Surface Transportation Reauthorization in the 112th Congress (Feb 2012)

8/3/2019 Surface Transportation Reauthorization in the 112th Congress (Feb 2012)

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B_R _n}`rs d`r B`kern]rn}hrnc d`r Gngonr hkc B`ggjssnn `d B`kern

R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k jk san

88?sa B`kern6 R~gghrz hkc R`~rbn

Ghrb Lntjk`k, B``rcjkhs`r

Rnbsj`k _nnhrba Ghkhenr

Dnor~hrz 8=, ?=8?

B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn

5'>5==

uuu+br+e`t

_3?2>=

+

b88852==1


2/28

R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k jk san 88?sa B`kern6 R~gghrz hkc R`~rbn


B`ksnks

Jksr`c~bsj`k++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8

Ajeauhz+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?

Srhk}`rshsj`k Nkahkbngnks ]rèrhg ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2]~oljb Srhkjs+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2

]hnkenr _hjl++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

Drnjeas Srhk}`rshsj`k +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5

Nktjr`kgnkshl _ntjnu `d Srhk}`rshsj`k ]r`fnbs++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1

Ajeauhz Rhdnsz +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8=

B`ggnrbjhl Sr~bijke Rhdnsz+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 88

Srhk}`rshsj k Djkhkbn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8?

Djkhkbjhl ]r`tjj`k jk Rnkhsn Ojll++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8?

Djkhkbjhl ]r`tjj`k jk A`~n ojll+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 82@dda`rn @jl hkc Eh _ntnk~n ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 82Hlsnrkhsjtn Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbb`~ks _ntnk~n hkc Hlsnrkhsjtn Djkhkbjke +++++++++++++++++++++++ 83

Dje~rn

Dje~rn H'8+ BO@ Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc ]r`fnbsj`k+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 84

Dje~rn H'?+ GH]'?8 H~sa`rjvhsj`k +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 85

Dje~rn H'2+ GH]'?8 H}}`rsj`kgnks +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8:

Dje~rn H'3+ A+_+ 5 H}}`rsj`kgnks+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?8

Dje~rn H'>+ D~kcjke d`r Ajeauhz Rhdnsz ]rèrhg ]r`}`nc jk Rnkhsn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?2Dje~rn H'4+ D~kcjke d`r B`ggnrbjhl Tnajbln Rhdnsz ]rèrhg ]r`}`nc jk Rnkhsn ++++++++++++++++++++ ?3

Sholn

Sholn 8+ B`ggjssnn Jkt`ltngnks jk R~rdhbn Srhk} rshsj`k _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?

Sholn ?+ ]r`}`nc Hkk~hl Dncnrhl Srhkjs D~kcjke jk Rnkhsn Ojll ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3

Sholn 2+ ]r`}`nc Dncnrhl Srhkjs D~kcjke jk A+_+ 5++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >

Sholn 3+ H~sa`rjvnc D~kcjke d`r Hgsrhi @}nrhsjke Hjshkbn ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

Sholn >+ Ajeauhz Rhdnsz Erhks s` Rshsn++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 88Sholn 4+ Sr~bi Rhdnsz Erhks s` Rshsn+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 88

H}}nkcjqn

H}}nkcjq+ D~kcjke hkc Djkhkbjhl Chsh +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8>

+


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B`kshbs

H~sa`r B`kshbs Jkd`rghsj`k+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?>

Inz ]`ljbz Rshdd+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?>

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B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn 8

Jksr`c~bsj`k

Lnejlhsj`k s` rnh~sa`rjvn dncnrhl ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k }rèrhg j ~kcnr b`kjcnrhsj`k jk o`saa`~n `d B`kern+8 San }rntj`~ srhk}`rshsj`k h~sa`rjvhsj`k, san Rhdn, Hbb`~ksholn, Dlnqjoln,

Nddjbjnks Srhk} rshsj`k Nx~jsz Hbs6 H Lnehbz d`r nr !RHDNSNH, ]+L+ 8=:'>:*, nkhbsnc jk?==>, nq}jrnc `k Rn}sngonr 2=, ?==:+ Rjkbn sahs sjgn, ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k }rèrhg hkchbsjtjsjn ahtn onnk }nrhsnc ~kcnr h nrjn d nqsnkj`k+ San g`s rnbnks d sann, ]+L+ 88?'2=,nq}jrn `k Ghrba 28, ?=8?+

San ghjk òshbln s` nkhbsgnks `d h knu g~lsj'znhr ojll c~rjke san }hs su` znhr ah onnk sancj}hrjsz onsunnk }r`fnbsnc }nkcjke hkc san g~ba lùnr }r`fnbsj`k `d san rntnk~n dlù s` sanAjeauhz Sr~s D~kc !ASD*+ Shqn k eh`ljkn hkc cjnnl }r`tjcn h}}r`qjghsnlz :=. `d sanrntnk~n d`r san ASD, uajba ajs`rjbhllz ah d~kcnc san nksjrn ajeauhz }rèrhg hkc r`~ealz 1=.`d san gh srhkjs }rèrhg+ San B`kernj`khl O~cens @ddjbn !BO@* ah }r`fnbsnc sahs san~knq}nkcnc ohlhkbn `d san ajeauhz hbb`~ks `d san ASD ujll rnhba vnr` c~rjke DZ?=82 hkc sahssan ohlhkbn jk san Gh Srhkjs Hbb`~ks ujll rnhba vnr` jk DZ?=83 !nn H}}nkcjq Dje~rn H'8*+

R~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k rnh~sa`rjvhsj`k j `kn `d san g`rn lnejlhsjtnlz b`g}lnq j~n ond`rn sanB`kern, onbh~n js hccrnn ghssnr ~kcnr san f~rjcjbsj`k `d ghkz b`ggjssnn+ ]`rsj`k `dsan }nkcjke rnh~sa`rjvhsj`k ojll, ~kcnr thrj`~ ojll k~gonr, unrn ghrinc ~} jk ntnk cjddnrnksb`ggjssnn !nn Sholn 8* ond`rn b`k`ljchsj`k ~kcnr h jkeln ojll k~gonr jk nhba a`~n+

San Rnkhsn rnh~sa`rjvhsj`k ojll, san G`tjke Hanhc d`r ]rèrn jk san ?8s Bnks~rz Hbs !R+ 81829GH]'?8*, u`~lc h~sa`rjvn ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k }rèrhg d`r su` znhr, sar`~ea DZ?=82+ D~llzd~kcjke san ojll u`~lc rnx~jrn r`~ealz #8= ojllj`k jk rntnk~n `r `ddns onz`kc hksjbj}hsnc ASDrntnk~n+? San A`~n ojll, san Hgnrjbhk Nknrez hkc Jkdrhsr~bs~rn Fò Hbs !A+_+ 5* ljki san~~hl ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k rnh~sa`rjvhsj`k b`g}`knks ujsa }r`tjj`k cnjeknc s` jkbrnhn `jlhkc eh }r`c~bsj`k, san rntnk~n dr`g uajba u`~lc on }r`tjcnc d`r ajeauhz jkdrhsr~bs~rn+ A+_+5, b`~ksjke san hlrnhcz h}}r`}rjhsnc DZ?=8?, j h djtn'znhr ojll }r`tjcjke d`r h s`shl h~sa`rjvhsj`k`d r`~ealz #?4= ojllj`k+2 San ojll cjddnr jekjdjbhkslz jk }rèrhgghsjb b`ksnks hkc srnhsgnks `dsan ASD+ O`sa hrn drnn `d }rèrhg nhrghrijke+

8 D`r h cnshjlnc rntjnu `d san ~kcnrlzjke j~n, nn B_R _n}`rs _38>8?, R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k ]rèrhg_nh~sa`rjvhsj`k J~n d`r san 88?sa B`kern, b``rcjkhsnc oz _ònrs R+ Ijri+? D`r san BO@ b`s nsjghsn d`r R+ 8182, nn ass}6//uuu+bo`+e`t/ds}c`b/8?5qq/c`b8?532/8182dno5+}cd+2 D`r san BO@ b`s nsjghsn d`r A+_+ 5, nn ass}6//uuu+bo`+e`t/ds}c`b/8?5qq/c`b8?5>8/ar2143+}cd+

+


5/28


B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn ?

