The Material World of Color: Chemical Characterization of Pigments ...
Surface Modified Color Pigments - Cabot...
Transcript of Surface Modified Color Pigments - Cabot...
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Yuan Yu and Friedrich von GottbergDate
Surface Modified Color Pigments
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Outline
• Technology background– Diazonium Reaction
• Commercial products• Extension to color pigments
– Physical properties– Stability testing– Print properties
• Surface modification versatility• Key benefits• Summary
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Diazonium Formation
US Patent 5,554,739 5,922,118
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Surface Modification Reaction
R = COOH = SO3 H = Polymer
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CO2-
Na+
CO2 HNa+
Na+CO2
-
CO2-
H2 OCNa+
CO2-
CO2-
Cab-O-Jet® 300
Na+SO3
-
Na+
SO3 H
Na+
Na+
Na+SO3
-
SO3-
SO3-
Na+
SO3-
SO3-
Cab-O-Jet® 200
Na+
Microns Particle Size
.0723 .343702468
101214161820
Example Commercial Products
SO3 HCOOH
Yes1.5
NoWaterfastness1.4Optical Density
Print Performance
Frequency
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Extension to Color Pigments - Questions
• Will diazonium chemistry work on organic colorpigments
• By modifying surface with solubilizing groups willone create dye
• Will surface modification alter color properties andlightfastness
• Can we create a stable color pigment dispersion• Will the approach be versatile
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Extension to Color Pigments
IJX253 — Cu Phthalocyanine
IJX266 — Quinacridone
IJX273 — Monoazo
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Physical Properties of Dispersions
Modified pigments with surface sodium sulfonate groups
1Shell #2 Efflux Cup2Kruss Digital Tensiometer K-103Mean volume particle size determined by Microtrac® Ultrafine Particle Analyzer (Honeywell)
Physical Properties IJX™ 253C IJX™ 266D IJX™ 273BColor Cyan Magenta YellowPigment Type PB 15:4 PR 122 PY 74Pigment Loading 11.7 % 10.4 % 9.2 %Viscosity1 2.1 cP 2.4 cP 2 .0 cPSurface Tension2 70.3 dynes/cm 71.8 dynes/cm 72.0 dynes/cmpH 6.9 7.6 6.4Particle size3 91 nm 105 nm 137 nm
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Dispersion Purification
• Essential to remove reaction byproducts,excess salts and unreacted startingmaterials
• Purification is done using dialysis againstDI water– Soluble impurities pass through membrane
leaving surface modified pigment and itscounterion
• Dialysis permeate does not containsolubilized dye molecules
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Stability Testing
• Testing Conditions– Pigment dispersion at 10%– Generic ink with 5% pigment
and 10% 2-pyrrolidone– Four-month aging 25°C and 70°C
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1.8E+82.7E+8919270ºC: Pigment
1.6E+82.4E+89089Generic Ink
1.1E+82.7E+8929225ºC: Pigment
90
AGED
2.4E+8
INITIAL
89
INITIAL
1.6E+9Generic Ink
AGED
PB 15:4
Four Month Aging test of IJX™ 253 (PB 15:4)
Number of particles > 0.5 µm2
Mean volume particle size (nm)1
1Mean volume particle size determined by Microtrac® Ultrafine Particle Analyzer (Honeywell)2Determined by AccuSizer Model 780 available from Particle Sizing Systems NICOMP
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1.5E +83.8E+89411070ºC: Pigment
1.4E+84.0E+8106105Generic Ink
1.4E+83.8E+810611025ºC: Pigment
100
AGED
4.0E+8
INITIAL
105
INITIAL
1.3E+8Generic Ink
AGED
PR 122
Four Month Aging test of IJX™ 266 (PR 122)
Number of particles > 0.5 µm2
Mean volume particle size (nm)1
1Mean volume particle size determined by Microtrac® Ultrafine Particle Analyzer (Honeywell)2Determined by AccuSizer Model 780 available from Particle Sizing Systems NICOMP
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1.3E +81.6E+813013570ºC: Pigment
1.3E+81.7E+8126125Generic Ink
5.8E+71.6E+813513525ºC: Pigment
105
AGED
1.7E+8
INITIAL
125
INITIAL
5.0E+7Generic Ink
AGED
PY 74
