Surface Systems Wellhead Training File (10 Puntos)
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Transcript of Surface Systems Wellhead Training File (10 Puntos)
Wellhead and Gate Valve Training Presentation
RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
PerformanceT H R O U G H L E A D E R S H I P
SURFACE SYSTEMS
Saturday, April 22, 2023
SURFACE SYSTEMS
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3rd QTR 2001 STRATEGY MEETING Global Facility Locations
Sales and Service Locations Manufacturing Plants, 2007 Capacity (in Units)
Edmonton, 4,200
Beziers & Leeds, (sub.)
Venezuela & Argentina, 700
Veracruz, 3,000
OKC, 2,400
Romania, 9,600
Singapore & Malaysia,
1,900
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Testing capabilities include:• Pressure, Bending• Harsh Environment• Fatigue • Tensile • Underwater/Hazardous• Choke Flow Characteristics• Hot Oil Circulation• Erosion• Pull/Push Load• Corrosion
Why Cameron?When it comes to setting industry standards, Cameron is the Measure of Technology.
We have a dedicated facility for research, development, and
proving of new products and technologies.
Facility Size: 53,000 sq ft
Cameron Product Showcase
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• Conventional Well Drilling / Completion
• Wellheads
• Christmas Trees
• Seal Technology
• Gate Valves
• Actuators
• Chokes
Surface Systems
Presentation Outline
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WellheadTerminology
A Section ------------------- Lowermost Casing Head Casing Housing Bradenhead
B Section ------------------- Intermediate Head Casing Spool
C Section ------------------ Tubing Spool Tubing Head
Christmas Tree ---------------- Tree Cap
Swab Valve
Tee
Upper Master Valve
Lower Master Valve
Casing Hanger
Landing Base
Packoff
Tubing Hanger
Outboard Actuated Safety Valve
------------- Wing
Choke
Outboard Valve
Annulus Valves
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Conventional Well Drilling/Completion
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Wellhead
Common Features:• Wellhead support and suspend casing string• Provides a connection point for the pressure control
equipment• Contains well pressure• Allows access into the production and annulus bores
Types:• Independent (screwed connection)• Non-Conventional• Conventional (flanged connection)
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Features:• Low cost option• Low pressure wells (<3K)• Adaptable for Tubingless completions• All-threaded joints• Slip or mandrel tubing suspension
Independent (Screwed Wellheads)
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Non-ConventionalMBS, MB20, TSW, DBTS, SSMC, SS, CSW
Features: • Enhanced safety• Rig time savings• Internal lock down• Space savings• Quick connects• Weight savings
SURFACE SYSTEMS
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Features:• Lower two housings installed through
rotary• Two casing strings run with only one
BOP N/U• High hanging capacity• Rated 5-15K completions
MBSMulti-Bowl System
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MB20Multi-Bowl System 20K
Features:• Extreme services• High hanging capacity• High pressure completions• Dual Multi-bowl design• Fast Clamp connection• Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities
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TSWTime Savings Wellhead
Features:• Low cost• 3-10K completions• Installed through rotary• Threaded ring quick connect• Mandrel hangers available• Frac mandrel allows for 10K fracturing on 5K
completions
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DBTSDual Barrier Time Saver
Features: • Low cost• 3-10K completions• Fluted mandrel hanger• Installed through rotary• Threaded ring quick connect• Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-
down• Dual barrier sealing and testing
capabilities
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Features: • 5-15K completions• Multi-bowl design• Installed through rotary• Fluted mandrel hanger• Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities• Flangelock or Fastlock quick connects• Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-down• Lends itself to offshore installations where space and
weight are concerns
Fastlock ConnectorFlangelock Connector
SSMCStandard Snap-Ring Modular Compact
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SS WellheadSpace Saver
Features: • Low cost• Compact profile• Eliminates tubing spool• Latch type tubing hanger• 3-10K completions• Nested hangers allow reduced stack-