Sholn 8+ B`ggjssnn Jkt`ltngnks jk R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k

B`ggjssnn Chsn `d Ghri~} Ojll K~gonr/]r`tjj`k

A`~n Khs~rhl _n`~rbn Dnor~hrz 8, ?=8? A+_+ 23=5, b`kbnrkjke `jl hkc eh lnhjke jk Hlhih9A+_+ 23=1, `k `jl ahln cntnl`}gnks9 A+_+ 238=,b`kbnrkjke `dda`rn `jl hkc eh lnhjke

A`~n Srhk}`rshsj`k hkcJkdrhsr~bs~rn

Dnor~hrz ?, ?=8? A+_+ 5, jkbl~cjke ajeauhz, srhkjs, drnjeas, hkc hdnsz}rèrhg hkc nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`tjj`k

A`~n Uhz hkc Gnhk Dnor~hrz 2, ?=8? A+_+ 2143, rntnk~n d`r Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc

Rnkhsn Nktjr`kgnks hkc]~oljb U`ri

K`tngonr :, ?=88 R+ 8182, ajeauhz }rèrhg

Rnkhsn B`ggnrbn, Rbjnkbnhkc Srhk}`rshsj`k

Cnbngonr 83, ?=88 R+ 833:, R+ 8:>=, ajeauhz hdnsz, sr~bi hdnsz, drnjeas

Rnkhsn Ohkijke, A`~jke,hkc ^rohk Hddhjr

Dnor~hrz ?, ?=8? ^kk~gonrnc, gh srhkjs

Rnkhsn Djkhkbn Dnor~hrz 5, ?=8? ^kk~gonrnc, rntnk~n d`r Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc

R`~rbn6 B_R, B`kernj`khl X~hrsnrlz+

Ajeauhz3

San Rnkhsn ojll, GH]'?8, }r`}`n h s`shl dncnrhl'hjc ajeauhz }rèrhg h~sa`rjvhsj`k `d #1>+2ojllj`k tnr su` znhr, DZ?=8? hkc DZ?=82 !nn H}}nkcjq Dje~rn H'?*+ San ojll u`~lcrnc~bnsan s`shl k~gonr `d ajeauhz }rèrhg dr`g r`~ealz := s` 2=+ Uajln ghkz nqjsjke ajeauhz}rèrhg u`~lc on cjb`ksjk~nc h n}hrhsn nksjsjn, shsn u`~lc on h~sa`rjvnchlsa`~ea k`srnx~jrncs` }nkc sanjr dncnrhl ajeauhz d~kc d`r ghkz `d san hgn }~r}`n+

San `tnrhll dncnrhl'hjc ajeauhz }rèrhg u`~lc on sr~bs~rnc hr`~kc djtn lhren b`rn }rèrhg+

Sann u`~lc jkbl~cn san nqjsjke B`kensj`k Gjsjehsj`k hkc Hjr X~hljsz Jg}r`tngnks !BGHX*hkc Ajeauhz Rhdnsz Jg}r`tngnks ]rèrhg9 h knu Khsj`khl Ajeauhz ]nrd`rghkbn ]rèrhg sahsb`k`ljchsn ntnrhl nqjsjke ajeauhz }rèrhg9 h knu Srhk}`rshsj`k Gòjljsz ]rèrhg s` d~kch or`hc hrrhz `d ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k }r`fnbs9 hkc h knu Khsj`khl Drnjeas Knsu`ri ]rèrhg+San nqjsjke Nx~jsz O`k~ ]rèrhg u`~lc on cjb`ksjk~nc+

GH]'?8 u`~lc ghin ghf`r bahken jk san hll`bhsj`k `d d~kc hg`ke shsn hkc }rèrhg oznljgjkhsjke san thrj`~ d`rg~lh dhbs`r kù hsshbanc s` jkcjtjc~hl }rèrhg+ Jksnhc, nhba shsnjkjsjhl hg`~ks `d san ojll h~sa`rjvnc b`ksrhbs h~sa`rjsz u`~lc on bhlb~lhsnc ohnc `k js ahrn `ds`shl h}}`rsj`kgnks hkc hll`bhsj`k c~rjke DZ?==>'DZ?==:+ Sann shsn ahrn u`~lc sank on~nc s` bhlb~lhsn san GH]'?8 h}}`rsj`kgnks hg`ke san b`rn }rèrhg !nn H}}nkcjq Dje~rn H'2*+ Saj gnhk sahs san hgn hll`bhsj`k d`rg~lh u`~lc h}}lz s` nhba `d san djtn b`rn }rèrhg+

San Rnkhsn ojll hl` u`~lc jkbrnhn san ~n `d }nrd`rghkbn gnh~rn oz rnx~jrjke shsn hkcgnsr`}`ljshk }lhkkjke rehkjvhsj`k s` ns shrens d`r ajeauhz b`kcjsj`k hkc }nrd`rghkbn+ Jsu`~lc nq}hkc san ~n `d hlsnrkhsjtn djkhkbjke gnbahkjg hkc }rjthsn'nbs`r jktnsgnks s`~}}lngnks srhcjsj`khl ajeauhz erhks d~kcjke+

3 Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz _ònrs R+ Ijri, R}nbjhljs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz+

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6/28



San A`~n ojll, A+_+ 5, }r`}`n h s`shl dncnrhl'hjc ajeauhz }rèrhg h~sa`rjvhsj`k `d #?=>ojllj`k `tnr djtn znhr+ Js u`~lc b`k`ljchsn `r nljgjkhsn ghkz }rèrhg, o~s cjddnrnkslz sahk}r`}`nc jk GH]'?8+ A+_+ 5 rnshjk hkc nq}hkc o`sa san Khsj`khl Ajeauhz Rzsng ]rèrhghkc san R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k ]rèrhg s` jkbl~cn san }rnnks Ajeauhz Orjcen ]rèrhg+ Sannqjsjke Jksnrshsn Ghjksnkhkbn }rèrhg u`~lc on d`lcnc jks` san Khsj`khl Ajeauhz Rzsng

]rèrhg, hkc san Ajeauhz Rhdnsz Jg}r`tngnks ]rèrhg u`~lc on rnshjknc !nn H}}nkcjqDje~rn H'3*+

A+_+ 5 jkbl~cn hk Nx~jsz O`k~ ]rèrhg ujsa h e~hrhksnn sahs nhba shsn s`shl ajeauhz erhksnhba znhr ujll nx~hl hs lnhs :3. `d san g`s`r d~nl shqn san shsn }hz jks` san ASD+ San }rèrhgh~sa`rjvhsj`k j bh}}nc hs #2+: ojllj`k }nr znhr+

Jk hk jg}`rshks bahken jk srhk}`rshsj`k djkhkbjke, A+_+ 5 u`~lc brnhsn h knu hlsnrkhsjtnsrhk}`rshsj`k hbb`~ks jk san ASD+ Saj hbb`~ks, djkhkbnc oz enknrhl d~kc h}}r`}rjhsj`k, u`~lcd~kc gh srhkjs }r`fnbs sahs b~rrnkslz rnbnjtn h ahrn `d san g`s`r d~nl shq rnbnj}s }hjc jks` sanASD+ Rntnrhl ajeauhz }rèrhg, jkbl~cjke san B`kensj`k Gjsjehsj`k hkc Hjr X~hljsz ]rèrhg!BGHX*, Dnrrz O`hs hkc Snrgjkhl, ]~nrs` _jb` Ajeauhz, hkc Snrrjs`rjhl Ajeauhz ]rèrhg,

u`~lc hl` on d~kcnc dr`g san hlsnrkhsjtn srhk}`rshsj`k hbb`~ks+

San A`~n ojll u`~lc hl` hllù nq}hkcnc s`lljke `d san Jksnrshsn zsng+ R~ofnbs s` bnrshjkrnsrjbsj`k, san dncnrhl e`tnrkgnks b`~lc }hrsjbj}hsn jk }r`fnbs s` hcc lhkn s` jkbrnhn sanbh}hbjsz `d h ajeauhz hkc js b`ktnrj`k s` h s`ll dhbjljsz, ` l`ke h san hgn k~gonr `d drnnlhkn h nqjsnc ond`rn san }r`fnbs rnghjk s`ll drnn+

Srhk}`rshsj`k Nkahkbngnks ]rèrhg

B~rrnks lhu rnx~jrn shsn s` }nkc ho`~s 8+>. `d sanjr dncnrhl ajeauhz d~kcjke `kSrhk}`rshsj`k Nkahkbngnks }r`fnbs, uajba bhk jkbl~cn b`ksr~bsjke jcnuhli hkc ojin}hsa,b`ktnrj`k `d hohkc`knc rhjluhz b`rrjc`r s` srhjl, hrban`lèjbhl rnnhrba `k jsn ~kb`tnrnc oz

ajeauhz b`ksr~bsj`k, b`ksr`l d ~sc``r hctnrsjjke, hkc gjsjehsjke san nktjr`kgnkshl nddnbs dajeauhz b`ksr~bsj`k+ O`sa ojll u`~lc nljgjkhsn san rnx~jrngnks sahs shsn }nkc dncnrhl d~kc`k Srhk}`rshsj k Nkahkbngnks }r`fnbs !hllùjke shsn s` d~kc ~ba }r`fnbs jd sanz ` ba``n*hkc u`~lc hgnkc san ljs `d hbsjtjsjn nljejoln d`r d~kcjke h srhk}`rshsj`k nkahkbngnks+

