Supreme Court Cases; A Focus on the 1 st Amendment
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Transcript of Supreme Court Cases; A Focus on the 1 st Amendment
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U.S. GOVERNMENTMR. HAND
Supreme Court Cases;A Focus on the 1st
Amendment
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Wallace v. Jaffree 1985
Ruled the Alabama moment of silence law as unconstitutional.
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Reynolds v. U.S. 1879
Prevented Mormons from practicing polygamy because it “subverted good order”
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Epperson v Arkansas 1968
Arkansas law forbidding the teaching of evolution was unconstitutional
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Wolman v Walter 1977
Use of public money to buy textbooks for private school students is allowed but not to use for religious-based activities
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Minersville v Gobitis 1940
The courts INITIAL decision that allowed students to be forced to say the pledge
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Lemon v Kurtzman 1971
Established the three part “Lemon Test” to determine if a government action is too entangling with religion
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Zorach v Clauson 1952
Releasing public school students early to attend religious classes at a church is permissible under the law
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Engle v Vitale 1962
Struck down school prayer created by the board of education; (most commonly referred to “when they took prayer out of school”)
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Lynch v Donnelly 1984
Ruled that it was legal to display the nativity scene on government property as long as other characters were displayed with it..(Rudolph, Santa..)
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West Virginia Bd of Ed v. Barnette1943
Court ruled that a school CAN’T make a student say the pledge
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Abington v Schemp 1963
Court prevented schools from starting the day with Bible readings and repeating the Lord’s Prayer
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Sante Fe Independent School Dist. V Doe 2000
Allowing a student to pray over the PA system before a football is a violation of the Constitution
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Edwards v Aguillard 1987
Struck down a Louisiana law requiring creation to be taught along evolution
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County of Allegheney v ACLU 1989
A nativity scene inside a government building with a banner reading “Glory to God In the Highest” was ruled as unconstitutional
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Tinker v DesMoines 1969
Students wearing black armbands as symbolic speech to protest the Vietnam War was allowable
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Chaplinsky v New Hampshire 1942
The use of “fighting words” is not protected speech
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Hustler Magazine v Falwell 1988
Court allows criticism of public figures, such as a TV minister, more so than private citizens
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Hazelwood School District v Kuhlmeier 1988
School authorities have authority to limit speech in school setting as it relates to what is published in a school newspaper
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Bethel School District v Fraser 1986
School authorities can limit student speech regarding speaking at an assembly
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Scheneck v United States 1919
The protesters of WW I incited unlawful resistance to the government’s ability to draft men into war and created a “clear and present danger”; these actions were not considered as free speech by the court
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United States v O’Brien 1968
Burning a draft card in protest of the Vietnam War is not free speech
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United States v Eichman 1990
Court struck down the Federal Flag Protection Act; said burning a U.S. flag was “expressive speech”
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Miller v California 1973
Established a test for determining if a book, move, TV program, etc… is obscene
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Everson v Board of Education of New Jersey 1947
Law allows parents of private school students to be reimbursed for the cost of sending their students to private schools on public transportation
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McCollum v Board of Education 1948
Privately paid teachers cannot hold religious classes in a public school