Supporting Student Success:Supporting Student Success:Exploring Evidence of Critical Links Exploring Evidence of Critical Links

between Health and Learningbetween Health and Learning

Focus on Nutrition and Physical ActivityFocus on Nutrition and Physical Activity

A Presentation to the Mississippi A Presentation to the Mississippi State Board of EducationState Board of Education

Jackson, MississippiJackson, MississippiMay 19, 2005May 19, 2005

Harvard School of Public HealthHarvard School of Public HealthPartnerships for Children’s HealthPartnerships for Children’s Health

What We’ll Do Today

Gain a greater understanding of:

1) The obesity epidemic in America, and current issues in nutrition and physical activity that affect students in Mississippi

What We’ll Do Today

Gain a greater understanding of:

2) Evidence demonstrating connections to learning and economic costs to our schools

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1990 and 2003

Definitions:

Obesity: having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass, or Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

BMI is a measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height (the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters).

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1990 and 2003

The data shown in the following maps were collected through CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults.

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24%

Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

““Overweight and obesity… Overweight and obesity… have reached epidemic have reached epidemic proportions in the United proportions in the United States…Left unabated, States…Left unabated, overweight and obesity overweight and obesity may soon cause as much may soon cause as much preventable disease and preventable disease and death as cigarette death as cigarette smoking.”smoking.”

- David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D.- David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D.

Diet and inactivity are cross-cutting risk factors, contributing significantly to four out of the six leading causes of death.

1. Heart Disease 710,760

2. Cancer 553,091

3. Stroke 167,661

4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases

122,009

5. Accidents 97,900

6. Diabetes 69,3017. Pneumonia and Influenza 65,313

8. Alzheimer’s Disease 49,558

9. Nephritis 37,251

10. Septicemia 31,224

11. Suicide 29,350

12. Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis

26,552

13. High Blood Pressure 18,073

14. Homicide 16,765

15. Pneumonitis 16,636

Leading Causes of Death, United States

National Center for Health Statistics, CDC/HHS. “Deaths, Percent of Total Deaths, and Death Rates for the 15 Leading Causes of Death in 5-Year Age Groups, by Race and Sex: United States, 2000.” Hyattsville, MD: CDC, 2002.

Obesity is Associated with an Increased Risk of:

Premature death

Type 2 diabetes

Heart disease

Stroke

Hypertension

High blood cholesterol

Gallbladder disease

Osteoarthritis

Sleep apnea

Asthma

Cancer (endometrial, gallbladder, colon, kidney, and post-menopausal breast)

Complications of pregnancy

Psychological difficulties due to social stigmatization

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1963-70** 1971-74 1976-80 1988-94 1999

Ages 12-19

Ages 6-11

5

4

14

13

Overweight Children and Adolescents*

*>95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. **1963-1970 data are from 1963-1965 for children 6-11 years of age and from 1966-1970 for adolescents 12-17 years of age.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Nine million school-aged children and adolescents are overweight to a

degree that directly affects their health

High School Students Who Reported Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors

CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Mississippi YRBS, 2004 (2003 data).

*Ate <5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day during the 7 days preceding the survey.**Drank <3 glasses of milk per day during the 7 days preceding the survey.***During the 30 days preceding the survey.

7883

5

80

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Insufficient Consumption ofFruits and Vegetables*

Insufficient Consumption ofMilk**

Used Laxatives or Vomited toLose Weight

Pe

rcen

t

United StatesMississippi

89

Beverage Intake Among Adolescents Aged 11-18, 1965-1996

Cavadini C et al. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:18-24 (based on USDA surveys).

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1965 1977 1989 1996

Per

cap

ita

gra

ms

con

sum

ed p

er d

ay

Boys Girls

(Soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and fruit drinks)

High School Students Who Reported Insufficient Physical Activity

CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Mississippi YRBS, 2004 (2003 data).

*Vigorous physical activity on <3 of the 7 days preceding the survey.**Neither vigorous or moderate physical activity on any of the 7 days preceding the survey.

33

10

47

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Insufficient Vigorous Physical Activity*

No Physical Activity During the Past Week**

Pe

rcen

tUnited StatesMississippi

High School Students Who Reported Insufficient Physical Activity

CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Mississippi YRBS, 2004 (2003 data).

45

72

38

69

54

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Not Enrolled in PE Class Did Not Attend PE Daily Watched TV 3 or More HoursPer Day (on an average school day)

Pe

rcen

t

77United StatesMississippi

Health Education Requirements by Grade

33

39 39 41 42 44

2722 20

10 9

3 2

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th

0

10

20

30

40

50

Per

cen

t o

f sc

ho

ols

CDC School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000.

Physical Education Requirements by Grade

40

51 51 51 52 50

3226 25

1310

6 5

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Per

cen

t o

f sc

ho

ols

CDC School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000.

The No Child The No Child Left Behind ActLeft Behind Act

Does not specifically mention school health, though the word “health” appears over 100 times

Kids have to Kids have to be healthy to be healthy to

learn, and learn, and they have to they have to learn how to learn how to be healthy.be healthy.

Tools to Assist Schools

Action for Healthy Kids

www.actionforhealthykids.org

Action for Healthy Kids is about creating health-promoting schools that support sound nutrition and physical activity as part of a total learning environment.

About AFHK

www.actionforhealthykids.org

Our mission:

1. Enhance the learning potential of all children

2. Slow the rate of increase in overweight and obesity

3. Increase efforts that lead to the prevention of overweight and obesity among youth

About AFHK

www.actionforhealthykids.org

Who we are:

Over 4000 state team members in 50 states and the District of Columbia

A Partner Steering Committee of 47 leading national health and education organizations, including NSBA

A diverse and distinguished board of directors