]~oljb Srhkjs>

San A`~n }r`tjj`k rnlhsjke s` san dncnrhl srhkjs }rèrhg hrn d`~kc jk Sjsln JJ `d A+_+ 5 hkcsan djkhkbn }r`tjj`k hrn jk A+_+ 2143 !san djkhkbn }r`tjj`k ahtn onnk jkb`r}`rhsnc jks` A+_+5 hkc, anrnhdsnr, hrn rndnrrnc s` h san djkhkbn }r`tjj`k `d A+_+ 5*+ San Rnkhsn srhkjs }rèrhg}r`tjj`k hrn b`kshjknc jk san Dncnrhl ]~oljb Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbs d ?=8? hkc san rntnk~n}r`tjj`k hrn jk san Ajeauhz Jktnsgnks, Fò Brnhsj`k hkc Nb`k`gjb Erùsa Hbs `d ?=8?+Knjsanr `d san Rnkhsn ojll ah onnk d`rghllz jksr`c~bnc hkc, ankbn, o`sa hrn ~kk~gonrnc+

San }r`}`nc Rnkhsn ojll u`~lc h~sa`rjvn #8=+3>1 ojllj`k d`r dncnrhl srhkjs }rèrhg hkk~hllzd`r DZ?=8? hkc DZ?=82, san b~rrnks d~kcjke lntnl, ujsa #1+248 ojllj`k b`gjke dr`g san Gh

> Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz Ujlljhg F+ Ghllnss, R}nbjhljs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz+

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7/28



Srhkjs Hbb`~ks d san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc hkc #?+=:1 ojllj`k dr`g san enknrhl d~kc !nn Sholn?*+4

Sholn ?+ ]r`}`nc Hkk~hl Dncnrhl Srhkjs D~kcjke jk Rnkhsn Ojll

H~sa`rjvhsj`k d`r DZ?=8? hkc DZ?=82

Gh Srhkjs Hbb`~ks Enknrhl D~kc

Hcgjkjsrhsj`k #8=1,2>=,===

]lhkkjke ]rèrhg #833,1>=,===

Ngnrenkbz _nljnd

^rohkjvnc Hrnh D`rg~lh ]rèrhg #3,5>4,848,>==

Blnhk D~nl ]rèrhg #4>,8>=,===

Bh}jshl Jktnsgnks Erhks #8,:>>,===,===

Nlcnrlz hkc Cjholnc #?31,4==,===

K`k~rohkjvnc Hrnh D`rg~lh ]rèrhg #>:8,8:=,===

_nnhrba, Cntnl`}gnks, Cng`ksrhsj`k, hkcCntnl`}gnks ]r`fnbs

#23,===,===

Srhkjs B``}nrhsjtn _nnhrba ]rèrhg #4,>==,===

Snbakjbhl Hjshkbn hkc Rshkchrc Cntnl`}gnks #3,>==,===

Khsj`khl Srhkjs Jksjs~sn #>,===,===

]h~l R+ Rhrohkn Srhkjs jk ]hri ]rèrhg #?4,:==,===

U`rid`rbn Cntnl`}gnks hkc A~ghk _n`~rbn]rèrhg

#?,===,===

Khsj`khl Srhkjs Chshohn #2,1>=,===

Rshsn `d E``c _n}hjr #8,:15,?42,>==

Erùjke Rshsn hkc Ajea Cnkjsz D`rg~lh #88,>==,===

S`shl #1,24=,>4>,=== #?,=:5,582,===

R`~rbn6 Rnkhsn B`ggjssnn `k Ohkijke, A`~jke, hkc ^rohk Hddhjr, Dncnrhl ]~oljb Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbs `d ?=8?,Ojll Ajealjeas, ass}6//ohkijke+nkhsn+e`t/}~oljb/Pdjln/SrhkjsPOjllPR~gghrzPhkcPD~kcjkePBahrs+}cd+

San A`~n ojll u`~lc h~sa`rjvn san hgn hg`~ks d`r DZ?=8? hkc #8=+3:1 ojllj`k nhba znhr d`rDZ?=82 sar`~ea DZ?=84, ujsa #1+3 ojllj`k dr`g h knulz khgnc Hlsnrkhsjtn Srhk}`rshsj`kHbb`~ks `d san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc !nn onlù* hkc #?+=:1 ojllj`k dr`g san enknrhl d~kc !Sholn2*+

4 Rnkhsn B`ggjssnn `k Ohkijke, A`~jke, hkc ^rohk Hddhjr, Dncnrhl ]~oljb Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbs `d ?=8?, OjllAjealjeas, ass}6//ohkijke+nkhsn+e`t/}~oljb/Pdjln/SrhkjsPOjllPR~gghrzPhkcPD~kcjkePBahrs+}cd+

+


8/28


B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn >

Sholn 2+ ]r`}`nc Dncnrhl Srhkjs D~kcjke jk A+_+ 5

Gjllj`k C`llhr

DZ?=8? Hkk~hllz DZ?=82'DZ?=84

S`shl #8=,3>1+2 #8=,3:1+=

Hlsnrkhsjtn Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbb`~ks 1,24=+4 1,3==+=

D`rg~lh hkc O~ Erhks 1,24=+4 1,3==+=

Enknrhl D~kc ?,=:5+5 ?,=:1+=

Bh}jshl Jktnsgnks Erhks 8,:>>+= 8,:>>+=

_nnhrba, Srhjkjke hkc @~srnhba, hkc Snbakjbhl Hjshkbn 33+= 3>+=

Hcgjkjsrhsj`k :1+5 :1+=

R`~rbn6 A+_+ 5, Hgnrjbhk Nknrez hkc Jkdrhsr~bs~rn Fò Hbs `d ?=8?+

San rntnk~n nbsj`k `d san A`~n ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k rnh~sa`rjvhsj`k u`~lc rnkhgn san GhSrhkjs Hbb`~ks d san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc h san Hlsnrkhsjtn Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbb`~ks+ San

lnejlhsj`k u`~lc hl` nljgjkhsn san g`s`r d~nl shqn sahs b~rrnkslz e` jks` san Gh SrhkjsHbb`~ks+ _ntnk~n jk san Gh Srhkjs Hbb`~ks b`llnbsnc jk DZ?=8? u`~lc on srhkdnrrnc s` sanAjeauhz Hbb`~ks+ Jk }lhbn `d rntnk~n dr`g san d~nl shq, san ojll u`~lc srhkdnr #3= ojllj`k dr`gsan enknrhl d~kc jks` san Hlsnrkhsjtn Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbb`~ks+ San Rnkhsn Djkhkbn B`ggjssnnojll u`~lc lnhtn san b~rrnks sr~bs~rn `d san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc ~kbahkenc+

Hlsa`~ea js nljgjkhsn `gn }rèrhg, san A`~n ojll lhrenlz ghjkshjk san b~rrnks sr~bs~rn `dsan dncnrhl srhkjs }rèrhg+ Hg`ke `sanr sajke, san A`~n ojll nljgjkhsn san Blnhk D~nl Erhks]rèrhg, san Srhkjs jk ]hri ]rèrhg, hkc san Erùjke hkc Ajea Cnkjsz Rshsn D`rg~lh+ SanA`~n ojll hl` b`gojkn jks` h jkeln }rèrhg san Knu Drnnc`g ]rèrhg, san Nlcnrlz ]nr`khkc ]nr`k ujsa Cjhojljsjn ]rèrhg, hkc san Fò Hbbn hkc _ntnrn B`gg~sn ]rèrhg+ SanA`~n ojll }r`}`n s` cjsrjo~sn d~kcjke d`r san O~ hkc O~'_nlhsnc Dhbjljsjn ]rèrhg oz

d`rg~lh+ Jk RHDNSNH saj }rèrhg uh h anhtjlz nhrghrinc cjbrnsj`khrz }rèrhg+

San Rnkhsn ojll b`kshjk `gn jekjdjbhks rnsr~bs~rjke `d san dncnrhl srhkjs }rèrhg+ San O~hkc O~'_nlhsnc Dhbjljsjn ]rèrhg j nljgjkhsnc+ San nqjsjke Djqnc E~jcnuhz !_hjl*G`cnrkjvhsj`k ]rèrhg u`~lc on rn}lhbnc ujsa h knu Rshsn `d E``c _n}hjr !RE_* Erhks]rèrhg ujsa sarnn nlngnks+ Djrs, san knu RE_ }rèrhg u`~lc sjll ghjklz }r`tjcn d~kc ozd`rg~lh d`r san ghjksnkhkbn, rn}hjr, hkc rn}lhbngnks `d djqnc e~jcnuhz }~oljb srhkjs, o~s sand`rg~lh oz uajba sann d~kc hrn cjsrjo~snc j bahkenc+ Rnb`kc, san knu RE_ }rèrhg }r`tjcnd~kcjke oz d`rg~lh d`r san ghjksnkhkbn, rn}hjr, hkc rn}lhbngnks `d o~ rh}jc srhkjs zsng+Saj j bhllnc san Ajea Jksnkjsz O~ Rshsn `d E``c _n}hjr ]rèrhg+ Sajrc, san RE_ }rèrhgb`kshjk h ghll cjbrnsj`khrz erhks nlngnks d`r djqnc e~jcnuhz rhjl zsng+