Four Month Aging test of IJX™ 273 (PY 74)
Number of particles > 0.5 µm2
Mean volume particle size (nm)1
1Mean volume particle size determined by Microtrac® Ultrafine Particle Analyzer (Honeywell)2Determined by AccuSizer Model 780 available from Particle Sizing Systems NICOMP
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Impact of Surface Modification on Color
• UV-VIS absorbance– Comparison made at same pigment loading
and same particle size– Compared surface modified to conventionally
dispersed pigment– Compared nature of attached group -
carboxylate versus sulfonate• Result
– Absorbance curves can be superimposed– No peak shift or additional absorbance seen
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UV-VIS Comparison (PB15:4)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
350 450 550 650 750Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
Surface Modified Conventional Dispersion
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Color Properties on Set of Plain Papers (PR122)
QuatCarboxylateSulfonateHigh Low
Conventional
-13-13-9-12-13b*
4948474641a*
5453565557L*
5150484743Chroma
Surface Modified Pigments
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Printing Performance
IJX™ Pigment L*1 a* b* OD WF2 LF3
253 PB 15:4 52 -18 -37 1.0 24 hrs 90%
266 PR 122 56 47 -9 1.0 5 min 93%
273 PY 74 89 -6 84 1.2 5 min <50%
1L*a*b* readings determined by a Hunter LabScan II2WF: Waterfastness is time taken by print to dry sufficiently that the runoff of 2.5 ml DI water does not cause colorant transfer3LF : lightfastness expressed as % OD retention after 400 hrs of continuous UV-A irradiation using a Accelerated Weathering QUV/SE Instrument (Q-Panel Co.)
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Surface Modified Color Pigments
• Conclusions– Particle size of all pigment dispersions and inks grew
less than 10% after aging– Number of particles greater than 0.5 µm
did not change after aging– Color and light stability of pigment seem unaffected by
surface modification– No dye appears to be formed by surface modification
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Zeta Potential
-18-25
-35
20
Anionic
Cationic
High LowTreatment LevelTreatment Level
+
-
Zeta
Pot
entia
l (m
V)Ze
ta P
oten
tial (
mV)
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10 mins480090After NH4+ Exchange
—
NH4+
(ppm)
1 hour
Waterfastness
6000
Na+
(ppm)
Before Ion Exchange
Ion Exchange
Carboxylate sodium salt modified PB15:4
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Benefits of Surface Modification
• Technology– Ability to tailor surface properties
• Physical Properties of Pigment Dispersions– High surface tension (~ 70 dynes/cm)– Low viscosity (< 2.5 cP at 10% solids)– Superior colloidal stability– High purity (material covalently attached)
• Ink– Formulation flexibility– No dispersants required– Superior reliability
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Formulation Flexibility
Pigment Dispersion
Ink
Pigment Stabilizer
Ink
Pigment Stabilizer
Pigment Stabilizer
Ink
Pigment Stabilizer
Conventional Surface Modified
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Treatment Leveladjusted for desired properties
Surface Modification Versatility
Treatment Type• Ionic (+ and -)• Non-ionic• Multiple/additional
treatments• Polymers
Counterion Type• Negative/Positive• Organic/inorganic• Small molecules/polymers
Pigment TypeBlackCyanMagentaYellow
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Broad Applicability to Pigment Classes
• Demonstrated surface modification of– Metal phthalocyanines– Quinacridone– Naphthol-AS– Mono-azo– Di-azo– Diketopyrrolo-pyrrole– Carbon Black
• Not all organic pigments can be treated
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Summary
• Cabot surface modification technology extended to organic color pigments– Dispersing group attached to pigment surface– Provides unique and valuable
dispersion properties• Ideally suited for Digital Imaging Applications