SUPPORTING REPORT P EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND …

SUPPORTING REPORT P

EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PLAN

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SUPPORTING-P : EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction........................................................................................................... P-1

2. Present Situation of Education/Enlightening and Training in Tegucigalpa.... P-1

2.1 Organizations in Charge of Education/Enlightening and Training......................... P-1

2.2 Existing Education/Enlightening and Training Plan............................................... P-1

2.2.1 CODEM-DC’s Education/Enlightening and Training Plan.......................... P-1

2.2.2 “Natural Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project” by World Bank ........... P-2

2.3 Present Public Awareness of Prevention and Attention of Disaster ....................... P-2

3. Public Participation in Disaster Prevention and Emergency Reponses .......... P-2

3.1 Role of Community in Disaster Prevention and Emergency Responses ................ P-2

3.2 Creation and Promotion of Public Awareness ........................................................ P-2

4. Education/Enlightening and Training Program/Plan ....................................... P-3

4.1 General.................................................................................................................... P-3

4.2 Development of Human Resources - Education/Enlightening for the Staff

in charge of Disaster ............................................................................................... P-3

4.2.1 Education/Enlightening and Training for Local Government Staff ............. P-3

4.2.2 Education/Enlightening and Training for Educational Staff/Teachers......... P-4

4.3 Public Education..................................................................................................... P-5

4.3.1 School Education/Enlightening and training................................................ P-5

4.3.2 Social Education/Enlightening ..................................................................... P-6

4.4 Other Useful Activities Proposed ........................................................................... P-8

5. Implementation Plan ............................................................................................ P-8

5.1 Project List.............................................................................................................. P-8

5.2 Implementation Schedule........................................................................................ P-9

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6. Pilot Project ........................................................................................................... P-9

6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. P-9

6.2 Procedure and Activities for Pilot Project(s) .......................................................... P-9

6.3 Proposed Pilot Project ............................................................................................ P-10

7. Conclusions and Recommendation ..................................................................... P-10

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SUPPORTING-P : EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PLAN

LIST OF TABLES

Table P.5.1 Implementation Schedule.................................................................... P-9

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Supporting-P : Education/Enlightening and Training Plan

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SUPPORTING-P EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PLAN

1. INTRODUCTION

Preparing the appropriate educational program about the natural disaster as a part of “the comprehensive natural disaster prevention plan” is very important to ensure the effects of the structural and non-structural measures against the disasters, because public awareness and knowledge on the natural disasters are essential to plan the prevention measures.

In this supporting report, the existing situation on educational matter was examined and the outline of the educational program has been presented. Further studies are necessary to formulate the concrete educational plan, such as curriculum, material, etc.

2. PRESENT SITUATION OF EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING IN

TEGUCIGALPA

2.1 ORGANIZATIONS IN CHARGE OF EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING

CODEM-DC is a responsible organization of education/enlightening and training regarding the disaster prevention to the people living in Tegucigalpa.

CODEM-DC has established a committee for formulating an education program on disaster prevention and the committee is consisting following organizations at present as follows:

- CODEM-DC - Red Cross, Green Cross - Boy Scouts - Ministry of Health - UNAH - Ministry of Education - INFOP - CARE/CAMI - NGOs

2.2 EXISTING EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PLAN

2.2.1 CODEM-DC’S EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PLAN

Since the education/enlightening and training program/plan and materials are under preparation by the above mentioned committee, CODEM-DC dose not have their own program/plan and materials at present. Therefore, they are using the materials prepared by COPECO when it is necessary.

According to the information from the above mentioned committee, the education program/plan will be prepared with the basic concepts as follows:

Program

1st Step: Education/Enlightening and Training of CODEM-DC officials 2nd Step: Education/Enlightening and Training of public


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Method of Education/Enlightening and Training

1st Step: Education/Enlightening and Training of CODEM-DC officials by training expert

2nd Step: Education/Enlightening and Training of the person from CODEL by trained officials of CODEM-DC then Education/Enlightening and Training of the public by CODEM-DC officials and/or training personnel of CODEL.

Objectives of Education

- To provide and inform the area’s risk - To train how to act in the case of emergency - To build up the capacity of the leader of community on disaster prevention

2.2.2 “NATURAL DISASTER VULNERABILITY REDUCTION PROJECT” BY WORLD BANK

The captioned project is being implemented by the fund of World Bank (WB) to reduce the vulnerability against the natural disaster in municipal level. The project has selected 60 municipalities for implementing the program and is not to concentrate Tegucigalpa D.C. The project includes preparation of disaster information database using GIS, setting up the construction/building codes, and capacity building by education program that will be set up in the project. As the project has just started, the concrete outputs on the educational matter have not been published yet.

2.3 PRESENT PUBLIC AWARENESS OF PREVENTION AND ATTENTION OF DISASTER

The public awareness on natural disasters is rather high in Tegucigalpa city because they have been suffering from many natural disasters. However, many habitants do not known their risk and how to act in the case of emergency because they have no access to the information and education. In addition, because of the lack of safer land for poor and/or recently migrant people, they are forced to live in the hazardous areas of natural disasters.

Without continuing education, the people will forget about the disaster of Mitch and will not be ready for the hurricanes.

3. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DISASTER PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY REPONSES

3.1 ROLE OF COMMUNITY IN DISASTER PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY RESPONSES

From the past experience, it is found that the community level activities (prevention, preparedness and response) against natural disasters are very important to reduce a damage of natural disasters. The role of community should be a part of organization for disaster prevention and emergency response, especially in the early stage of disaster (transmission of alert, evacuation support, early rescue response, etc.).