H ujsa san A`~n ojll, san Rnkhsn ojll b`gojkn san Knu Drnnc`g ]rèrhg hkc san Nlcnrlz]nr`k hkc ]nr`k ujsa Cjhojljsjn ]rèrhg jks` h jkeln }rèrhg+ Saj knu }rèrhg jk sanRnkhsn ojll j khgnc san Nkahkbnc Gòjljsz d`r Rnkj`r hkc Jkcjtjc~hl ujsa Cjhojljsjn]rèrhg+ Oz b`ksrhs ujsa san A`~n ojll, san b~rrnks Fò Hbbn hkc _ntnrn B`gg~sn }rèrhgj ajdsnc s` on }hrs `d san ^rohkjvnc hkc K`k'^rohkjvnc Hrnh D`rg~lh }rèrhg+ San rnkhgncHbbn s` Fò }rèrhg rnx~jrn sahs rnbj}jnks }nkc hs lnhs 2. `d sanjr ^rohkjvnc Hrnhh}}`rsj`kgnks `k }r`fnbs sahs hrn cnjeknc s` anl} lù jkb`gn jkcjtjc~hl srhtnl s` hkc dr`gfò+ kcnr san K`k'^rohkjvnc Hrnh }rèrhg, Hbbn s` Fò j hk nljejoln nq}nkn+

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San Rnkhsn ojll hl` brnhsn su` knu }rèrhg sahs gjrr`r nqjsjke ajeauhz }rèrhg+ Sann hrnsan H}}hlhbajhk Cntnl`}gnks ]~oljb Srhk}`rshsj`k Hjshkbn ]rèrhg, ujsa #?= gjllj`k nshjcn dr`g san K`k'^rohkjvnc Hrnh d~kc, hkc san ]~oljb Srhk} rshsj`k Ngnrenkbz _nljnd]rèrhg+ Saj ngnrenkbz rnljnd }rèrhg, hijk s` san nqjsjke Ajeauhz Ngnrenkbz _nljnd]rèrhg, }r`tjcn d~kcjke d`r bh}jshl hkc `}nrhsjke b`s jk san ntnks `d h khs~rhl `r ghk'ghcn

cjhsnr+ San ojll h~sa`rjvn ~ba ~g h ghz on knbnhrz s` bhrrz `~s saj knu }rèrhg+

]rèrhg bahken jk san Rnkhsn ojll jkbl~cn }r`tjj`k s` jg}ljdz san Knu Rshrs ]rèrhg}r`bn+ San Knu Rshrs ]rèrhg }r`tjcn d~kc d`r san b`ksr~bsj`k `d knu djqnc e~jcnuhzsrhkjs zsng hkc nqsnkj`k s` nqjsjke zsng+ Hg`ke san bahken j san nljgjkhsj`k d sanhlsnrkhsjtn hkhlzj sahs j b~rrnkslz rnx~jrnc jk hccjsj`k s` san hlsnrkhsjtn hkhlzj rnx~jrnc h}hrs d san Khsj`khl Nktjr`kgnkshl ]`ljbz Hbs !KN]H* }r`bn+ San A`~n ojll jkbl~cn h}r`tjj`k `k san cntnl`}gnks hkc ~n `d }nbjhl uhrrhks s` }nnc bnrshjk sz}n `d Knu Rshrs}r`fnbs+

]hnkenr _hjl5

San A`~n ojll rn}nhl san b`kensj`k erhks }rèrhg, uajba h~sa`rjvn erhks s` shsn `r Hgsrhis` rnc~bn b`kensj`k r dhbjljshsn rjcnraj} erùsa k ajea'}rj`rjsz rhjl b`rrjc`r+ Saj }rèrhguh d`lcnc jks` Srhbi 8 `d san Dncnrhl _hjlr`hc Hcgjkjsrhsj`k Ajea'R}nnc hkc Jksnrbjsz]hnkenr _hjl Erhks ]rèrhg jk ?==:, hkc hlsa`~ea san b`kensj`k erhks }rèrhg uhh~sa`rjvnc hs #8== gjllj`k hkk~hllz sar`~ea DZ?=82, B`kern }r`tjcnc k` d~kcjke d`r saj}rèrhg`r hkz `sanr jksnrbjsz }hnkenr rhjl erhks }rèrhgjk DZ?=88 `r DZ?=8?+ A+_+ 5u`~lc hl` rnc~bn san h~sa`rjvnc d~kcjke lntnl d`r Hgsrhi }nrhsjke hjshkbn erhks !nnSholn 3*+

Sholn 3+ H~sa`rjvnc D~kcjke d`r Hgsrhi @}nrhsjke Hjshkbn

Gjllj`k C`llhr

DZ?=88 DZ?=8? DZ?=82

B~rrnks lhu #>:? #484 #428

A+_+ 5 344 352

Rnkhsn GH]'?8 K/H K/H

R`~rbn6 ]+L+ 88='32?, A+_+ 5

K`sn6 B`kern h}}r`}rjhsnc #>4? gjllj`k !DZ?=88* hkc #344 gjllj`k!DZ?=8?* d`r Hgsrhi @}nrhsjke Hjshkbn erhks+

San A`~n ojll u`~lc hl` hgnkc san lhu b`tnrjke d``c hkc ontnrhen nrtjbn `k Hgsrhi srhjk+B~rrnkslz Hgsrhi j }ràjojsnc dr`g }r`tjcjke d``c hkc ontnrhen nrtjbn `k hkz srhjk ~kln sanrntnk~n hs lnhs nx~hl san b`s+ K`knsanln, Hgsrhi ah b`ksjk~nc s` }r`tjcn d``c hkcontnrhen nrtjbn, hlsa`~ea san nrtjbn j k`s nld'~}}`rsjke !h j san }rhbsjbn `d g`s hjrljkn*,b`ksnkcjke sahs ~ba nrtjbn j hk nq}nbshsj`k, jd k`s h rnx~jrngnks, `k san }hrs `d ghkz}hnkenr+ San A`~n ojll u`~lc rn}nhl san nld'~}}`rsjke rnx~jrngnks, u`~lc rnx~jrn sahs sanDncnrhl _hjlr`hc Hcgjkjsrhsj`k }~s san }r`tjj`k d d``c hkc ontnrhen nrtjbn `k Hgsrhi

5 Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz C+ _hkcz ]nsnrghk, Hkhlzs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz+

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srhjk `~s s` b`g}nsjsjtn ojccjke, hkc u`~lc hllù san nrtjbn s` on ~ojcjvnc `klz s` san nqsnkssahs h kns l` `k san nrtjbn uh d`rnnnk jk san ojc nlnbsnc+

San Rnkhsn tnrj`k `d ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k rnh~sa`rjvhsj k c`n k`s b`kshjk jksnrbjsz }hnkenrrhjl }r`tjj`k+

Drnjeas Srhk}`rshsj`k1

Uansanr san dncnrhl e`tnrkgnks a`~lc ghin h g`rn d`b~nc ndd`rs sùhrc d~kcjke drnjeasjg}r`tngnks ah onnk `kn `d san }`ljbz x~nsj`k lnhcjke ~} s` san rnh~sa`rjvhsj`k cnohsn+: SanRnkhsn ojll !R+ 8182* brnhsn h knu cncjbhsnc d~kcjke }rèrhg d`r drnjeas srhk}`rs+ Uajln sanA`~n ojll !A+_+ 5* c`n k`s brnhsn h jgjlhr }rèrhg, js c`n b`kshjk h k~gonr `d }r`tjj`k sahsjekjdjbhkslz hddnbs drnjeas srhk}`rs+

San Rnkhsn Nktjr`kgnks hkc ]~oljb U`ri B`ggjssnn'rn}`rsnc ojll !nbsj`k 888>* nsholjan h

knu #? ojllj`k'h'znhr }rèrhg d`r r`hc hkc ajeauhz sahs hrn }hrsjb~lhrlz brjsjbhl s` drnjeasg`tngnks+ San Rnbrnshrz d Srhk}`rshsj`k u`~lc cnjekhsn sann r`hcuhz ohnc }rjghrjlz kdrnjeas t`l~gn hkc jk b`k~lshsj`k ujsa aj}}nr hkc bhrrjnr h san ]rjghrz Drnjeas Knsu`ri!]DK*, b`kjsjke `d ?5,=== bnksnrljkn gjln `d nqjsjke r`hcuhz+ !D`r b`g}hrj`k, san nqjsjkeJksnrshsn Ajeauhz Rzsng b`kjs d h}}r`qjghsnlz 35,=== bnksnrljkn gjln*+ Sar`~ea hd`rg~lh hll`bhsj`k, shsn u`~lc on e~jcnc s` }nkc sanjr drnjeas }rèrhg h}}`rsj`kgnks `k san]DK djrs ond`rn }nkcjke d~kc `k `sanr drnjeas rnlhsnc jkdrhsr~bs~rn+ Rshsn b`~lc hl` }nkc ~}s` h ghqjg~g `d 8=. `d sanjr drnjeas }rèrhg h}}`rsj`kgnks d`r }~oljb `r }rjthsn drnjeas rhjl `rghrjsjgn }r`fnbs+ D~kc b`~lc on ~nc d`r h rhjl `r ghrjsjgn }r`fnbs `klz jd san Rnbrnshrz `dSrhk}`rshsj`k cnsnrgjkn sahs san }r`fnbs u`~lc ghin jekjdjbhks jg}r`tngnks s` drnjeas dlù,sahs san }~oljb onkndjs nqbnnc san dncnrhl b`s, hkc sahs san }r`fnbs }r`tjcn h onssnr rns~rk sahk hajeauhz }r`fnbs `k san ]DK+