up heights
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Features: • Field proven• Improved safety• Simple operation• Low maintenance• Cost effective system • Maximizes platform space• Modular design using SSMC
components• Reduced installation time
CSWConductor Sharing Wellhead
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C-15 EX Mudline System
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Conventional Flanged Wellheads
Features: • High Pressure• Severe service• Robust with high integrity seals• Most Common• API Connections
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Features: • Bottom connection• Side outlets• Top connection• Hanger Bowl• Optional landing base
“A” SectionCasing Housing
Also known as: • Lower casing head• Casing Housing• Braden Head• Starter Head
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Casing HousingBottom Connection Types
Slip-On and Weld (SOW) Threaded Slip Lock
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Casing HousingCAMFORGE™ Casing Connection System
Features: • 10K pressure rating• No welding or pre-machining• Hydraulic pressure forms pressure tight metal seal• Mechanical casing cut, so existing Production can continue
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Features: • Bottom connection• Secondary seal• Side outlets• Top connection• Hanger bowl
“B” Section: Intermediate SpoolCasing Spool
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Casing SpoolSecondary Seal Types
P-Seal
NX Bushing
CANH Seal
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Casing HangersSlip Type
Automatic
Manual
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Side ViewCasing HangersMandrel
Features: • No waiting on cement • Can be run through BOP• BPV thread option• Hanger can be run with casing
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Casing HangersSide View
Fluted Mandrel
Features: • BPV thread option• No waiting on cement • Flow-by slots for cement• Can be run through BOP• Hanger can be run with casing• Separate retrievable Pack-off assy
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Tubing Spool“C” Section: Tubing Head
Features: • Side outlets• Hanger bowl• Secondary Seal• Top connection• Tie-Down screws• Bottom connection
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T-40-CL
CXS
Tubing Hanger Common Features: • BPV prep available• Provides annular seal • Provides landing thread• Suspends weight of tubing• Provides down-hole penetrations• Metal-to-Metal sealing options for HPHT
MTBS
Dual Completions
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Features: • Split hanger design• Resilient annular seal• Resilient or metal neck seal• Used for multiple completions• Continuous control line available
Tubing HangerDual Completions
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Features: • Production• SCSSV line• Pressure line• Temperature lines• Chemical injection• Electrical submersible
pump
Tubing HangerPenetrations
Continuous
Non-continuous
ESP
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Tubing Head Adapter
Features: • Flange test port• Control line exit preparation• Tree connection preparation• Metal and/or resilient neck seal
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“Connection Seal” used as an atmospheric seal at all wellhead interfaces
“Primary Seal” used to pack off between the wellhead and the casing in the bowl
“Secondary Seal” used to seal the casing string into the next wellhead bottom
Seal Terminology
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1. Casing Hangers: Energized automatically by weight of casing, or manually by cap screws or tie-down screws.
2. Tubing Hangers:-Metal or elastomeric sealing-Machined surface finish sealing area
• Metal or elastomer seals available.• Installed in the bottom of the wellhead• Seals against un-machined casing. • Self-energized by radial squeeze or manually by adding plastic packing.
Seal DescriptionsPrimary Seals:
Secondary Seals:
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Description P Seal NX Bushing T Seal Canh Seal
Service Rating Standard and/or Moderately Severe
Standard and/or Moderately Severe Standard Severe/ Corrosive
Seal Type Elastomeric Elastomeric Elastomeric Metal-To-Metal
Working Pressure Upto 15,000 psi 10,000 psi 5,000 psi 15,000 - 20,000 psi
Means of Energizing Seal Plastic Packing Plastic Packing Radial Interference Flange / Tie-down /
Hydraulic Make-up
Size Range 4-1/2 in. to 24 in. 4-1/2 in. to 16 in. 4-1/2 in. to 18-5/8 in. 3-1/2 in. to 16 in.
