formulae C4H21(OCH2CH2)9-10OH C64H124O26
Ionic Nature Non-ionic Non-ionic
Form Clear Liquid Liquid
MW 624 1310
CMC ~ 200 ppm ~ 15 ppm
RESULTS
Present
Work
Downward
heater Microgravity
hmax ~ 36 kW/m2-K ~ 19 kW/m2-K
(Guo et al. 1992)
~ 7 kW/m2-K
(Zell et al. 1989)
CHF ~ 500 kW/m2 ~ 340 kW/m2
(Su et al. 2008)
~ 229 kW/m2 (FC72) (Kim et al. 2002)
~ 125 kW/m2 (Water) (Oka et al. 1995)
More than 6000 fps images are acquired to elucidate the bubble departure
HTC and CHF enhancement are ~2.4 and ~2.5 times, respectively, compared to
pure water
Great potential for zero gravity applications
Preparing to perform experiment in zero gravity condition
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Mudawar I. Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions, 2001, 24, 122-141
Raj, R; Kim. J; Mc Quillen, J. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2009, 131, 091502-1.
Guo, Z; El-Genk, M. S. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1992, 35(9), 2109-2117.
Zell, M; Straub, J; Weinzierl A. Physico Chemical Hydrodynamics, 1989, 11, 813-823.
Su, G. H; Wu, Y. W; Sugiyama, K. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2008, 34(11), 1058-1066.
Kim, J; Benton, J. F. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 23, 2002, 497–508.
Oka, T; Abe, Y; Mori, Y. H; Nagashima, A. Transactions of the ASME, 1995, 117, 408-417.
Boiling heat transfer is very efficient mode of heat transfer
• Primarily governed by bubble departure which relies on buoyancy/gravity
Advantage of boiling is lost in space
• No buoyancy → bubble departure absent → heat transfer deteriorates
Zero gravity experiments are rare and expensive
Inverted heater configuration to mimic zero gravity like situation
• Bubble do not depart like zero gravity
A novel surfactant induced bubble departure is demonstrated against the buoyancy
Bubble departure frequency of the order of ~15Hz under inverted heater is obtained
More than 100% enhancement in heat transfer performance
Bubble under downward facing heater behave similar to zero gravity
Aqueous surfactant solution with concentration at CMC is used
Triton X-100
DTAB SDS
Tween-80 DI Water
Triton X-100
DTAB
SDS
Tween-80
f (Hz)
18
12
6
0 100 200 300 400 500
q” (kW/m2)
q”
(kW
/m2)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 4 8 12 16 20
ΔTsup (°C)
ΔTsub = 50°C
ΔTsub = 50°C
Steam power plant
Courtesy: TEPCO, LENOVO
AC Systems
Lenovo laptop
Sony Xperia Z5
Heat Pipe
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Dr. V. S. Jasvanth, Dr. Amrit Ambirajan and Dr. Abhijit A. Adoni, ISAC ISRO
(Project No. ISRO/RES/3/674/2014-15)
400
300
200
100
4
10-2 10-2 10-1 100 101
q”
(kW
/m2)
Buoyancy
dominated regime
Surface tension
dominated regime
Buoyancy
dominated regime
a/g
Raj et al. (2009)
Bottom View
Time lapse Image
Triton X-100 DTAB SDS Tween-80 DI Water
~ 110 kW/m2
~ 200 kW/m2
~ 380 kW/m2
~ 500 kW/m2 Sideways
departed
bubble
(ΔTsub = 50°C)
DTAB
~ 200 kW/m2
0ms 20ms 48ms 64ms 82ms
Wet patches
HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE
Insulation Dry Patch
Heater
Vapor
ATF