San A`~n ojll !A+_+ 5* hl` h}}nhr s` b`kbnksrhsn d~kcjke d`r drnjeas srhk}`rs, o~s c`n ` ozrnc~bjke d~kcjke d`r }rèrhg k`s rnlnthks s` aj}}nr rhsanr sahk oz brnhsjke h n}hrhsn drnjeas}rèrhg+ D`r nqhg}ln, san A`~n ojll njsanr nljgjkhsn d~kcjke `r snrgjkhsn dncnrhl ghkchsnrnlhsnc s` k`k'g`s`rjvnc srhtnl, ajs`rjb }rnnrthsj`k, srhk}`rshsj`k g~n~g, r`hcuhzonh~sjdjbhsj`k, hkc ~kjtnrjsz rnnhrba+ Snrgjkhsjke san srhkdnr `d dncnrhl eh shqn s` san ghsrhkjs sr~s d~kc jk san A`~n ojll hl` u`~lc lnhtn hccjsj`khl d~kc d`r r`hcuhz ghjksnkhkbnhkc b`ksr~bsj`k, }`snksjhllz onkndjsjke sr~bi srhk}`rshsj`k+ H jksr`c~bnc, A+_+ 5 u`~lc ahtnjkbrnhnc dncnrhl ljgjs `k sr~bi jvn hkc unjeas o~s saj uh k`s h}}r`tnc jk san Srhk}`rshsj`khkc Jkdrhsr~bs~rn B`ggjssnn9 jksnhc, san b`ggjssnn h}}r`tnc hk hgnkcgnks bhlljke d`r hCn}hrsgnks d Srhk}`rshsj`k !C@S* s~cz d san j~n+8= San A`~n ojll nni ernhsnr rnljhkbn `ks`lljke s` djkhkbn ajeauhz b`ksr~bsj`k, hk h}}r`hba }}`nc oz sr~bijke rehkjvhsj`k sahs

}rndnr d~nl shq jkbrnhn `tnr s`lljke s` o``s rntnk~n+

1 Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz Fàk Drjssnllj, R}nbjhljs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz+: Rnn B_R _n}`rs _3=4?:,Drnjeas J~n jk R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k, oz Fàk Drjssnllj hkc Ujlljhg F+Ghllnss+8= H }r`}`hl d`r h d`~r znhr }jl`s }rèrhg s` hllù ~} s` sarnn shsn s` jkbrnhn sr~bi unjeas s` 8?4,=== }`~kc `k?>'gjln jksnrshsn negnks, ~kcnr bnrshjk b`kcjsj`k, uh h}}r`tnc h hgnkcnc+ Hl`, h unjeas nqng}sj`k d`r jclnrnc~bsj`k nx~j}gnks uh jkbrnhnc dr`g 3== }`~kc s` >>= }`~kc+

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12/28


B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn :

}r`fnbs9 cnsnrgjkjke hbsjtjsjn knbnhrz s` gjsjehsn }r`fnbs nddnbs `k h ajs`rjb jsn jkb`k~lshsj`k ujsa h Rshsn Ajs`rjb ]rnnrthsj`k @ddjbn9 `r jcnksjdzjke h }r`fnbs hlsnrkhsjtn sahsht`jc hctnrn jg}hbs s` }hri, rnbrnhsj`k hrnh, ujlcljdn rnd~en `r ajs`rjb jsn `r sr~bs~rn+D`r hll }r`}`nc dncnrhl'hjc ajeauhz `r srhkjs }r`fnbs, `gn lntnl `d c`b~gnkshsj`k, hkhlzj,hkc rntjnu ujll on rnx~jrnc }~r~hks s` san Khsj`khl Nktjr`kgnkshl ]`ljbz Hbs d 8:4: !KN]H,

3? ^+R+B+ 32?8 ns nx+*+ ^kcnr KN]H, hg`ke `sanr rnx~jrngnks, dncnrhl henkbjn g~sjcnksjdz hkc b`kjcnr san nktjr`kgnkshl jg}hbs `d h }r`}`nc hbsj`k ond`rn }r`bnncjke ujsa js+84

Ond`rn djkhl cnjek hbsjtjsjn, }r`}nrsz hbx~jjsj`k, `r }r`fnbs b`ksr~bsj`k bhk }r`bnnc, sanDncnrhl Ajeauhz Hcgjkjsrhsj`k !DAUH* `r Dncnrhl Srhkjs Hcgjkjsrhsj`k !DSH* g~s h}}r`tnsan KN]H c`b~gnkshsj`k+ D~rsanr, js j C@S }`ljbz sahs hll nktjr`kgnkshl jktnsjehsj`k, rntjnu,hkc b`k~lshsj`k on b``rcjkhsnc h h jkeln }r`bn, hkc b`g}ljhkbn ujsa hll h}}ljbholnnktjr`kgnkshl rnx~jrngnks on rndlnbsnc jk san knbnhrz KN]H c`b~gnks+85

^kcnr saj ~gornllh b`g}ljhkbn }r`bn, san cjsjkbsj`k onsunnk uahs j rnx~jrnc oz KN]H hkcrnx~jrngnks jcnksjdjncc~rjke san KN]H b`g}ljhkbn }r`bn ghz on ol~rrnc+ _nbèkjvjke sahscjsjkbsj`k j rnlnthks jk jcnksjdzjke r``s bh~n `d }r`fnbs cnlhz h`bjhsnc ujsa, `r nddnbsjtn

`l~sj`k sahs ghz nq}ncjsn, san nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn+ _nbnks lnejlhsjtn ndd`rs sahsjksnkcnc s` nq}ncjsn nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu !nkhbsnc ~kcnr RHDNSNH hkc SNH'?8* d`b~nc}rjghrjlz k nlngnks `d KN]H b`g}ljhkbn, }hrsjb~lhrlz rnx~jrngnks h}}ljbholn s` ghf`r, knuajeauhz hkc srhkjs }r`fnbs+

]r`tjj`k h}}ljbholn s` san nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn jk A+_+ 5 hkc GH]'?8 hl` d`b~}rjghrjlz `k san KN]H b`g}ljhkbn }r`bn, o~s jkbl~cn }r`tjj`k sahs nqsnkc onz`kc KN]H+81Enknrhllz, san A`~n }r`}`hl u`~lc jkt`ltn g`rn unn}jke bahken s` san nqjsjke }r`bnb`g}hrnc s` sa`n jk GH]'?8+ ]r`tjj`k jk o`sa ojll hrn or`hclz jksnkcnc s` nq}ncjsn ajeauhzhkc srhkjs }r`fnbs cnljtnrz oz bahkejke nqjsjke nktjr`kgnkshl b`g}ljhkbn rnx~jrngnks+ Hb`g}lnq rhken `d dhbs`r u`~lc hddnbs san cnernn s` uajba san }r`}`nc bahken ghz hbbnlnrhsnsan nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn, hkc ~lsjghsnlz }r`fnbs cnljtnrz, `r ghz rn~ls jk bahken s` san}r`bn sahs ghz hbs~hllz lù }r`fnbs cnljtnrz !n+e+, oz rng`tjke gnbahkjg s` b``rcjkhsn san}`snksjhllz b`g}lnq nktjr`kgnkshl b`g}ljhkbn }r`bn `r oz hccjke rnx~jrngnks s` sahs}r`bn*+8:

Jk GH]'?8, }r`}`nc bahken s` san nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn hrn lhrenlz jkbl~cnc ~kcnrR~osjsln B, Hbbnlnrhsj`k `d ]r`fnbs Cnljtnrz+ Ndd`rs s` nq}ncjsn `tnrhll }r`fnbs cnljtnrz jkGH]'?8 d`b~ k nlngnks d san KN]H }r`bn+ Sanz jkbl~cn }r`tjj`k h}}ljbholn s` }r`fnbs