Secondary Seals Comparison Chart
Seal Technology
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Elastomeric Seals
O-Ring
P Seal
T Seal
S Seal
Metal End Cap
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Metal-to-Metal Seals
CANH MTBS SRL
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Connection Seals
R Ring Gasket
RX Ring Gasket
BX (face-to-face contact)
CF Ring Gasket
API
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Features: • Single check available to release
bore pressure• Double check available to release
bore pressure• Run with polished rod lubricator or
dry rod
What is it used for?Installed into tubing hanger or mandrel casing hanger to close secure well bore pressures
Seal
Handling Thread
Hanger Thread
Valve Spring
Valve Stem
BPV TWC
Back Pressure Valve & Two Way Check
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Features: • Utilizes one tool for both BPV and TWC
options• Increased safety over H type BPV / TWC• Rig time savings
Back Pressure ValveType HP BPV
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Features:• Valves• Tee and crosses• Actuators• Tree cap• Choke• Blind / instrument flanges• Needle valves / pressure gauges
Christmas TreesComponents
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Features:• Cost effective• Repair by replacement• Flexible manufacturing• Single or dual-completions• Large bore, high pressure available• Alternative stack-up arrangements
possible
Christmas TreesLoose Valves
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Features:• Compact design• Minimum leak paths• Multi-cavity single forging • High structural strength• Single or dual-completions• Ideal for offshore platform
applications
Christmas TreesSolid Block Valves
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• Expanding gate valves
Model M• Slab gate valves
FLSFLS-R (XHPHT)
• Valve Selection
Gate Valve Technology
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Features:• 5-20K rating• Forged body• Metal Sealing• Back-seat capability• Low-torque operation• Corrosion resistant materials • Easily maintained, no special tools needed for field
repair
FLS Gate ValveSlab Gate
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Features:• Cast body• Metal sealing• Low pressure (5K)• Low-torque operation• Upstream/downstream seal• Does not require lubricants to seal• Seat faces are isolated when valve is open
W-K-M Model MExpanding Gate
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Features:• 10-20K rating• Low torque• Value engineered• Bi-directional sealing• Ball screw assembly • Back seats top and bottom• Ease of operation & maintenance • Minimum of turns lessen wear on stem seal
7-1/16 10,000 Frac Valve
FLS-R Gate ValveSlab Gate
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9” 5K
TORQUE
FLS800 Ft-Lb first 4.5 Turns40 Ft-Lb remaining 54 Turns
FLS-R150 Ft-Lb first 2 Turns20 Ft-Lb remaining 36 Turns
FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison
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FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison6-3/8” 15K
TORQUE
FLS1800 Ft-Lb first 6.5 Turns55 Ft-Lb remaining 32 Turns
FLS-R225 Ft-Lb first 2.5 Turns20 Ft-Lb remaining 12.75 Turn
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Fail-As-Is with Hydraulic actuator.Gulf Mexico 7500’ water depth
FLS-R Gate ValveHPHT 9 in. 15 k
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HPHT Wellhead-Tree 20,000 PSI / 300 Plus DegreesXHP/HT
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Size (in.)
1-13/16
2-1/16
2-9/16
345-1/8
6-3/8
7-3/8
9
FL Slab type or M expanding gate
FLS Slab type gate valves
FLS slab type gate valves with tailrod for manual valves
Pressure Rating (psi)
2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000
FLS Slab type gate valves
Note 1:
Note 1: Use FLS Slab type gate valves for Clad or subsea applications.2: FL and FLS are forged, Model M is cast.
Gate Valve SelectionWellhead Applications
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API TEMP CLASSIFICATION
OPERATING RANGE(DEG. F)
OPERATING RANGE(DEG. C)
(MIN.) (MAX.) (MIN.) (MAX.)
K -75 TO 180 -60 TO 82
L -50 TO 180 -46 TO 82
N -50 TO 140 -46 TO 60
P -20 TO 180 -29 TO 82
R ROOM TEMPERATURE ROOM TEMPERATURE
S 0 TO 140 -18 TO 60
T 0 TO 180 -18 TO 82
U 0 TO 250 -18 TO 121
V 35 TO 250 2 TO 121
API Temperature Classes
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API Material Class Body, Bonnet, End & Outlet Connections
Pressure Controlling Parts, Stems, & Mandrel Hangers
AA- General Service Carbon or low alloy steel Carbon or low alloy steelb
BB- General Service Carbon or low alloy steel Stainless Steel
CC- General Service Stainless Steel Stainless Steel
DD- Sour Servicea Carbon or low alloy steelb Carbon or low alloy steelb
EE- Sour Servicea Carbon or low alloy steelb Stainless steelb
FF- Sour Servicea Stainless steelb Stainless steelb
HH- Sour Servicea Corrosion Resistant Alloyb Corrosion Resistant Alloyb
ZZ- Sour Service User Definedb User Definedb
API Material Class
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Material Type Application (Part)Maximum H2S at
5000 psi (34,5 Mpa)
Minimum pH of water phase
Maximum Temperature
Carbon or Low Alloy Steel
Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem No Limit No Limit No Limit
410 or F6NM Stainless Steel
Body, Bonnet, Gate, Seat No Limit 3.5 No Limit
Stem or Hanger 300 ppm 3.5 No Limit
17-4 PH SST or Monel k-500 Valve Stems Only 100 ppm 4.5 No Limit
316 or 304 Stainless Steel
Ring Gasket No Limit No Limit No Limit
Gate, Seat, Stem 3000 ppm No Limit 140° F (60° C)
Stellite or Tungsten Carbide
Gates, Seats Choke, Trim No Limit No Limit No Limit
Nickel Alloys 718 and 925
Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem
No Limit No Limit 275° F (135° C)
40000 ppm No Limit 400° F (204° C)
Nickel Alloys 625 and 825
Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem No Limit No Limit No Limit
NACE Material Usage Limits
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Pneumatic Diaphragm and Piston
Features:• Used on remotely operate valves and chokes • Uses basic air supply to operate• 170 psi operating pressure• Simple, but robust design• Inexpensive to install and maintain• Manufactured to NACE MR0175, (H2S)• May be MMS certified for offshore installations
Actuators
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Features: • Used in multiple applications• Available for valves from 2” to 9”• Single or double piston design available• Visual indicators for easy viewing• Wire line cutting capability if needed• Often used offshore where space and
weight are critical• Fail open / close / in-place• Ideal for extreme cold environment
56
ActuatorsHydraulic Piston
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ChokesDefinition:
Restriction in a flow line that causes a pressure drop or reduces the rate of flow through an orifice
Types:• Fixed bean• Needle and seat• External sleeve• Plug & cage
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Needle and Seat:• Simplest application• Least expensive adjustable
choke • Best for pressure control• High capacity
Plug and Cage:• High capacity • Good controllability • Eliminates body erosion
Fixed Bean:• Best for infrequent
adjustments • Used on Production Xmas
trees
External Sleeve:• Superior erosion resistance • Eliminates body erosion
Choke Throttling Methods
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Types of ChokesThere are two types of Chokes that are commonly available.
Fixed or Positive Adjustable Chokes
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H2 Needle and Seat ChokesBody Sizes: 2”, 3” 4”Trim Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”
Pressure Ratings: To 15,000 psi
• Positive & Adjustable• Minimum Parts easily maintained• Easily changed from fixed to
adjustable• Can pass relatively large solids
• Typical applications:• Wellheads• Production Manifolds• Choke & Kill Manifolds• Well Testing & Clean-up
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“MOV” Multiple Orifice Valve ChokeBody Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”
Trim Sizes: Disc TrimsPressure Ratings: 3,000 psi to 10,000 psi
• Positive & Adjustable• Minimum Parts easily maintained• Precision Flow Control• Good Shut-off capabilities• Reversible seats
• Typical applications:• Wellheads• Manifolds• Gas lift, CO2 injection• Subsea applications
The MOV uses two matched discs, each with a pair of circular openings to create variable flow as one disc is rotated relative to the other.
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To allow Flow Coefficient to be calculated for a complete range of fluids, including multi-phase. Cameron Willis has developed the most validated choke sizing program in the industry. It is based on scientific principles and results of extensive flow capacity testing.To ensure optimum accuracy the sizing program contains an extensive database of Cameron Willis choke designs, sizes, & trim characteristics and is capable of predicting the onset of cavitation and choked flow.
Choke Sizing
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Correct Sizing is critical to proper Choke Performance
OVERSIZED• Reduced Controllability• Vibration• Increased Erosion
UNDERSIZED• Insufficient Flow Capacity• Lower Production Rates• Excessive Pressure Drops
Choke Sizing
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Wellhead an arrangement of pressure containing housings and spools, connected together in a pressure-tight assembly supporting multiple, concentric strings of casing / tubing.
Summary
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Casing Hangers top of the casing string landed in a housing bowl to support the weight of string and seal off the annulus. Seal energized by string weight, tie-down screws or manually torquing cap screws.
Tubing Hangers
top of the tubing to support the tubing weight, seal off from the annulus and allow down hole penetrations to penetrate the hanger.
Summary
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Christmas Tree an assembly of valves, flanges, crosses, tees and chokes to control flow from (or into) a well.
Actuators pneumatic or hydraulic actuated devices to remotely close in a valve.
Chokes
a restriction in the flowline to control flowrate and pressure of the well.
Summary
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RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
SURFACE SYSTEMS