84 Rnn B_R _n}`rs _L228>?, San Khsj`khl Nktjr`kgnkshl ]`ljbz Hbs !KN]H*6 Ohbier`~kc hkc Jg}lngnkshsj`k , ozLjkch L~sanr, hkc B_R _n}`rs _R?=4?8, @tnrtjnu `d Khsj`khl Nktjr`kgnkshl ]`ljbz Hbs !KN]H* _nx~jrngnks, ozIrjsjkh Hlnqhkcnr+85 Rnn san DAUH Nktjr`kgnkshl _ntjnu S``lijs unojsn, rnehrcjke KN]H hkc ]r`fnbs Cntnl`}gnks,

ass}6//nktjr`kgnks+dauh+c`s+e`t/}r`fcnt/jkcnq+h}+ Saj unojsn hl` ah jkd`rghsj`k h}}ljbholn s` srhkjs }r`fnbs+ @k}r`fnbs srnhgljkjke, nn ass}6//nktjr`kgnks+dauh+c`s+e`t/srglke/jkcnq+h}, n}nbjhllz san jkd`rghsj`k jkbl~cnc ~kcnr]rèrhg @tnrtjnu hkc RHDNSNH+81 San ~gghrz `d }r`tjj`k jkbl~cnc jk saj rn}`rs j k`s jksnkcnc s` on hk nqah~sjtn ljs `d sa`n h}}ljbholn s` sannktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn `r s` jcnksjdz inz }`ljbz j~n h`bjhsnc ujsa sa`n }r`tjj`k+ D`r hkhlzj `d sa`nj~n, b`kshbs Ljkch L~sanr, Hkhlzs jk Nktjr`kgnkshl ]`ljbz !5'41>?*, `r Irjsjkh Hlnqhkcnr, Lnejlhsjtn Hss`rknz jksan Hgnrjbhk Lhu Cjtjj`k !5'1>:5*+8: Rnn B_R _n}`rs _38:35,Hbbnlnrhsjke Ajeauhz hkc Srhkjs ]r`fnbs Cnljtnrz6 J~n hkc @}sj`k d`r B`kern, ozUjlljhg F+ Ghllnss hkc Ljkch L~sanr+

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B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn 8=

ljinlz s` jkt`ltn rn}hjr `r ghjksnkhkbn s` nqjsjke dhbjljsjn hkc u`~lc nq}hkc ~}`k `r b`ksjk~nbnrshjk rnx~jrngnks nsholjanc ~kcnr RHDNSNH+ R`gn }r`tjj`k hl` jkbl~cn shsngnks db`kernj`khl }rj`rjsjn `r rnjkd`rbn san b`ksjk~nc knnc d`r hbsjtjsjn b~rrnkslz onjke jg}lngnksncoz C@S `r sahs hrn hlrnhcz jkbl~cnc jk C@S KN]H rne~lhsj`k+ Jk hccjsj`k s` KN]H'}nbjdjbrnx~jrngnks, GH]'?8 u`~lc nsholja rnx~jrngnks h}}ljbholn s` henkbjn sahs ghz on rnx~jrnc

s` }r`tjcn `gn lntnl `d jk}~s `r h}}r`thl c~rjke KN]H c`b~gnks }rn}hrhsj`k+

Jk san A`~n ojll, }r`tjj`k h}}ljbholn s` san nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn hrn lhrenlz jkbl~cnc~kcnr Sjsln JJJ, Nktjr`kgnkshl Rsrnhgljkjke !sann }r`tjj`k u`~lc enknrhllz hgnkc Dncnrhl'Hjc Ajeauhz rnx~jrngnks, o~s ghz hl` h}}lz s` srhkjs }r`fnbs*, hkc R~osjsln B, ]r`fnbsCntnl`}gnks hkc _ntjnu, ~kcnr Sjsln TJJJ, _hjlr`hc !uajba u`~lc hgnkc Sjsln 3:rnx~jrngnks h}}ljbholn s` _hjl }rèrhg*+ ]r`tjj`k jkbl~cnc ~kcnr sann sjsln u`~lcnqsnkjtnlz bahken san KN]H rnx~jrngnks h}}ljbholn s` dncnrhl ajeauhz hkc srhkjs }r`fnbs+ H}r`}`nc, KN]H u`~lc k` l`kenr h}}lz s` ajeauhz r srhkjs }r`fnbs sahs b`s ln sahk #8=gjllj`k `r d`r uajba dncnrhl d~kcjke b`ksjs~sn 8>. `r ln `d s`shl }r`fnbs b`s+ D`r }r`fnbssjll ~ofnbs s` KN]H, A+_+ 5 u`~lc jekjdjbhkslz bahken san KN]H b`g}ljhkbn }r`bn oz,hg`ke `sanr rnx~jrngnks, bahkejke6 san rhken `d }`snksjhl }r`fnbs hlsnrkhsjtn sahs g~s on

b`kjcnrnc9 san d`rghs d hkc hkhlzj rnx~jrnc jk bnrshjk KN]H c`b~gnks9 hkc san lntnl `dnthl~hsj`k rnx~jrnc s` cnsnrgjkn b~g~lhsjtn }r`fnbs jg}hbs+ San A`~n ojll u`~lc hl` rnx~jrnhenkbjn `~sjcn C@S s` hcanrn s` }nbjdjb sjgndrhgn s` }r`tjcn knbnhrz }nrgjs `r h}}r`thl9nsholja h ?5= chz cnhcljkn d`r b`g}lnsjke san `tnrhll nktjr`kgnkshl rntjnu }r`bn9 hkcnsholja ljgjs s` f~cjbjhl rntjnu hkc s` lnehl ~ddjbjnkbz shkchrc h}}ljbholn s` nktjr`kgnkshlc`b~gnks+ ]r`tjj`k jk san A`~n }r`}`hl u`~lc hl` jekjdjbhkslz hgnkc rnx~jrngnksh}}ljbholn s` }hri, ujlcljdn rnd~en, rnbrnhsj`k hrnh, hkc ajs`rjb jsn `r }r`}nrsjn+

Ajeauhz Rhdnsz?=

San Khsj`khl Ajeauhz Srhddjb Rhdnsz Hcgjkjsrhsj`k !KASRH* b~rrnkslz ah 8= }rèrhgghijke erhks s` shsn`kn d`rg~lh }rèrhg hkc kjkn jkbnksjtn erhks }rèrhg}l~ ntnrhl`sanr }rèrhg }r`g`sjke ajeauhz hdnsz+ San A`~n ojll, A+_+ 5, u`~lc b`k`ljchsn hll sann}rèrhg jks` `kn enknrhl ajeauhz hdnsz erhks }rèrhg, hs h rnc~bnc lntnl `d d~kcjke+ SanA`~n ojll u`~lc }ràjojs san ~n `d dncnrhl d~kcjke s` gnh~rn san rhsn `d g`s`rbzbln anlgns~hen `r s` brnhsn banbi}`jks d`r g`s`rbzbljs+

San Rnkhsn ajeauhz hdnsz }r`tjj`k unrn ghrinc ~} jk R+ 833:+ H h}}r`tnc oz sanB`ggnrbn, Rbjnkbn, hkc Srhk}`rshsj k B`ggjssnn, san ojll u`~lc rnshjk g`s d KASRHnqjsjke jkbnksjtn erhks }rèrhg hkc u`~lc brnhsn hk`sanr6 hk jkbnksjtn erhks }rèrhg s`nkb`~rhen shsn s` ghin snqsjke uajln crjtjke hkc san ~n `d h bnll }a`kn oz crjtnr ~kcnr hen 81}rjghrz srhddjb ddnkn+ San Rnkhsn ojll u`~lc h~sa`rjvn jekjdjbhkslz ajeanr ajeauhz hdnszerhks jk DZ?=8? hkc DZ?=82 sahk san A`~n ojll !nn Sholn >*+ San B`ggnrbn B`ggjssnn ah

ghrinc ~} o~s k`s zns rn}`rsnc `~s san ojll9 san h~sa`rjvhsj`k aùk jk Sholn > hkc jk H}}nkcjqDje~rn H'> hrn shink dr`g san ojll h jksr`c~bnc+

?= Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz C+ _hkcz ]nsnrghk, Hkhlzs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz+

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14/28



Sholn >+ Ajeauhz Rhdnsz Erhks s` Rshsn

Gjllj`k C`llhr

DZ?=88 DZ?=8? DZ?=82Hkk~hllz,

DZ?=83'DZ?=84

B~rrnks #4?= #>>= A+_+ 5 3:2 3:2

Rnkhsn GH]'?8 41? 4:8

R`~rbn6 B~rrnks lhu6 dje~rn shink dr`g C@S o~cens sholn jk A+_n}s+ 88?'?139 A+_+ 5 >==?9 Gh}'?86 R+ 833: 8=8+

B`ggnrbjhl Sr~bijke Rhdnsz?8

O`sa san A`~n hkc Rnkhsn ojll u`~lc brnhsn h blnhrjkea`~n `d cr~e hkc hlb`a`l sns rn~ls ozb`ggnrbjhl crjtnr jk `rcnr s` }rntnks crjtnr ua` ahtn dhjlnc h sns dr`g ht`jcjke }nkhlsjn ozujsbajke ng}l`znr+ O`sa ojll u`~lc hl` srnkesank C@S hojljsz s` hbs hehjks rnjkbhrkhsnc

bhrrjnrbhrrjnr ua`n `}nrhsj`k ahtn onnk ~}nkcnc c~n s` hdnsz tj`lhsj`k uajba sankrn~gn `}nrhsj`k ~kcnr h knu khgn+ San su` ojll }r`tjcn jgjlhr lntnl `d d~kcjke d`r sr~bihdnsz erhks s` shsn !nn Sholn 4*+

San Rnkhsn ojll !b~rrnkslz R+ 8:>=* u`~lc rnx~jrn sahs nlnbsr`kjb `k'o`hrc rnb`rcnr on ~nc `k hllsr~bi hkc o~n !jk jksnrshsn b`ggnrbn* s` jg}r`tn b`g}ljhkbn ujsa a`~r'`d'nrtjbnrne~lhsj`k+ San B`ggnrbn B`ggjssnn ah ghrinc ~} o~s k`s zns rn}`rsnc `~s san ojll9 sanh~sa`rjvhsj`k a`uk jk Sholn 4 hkc jk H}}nkcjq Dje~rn H'4 hrn shink dr`g san ojll hjksr`c~bnc+

Sholn 4+ Sr~bi Rhdnsz Erhks s` Rshsn

Gjllj`k c`llhr

DZ?=88 DZ?=8? DZ?=82Hkk~hllz,

DZ?=83'DZ?=84

B~rrnks #28= #2=5

A+_+ 5 2=5 2=5

Rnkhsn GH]'?8 28= 28>

R`~rbn6 B~rrnks lhu6 dje~rn shink dr`g C@S o~cens sholn jk A+_n}s+ 88?'?139 A+_+ 5 48=8 $ 48=?9 GH]'?86 R+8:>= 4=4+

?8 Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz C+ _hkcz ]nsnrghk, Hkhlzs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz+

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15/28


B`kernj`khl _nnhrba Rnrtjbn 8?

Srhk}`rshsj`k Djkhkbn??

Jk san A`~n, nqsnkcjke san h~sa`rjsjn d`r san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc hkc }r`tjcjke rntnk~n s`~}}`rs san ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k ojll dhll ~kcnr san f~rjcjbsj`k d san Uhz hkc Gnhk

B`ggjssnn+ @k Dnor~hrz 2, ?=8?, san b`ggjssnn ghrinc'~} hkc rn}`rsnc dht`rholz, A+_+ 2143,san Hgnrjbhk Nknrez hkc Jkdrhsr~bs~rn Fò Djkhkbjke Hbs `d ?=8?, hkc, h k`snc nhrljnr, ahonnk jkb`r}`rhsnc jks` A+_+ 5+

Jk san Rnkhsn, san Djkhkbn B`ggjssnn b`kjcnrnc san djkhkbjhl sjsln `d R+ 8182, ghrijke js ~} hkcrn}`rsjke js dht`rholz `k Dnor~hrz 5, ?=8?+?2 O`sa san Rnkhsn hkc A`~n b`ggjssnn u`rinc s`djkc hccjsj`khl rntnk~n `r o~cens `ddns s` orjcen san eh} onsunnk hksjbj}hsnc ASD rntnk~nhkc san h~sa`rjvhsj`k lntnl jk GH]'?8 hkc A+_+ 5+

Djkhkbjhl ]r`tjj`k jk Rnkhsn Ojll

San djkhkbn sjsln `d san Rnkhsn ojll, R+ 8182, u`~lc nqsnkc ajeauhz'rnlhsnc shqn hs b~rrnks lntnl

sar`~ea DZ?=8> hkc u`~lc nqsnkc Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc nq}nkcjs~rn h~sa`rjsz sar`~ea DZ?=82+?3

San Rnkhsn Djkhkbn B`ggjssnn ojll h rn}`rsnc jkbl~cnc h thrjnsz `d rntnk~n }r`}`hl hjgnc hsrhjjke rntnk~n `r }r`tjcjke `ddns nx~hl s` #8=+> ojllj`k `tnr san ljdn `d GH]'?8+ San }r`}`hljkbl~cnc srhkdnrrjke #2 ojllj`k dr`g san ohlhkbn d san Lnhijke kcnrer`~kc Rs`rhen Shki!L^RS* Sr~s D~kc9 srhkdnr `d san Eh E~vvlnr Shq9 srhkdnr `d bnrshjk jg}`rs shrjdd9 bahken jksan srnhsgnks d jkanrjsnc Jkcjtjc~hl _nsjrngnks Hbb`~ks !J_H*, hkc sanr bahken+

San L^RS Sr~s D~kc, nsholjanc oz san R~}nrd~kc Hgnkcgnks hkc _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k Hbs d8:14, rnbnjtn rntnk~n }rjghrjlz dr`g h =+8 bnks }nr ehll`k nqbjn shq `k eh`ljkn hkc cjnnld~nl+ Hkk~hl cjbrnsj`khrz h}}r`}rjhsj`k dr`g san L^RS Sr~s D~kc ~}}`rs san Nktjr`kgnkshl]r`snbsj`k Henkbz !N]H* hkc san shsn jk hcgjkjsnrjke san Lnhijke ^kcnrer`~kc Rs`rhen Shki

!L^RS* b`rrnbsjtn hbsj`k }rèrhg hkc san ~kcnrer`~kc s`rhen shki !^RS* lnhi }rntnksj`k}rèrhg, h~sa`rjvnc ~kcnr san R`ljc Uhsn Cj}`hl Hbs+?>

?? Saj nbsj`k uh urjssnk oz _ònrs R+ Ijri, R}nbjhljs jk Srhk}`rshsj`k ]`ljbz9 Ghrz Sjnghkk, R}nbjhljs jkNktjr`kgnkshl ]`ljbz9 hkc B~rrz Ahenrsz, R}nbjhljs jk Nknrez hkc Khs~rhl _n`~rbn ]`ljbz+?2 D`r cnshjl `k san b`ggjssnn hbsj`k, nn ass}6//djkhkbn+nkhsn+e`t/knur``g/bahjrghk/rnlnhn/0jc7c??n1:dd'd=2b'34>?'h883'b8225bch2n:>+ Hl` ljki s` FBS sholn `d nsjghsnc rntnk~n nddnbs ass}6//uuu+fbs+e`t/}~oljbhsj`k+asgl0d~kb7shrscùk$jc732:1+?3 San Rnkhsn Djkhkbn B`ggjssnn ojll u`~lc nqsnkc san L^RS Shki Sr~s D~kc djkhkbjke rhsn `d =+8 bnks }nr ehll`ksar`~ea Rn}sngonr 2=, ?=8>+?> R~}nrd~kc Hgnkcgnks hkc _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k Hbs !RH_H9 ]+L+ ::'3::* hgnkcnc san R`ljc Uhsn Cj}`hl Hbs,R~osjsln J !3? ^+R+B+ 4::8 '4::8j* hkc h~sa`rjvnc N]H hkc shsn s` rn}`kc s` }jll hkc lnhi dr`g }nsr`ln~g~kcnrer`~kc s`rhen shki !^RS*+ RH_H hl` hgnkcnc san Jksnrkhl _ntnk~n B`cn `d 8:14 !?4 ^+R+B+ :>=1* s`brnhsn san Lnhijke ^kcnrer`~kc Rs`rhen Shki !L^RS* Sr~s D~kc s` anl} N]H hkc shsn b`tnr san b`s `d rn}`kcjkes` lnhijke }nsr`ln~g ^RS jk bhn uanrn ^RS ùknr `r `}nrhs`r c` k`s blnhk ~} h jsn+ Ajs`rjbhllz, N]H hkc sanshsn ~nc san hkk~hl L^RS Sr~s D~kc h}}r`}rjhsj`k ghjklz s` `tnrnn hkc nkd`rbn b`rrnbsjtn hbsj`k }nrd`rgnc ozrn}`kjoln }hrsjn, hkc hl` s` b`kc~bs b`rrnbsjtn hbsj`k uanrn k` rn}`kjoln }hrsz ah onnk jcnksjdjnc, uanrn hrn}`kjoln }hrsz dhjl s` b`g}lz ujsa h blnhk~} `rcnr, jk san ntnks `d hk ngnrenkbz, hkc s` shin b`s rnb`tnrz hbsj`k+San Nknrez ]`ljbz Hbs `d ?==> nq}hkcnc shsn hkc N]H rn}`kjojljsjn hkc h~sa`rjvnc san ~n `d sr~s d~kc g`kjn d`rsan dncnrhl ^RS lnhi }rntnksj`k hkc cnsnbsj`k }rèrhg h unll h san L^RS blnhk~} }rèrhg+

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16/28



San d~kc ahc hk ~kòljehsnc ohlhkbn `d #2+2:? ojllj`k hs san onejkkjke `d DZ?=8?+ Jk DZ?=8?,honks lnejlhsjtn bahken, san d~kc j nsjghsnc s` rnbnjtn #885 gjllj`k jk jksnrns }hzgnks `kjs ~kòljehsnc ohlhkbn hkc #818 gjllj`k jk shq rnbnj}s+ D`r nhba `d san }hs ntnrhl djbhl znhr,B`kern ah h}}r`}rjhsnc h}}r`qjghsnlz #882 gjllj k dr`g san sr~s d~kc+ Rshsn rnbnjtn, herhks, h gjkjg~g `d 1=. `d san hkk~hl h}}r`}rjhsj`k+ N]H ~n san rnghjkcnr s` bhrrz `~s js

rn}`kjojljsjn, jkbl~cjke jg}lngnksjke san }rèrhg `k Jkcjhk lhkc+

San Rnkhsn Djkhkbn B`ggjssnn ojll u`~lc cn}`js #2+5 ojllj`k jk ohlhkbn srhkdnr hkc d~s~rnrnbnj}s srhkdnr dr`g san L^RS sr~s d~kc jks` san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc+ @d saj, #2+= ojllj`ku`~lc on hk jggncjhsn srhkdnr `d nqjsjke ohlhkbn, hkc san `sanr #=+5 ojllj`k u`~lc b`gn dr`g`kn'sajrc `d san d~s~rn rnbnj}s `d san =+8 bnks'}nr'ehll`k shq `k eh`ljkn hkc cjnnl d~nl `tnr sanknqs 8= znhr+

Djkhkbjhl ]r`tjj`k jk A`~n ojll

San djkhkbn }r`tjj`k `d A+_+ 5 rnb`kdje~rn san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc+ Ujsajk saj b`ksnqs, sanrnhrn su` eh} san ojll knnc s` djll ujsa rntnk~n jkbrnhn `r `ddns+ @kn eh} j san cjddnrnkbn

onsunnk san ajeauhz hbb`~ks rntnk~n hkc ohlhkbn hkc san h~sa`rjvnc lntnl jk san ojll+ San`sanr j san #3= ojllj`k `d enknrhl d~kc rn`~rbn d`r san knu hlsnrkhsjtn srhk}`rshsj k hbb`~ksbrnhsnc oz san ojll+

@dda`rn @jl hkc Eh _ntnk~n

San A`~n ojll?4 nqsnkc ajeauhz'rnlhsnc shqn sar`~ea DZ?=81 !Rnb+ 8>==2* hkc Ajeauhz Sr~sD~kc nq}nkcjs~rn h~sa`rjsz sar`~ea DZ?=84 !Rnb+ 8>==?*+ ^kljin san Rnkhsn ojll, js u`~lc k`shll`bhsn ohlhkbn `r rntnk~n dr`g san L^RS sr~s d~kc s` san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc+?5 Jksnhc,Rnb+ 8>==3 cjrnbs jkbrnhn jk dncnrhl rntnk~n dr`g `ka`rn hkc `dda`rn c`gnsjb nknrezlnhjke hkc }r`c~bsj`k enknrhsnc oz rnh`k `d san nkhbsgnks `d Sjsln QTJJ `d A+_+ 5 jks` san

ajeauhz hbb`~ks `d san Ajeauhz Sr~s D~kc+ Saj u`~lc nsholja h knu hll`bhsj`k `de`tnrkgnks rnbnj}s dr`g knulz h~sa`rjvnc dda`rn crjlljke hbsjtjsjn+

San shs~s`rz ohj d`r `dda`rn nknrez cntnl`}gnks j san @~snr B`ksjknkshl Ranld Lhkc Hbs,?1uajba j hcgjkjsnrnc }rjghrjlz oz san Cn}hrsgnks `d san Jksnrj`r+ San ohjb sr~bs~rn `d san`dda`rn }rèrhg hllù san Cn}hrsgnks `d san Jksnrj`r s` lnhn san rjeas s` cntnl`} `jl hkc ehrn`~rbn jk dncnrhl `bnhk hrnh jk nqbahken d`r ~}dr`ks }hzgnks, rnkshl }hzgnks, hkc r`zhlsjn+Hbb`rcjke s` san cn}hrsgnks @ddjbn `d Khs~rhl _n`~rbn _ntnk~n, dncnrhl rnbnj}s dr`g`dda`rn `jl hkc eh bhgn s` #4+> ojllj`k jk DZ?=88+

^kcnr b~rrnks lhu, rnbnj}s dr`g nqjsjke `dda`rn lnhn }rèrhg hrn hll`bhsnc s` h thrjnsz `d}rèrhg oz shs~sn+ San Lhkc hkc Uhsnr B`knrthsj`k D~kc !nsholjanc ~kcnr ]+L+ :='3=8*rnbnjtn h #:== gjllj`k hkk~hl hll`bhsj`k, hkc san Khsj`khl Ajs`rjb ]rnnrthsj`k D~kc!nsholjanc ~kcnr ]+L+ :3'3??* rnbnjtn h #8>= gjllj`k hll`bhsj`k hkk~hllz+ Jk hccjsj`k, }`rsj`k`d dncnrhl rnbnj}s dr`g bnrshjk ~ognrenc hbrnhen hrn }nrghknkslz h}}r`}rjhsnc s` san shsn,

?4 ass}6//c`b+a`~n+e`t/ojllsajunni/?=8?=?82/B]_S'88?'A]_S'_^=='A_5_B]+}cd+?5 A+_+ 5, nb+ 8>==?!b* u`~lc hgnkc san Jksnrkhl _ntnk~n B`cn s` nqsnkc san L^RS Sr~s D~kc shq dr`g H}rjl 8,?=8? ~ksjl @bsònr 8, ?=84+?1 32 ^+R+B+ 8228+

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17/28



ujsa san E~ld B`hs shsn !Hlhohgh, L`~jjhkh, Gjjj}}j, hkc Snqh* rnbnjtjke hccjsj`khld~kc dr`g }nbjdjnc lnhn+

Hlsnrkhsjtn Srhk}`rshsj`k Hbb`~ks _ntnk~n hkc Hlsnrkhsjtn Djkhkbjke

Rnb+ 8>==> `d san A+_+ 5 rnkhgn san Gh Srhkjs Hbb`~ks `d san ASD san hlsnrkhsjtnsrhk}`rshsj`k hbb`~ks, }r`tjcn san hbb`~ks ujsa h `kn'sjgn h}}r`}rjhsj`k `d #3= ojllj`k, hkcg`tn nqjsjke ohlhkbn `d san Gh Srhkjs Hbb`~ks hs san sjgn `d nkhbsgnks s` san ajeauhzhbb`~ks `d san ASD+ Sjsln QTJ, Dncnrhl Ng}l`znn _nsjrngnks, h}}nhr s` on jkbl~cnc s` }r`tjcn`ddnssjke rntnk~n d`r san #3= ojllj`k jk enknrhl d~kc rntnk~n }r`tjcnc s` san hlsnrkhsjtnsrhk}`rshsj`k hbb`~ks `tnr san ljdn `d san ojll+

Hk nqjsjke dncnrhl }rèrhg }r`tjcjke brncjs hjshkbn !nb~rnc l`hk, l`hk e~hrhksnn, hkc ljkn`d brncjs* s` lhren srhk}`rshsj`k jkdrhsr~bs~rn }r`fnbs j san SJDJH }rèrhg+ GH]'?8 }r`}`nntnrhl jekjdjbhks bahken s` san SJDJH }rèrhg+ ]nrah} g`s jg}`rshkslz, san ojll }r`}`n sèrnhslz nklhren san }rèrhg oz h~sa`rjvjke #8 ojllj`k hkk~hllz, ~} dr`g san #8?? gjllj`k hkk~hllzjk RHDNSNH+ Rjgjlhrlz, A+_+ 5 h~sa`rjvn #8 ojllj`k hkk~hllz d`r SJDJH+ Sann d~kc ujll on

hthjlholn s` }hz san hcgjkjsrhsjtn hkc ~ojcz b`s?: `d san }rèrhg+ Hcgjkjsrhsjtn b`s hrnbh}}nc hs 8. `d saj hg`~ks jk GH]'?8 hkc #2+?>= gjllj`k jk A+_+ 5+ H~gjke #::= gjllj`k `dsan hkk~hl h~sa`rjvhsj`k j ~nc s` }hz l`hk ~ojcz b`s hkc san htnrhen ~ojcz b`s j 8=.,saj ghz }r`tjcn C@S ujsa san bh}hbjsz s` ghin l`hk s`shljke #:+: ojllj`k }nr znhr+

Jk hccjsj`k s` nklhrejke san SJDJH }rèrhg, A+_+ 5 hl` }r`}`n s` h~sa`rjvn #5>= gjllj`k }nrznhr }nbjdjbhllz d`r bh}jshljvjke shsn jkdrhsr~bs~rn ohki !RJO*+ B~rrnkslz, nhba shsn j hllùncs` ~n h }`rsj`k `d js dncnrhl ~rdhbn srhk}`rshsj`k d~kc s` bh}jshljvn h RJO jd js ` ba``n+

?: San ~ojcz b`s j san nsjghsnc l`ke'snrg b`s s` san e`tnrkgnks `d h cjrnbs l`hk `r h l`hk e~hrhksnn, bhlb~lhsnc`k h kns }rnnks thl~n ohj, nqbl~cjke hcgjkjsrhsjtn b`s, Dncnrhl Brncjs _nd`rg Hbs `d 8::= !DB_H*, Rnbsj`k >=?!>H*+

+


18/28


19/28

R~rdhbn Srhk}`rshsj`k _nh~sa`rjvhsj`k jk san 88

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Surface Transportation Reauthorization in the 112th Congress (Feb 2012)

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Transcript of Surface Transportation Reauthorization in the 112th Congress (Feb 2012)