3.2 CREATION AND PROMOTION OF PUBLIC AWARENESS

Creation and promotion of public awereness should be done by the proper education program(s). The program(s) should be prepared for the respective social groups such as leader of community organization, educational staffs/teachers, residents in hazardous area, etc., and disaster cycle namely, prevention, preparedness, response and reconstruction.

The different approaches should be taken to the different groups to create and promote their


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awareness on natural disaster. For example, the education/enlightening and training for the leader of community organization and educational staff/teachers should contain rather high level of knowledge of natural disasters, while, the programs of education to inhabitants level should be easy and understandable.

4. EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING PROGRAM/PLAN

4.1 GENERAL

The goal of the “Education/Enlightening and Training” activities is to reduce the damage of natural disasters.

To reach this goal, two different ways, namely capacity building and public education, should be taken. The capacity building will be enforced to the government officials, educational staffs/teachers and community leaders in charge of disaster prevention. The public education will be implemented for all the residents. Therefore, the Education/Enlightening and Training Plan (the Education Plan) should be formulated in the respective way.

General Approach of the Education Plan proposed follows the planned program prepared by CODEM-DC as follows:

1st Step: 1-1 Development of human resources and capacity building Education/Enlightening and Training to the officials of CODEM-DC and educational staffs/teachers

1-2 Preparation of materials and curriculums for public education through pilot projects

2nd Step: Education/Enlightening and Training to public through school education and social education

Since there exist some different target groups, such as government officials, community leaders, educational staffs/teachers, schoolchildren, women, old persons, etc., who will have programs of education, the education programs, materials and curriculums should be prepared for respective target groups.

4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES - EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING FOR THE STAFF IN CHARGE OF DISASTER

4.2.1 EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT STAFF

Development of human resources is a one of the key factor of smooth implementation of activities in the case of emergency. In this level, there are three (3) objectives of education/enlightening and training as follows:

- To train the persons who manage the disaster - To train the persons who is responsible for education to other officials, community leaders,

educational staff/teachers and public - To distribute the knowledge of disaster to the officials who is in charge of urban planning

(1) Programs for the Person in Charge of Disaster Management

The person in charge of disaster management should manage all the information and activities on disaster in the case of happening of disaster as well as normal and preparedness situation. To act the person properly at all times, it is proposed to prepare the disaster prevention manuals and programs of training/drill which is assuming the emergency case, and to hold


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seminars/workshops for improvement of their knowledge of natural disaster.

1) Preparation and Distribution of Disaster Prevention Manual

The objective of preparation and distribution of the disaster prevention manuals is to give the uniform directions to the person in charge of disaster management in any cases.

The manual should contain the method how to correspond the disaster and technical knowledge on disaster, which the government officials should know, as well. The manual should also be prepared by disaster cycle, namely mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction.

Further discussions and studies are necessary to define the contents of the manuals.

2) Obtaining of Special Knowledge of Disaster

Other effective way to obtain the special knowledge of disaster is to prepare the program of training/drill, to carry out simulations and to hold workshops/seminars. Examples are as follows:

- Training/Drill Evacuation Drill, Rescue Drill, Firefighting Drill, etc.

- Simulation Board Simulation Exercise

- Seminar/Workshop by expert (e.g. Univ. professor, Experts from other countries, etc.) Engineering Seminar related to Disaster Prevention, Institutional Development Seminar, etc.

(2) Programs for Local Government Staffs Responsible for Education

The local government staff who is responsible for education, should distribute correct information to other officials, community leaders, educational staff/teachers and public. To distribute the information without a difference among the officials, it is proposed to prepare education manuals including the program of training/drill and to hold the seminar/workshops.

The manual should contain the knowledge on disaster, how to train the educational staffs/teachers, community leaders, etc with the brief technical knowledge of natural disaster. The manual should be prepared by the training situation.

Further discussions and studies are proposed to prepare the manuals.

(3) Education on Disaster to the Staff in Charge of Urban Planning

It is necessary to carry out the educative activities to the staff of urban planning because the staff is one of the key-person to prevent the disaster damage by controlling the development in the dangerous area.

To promote the attention of the staff on natural disaster, the explanation of characteristics of natural disasters using the hazard map prepared by this Study is proposed.

4.2.2 EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING FOR EDUCATIONAL STAFF/TEACHERS

The activities of education/enlightening and training for educational staff/teachers will be carried out by the officials who is responsible for disaster education through the way presented below:


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Preparation and Distribution of Education Manual for Disaster Prevention

The role of educational staffs/teachers is the most important on disaster education because only continuous activities can make usual attention on natural disaster. It is, therefore, proposed to prepare the education manuals for disaster prevention to distribute the proper information of natural disasters and to make uniform education to schoolchildren.

The manual should contain the knowledge on disaster, such as basic knowledge on disaster, method of education, program for emergency drill manual for preparation of curriculum suit for each school, etc., which should be known by the educational staffs/teachers. The manual should be prepared by disaster cycle such as mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction.

Further discussions and studies should be carried to prepare the education manuals.

Holding Seminars/Workshops

To hold seminars/workshops is another useful methods for obtaining of knowledge. The contents of the seminars/workshops should include not only technical knowledge of disaster but also the emergency drill planed at school. Further studies are necessary to set up the program of workshops/seminars.

4.3 PUBLIC EDUCATION

The general objectives of Education/Enlightening and Training are;

- To inform the risks of natural disaster to the public, - To create and promote peoples’ awareness on disasters, - To introduce the procedure in the case of emergency, - To built up the capacity of communities’ leader, and - To reduce the damage of disasters.

It is proposed that public education should be carried out in two forms namely, school education at school and social education in community. The education plan should be formulated based on the considerations of target group and disaster cycle.

The basic considerations of public education by disaster cycle are as follows:

- Normal Situation The main consideration of education for “Normal Situation” is to let know an importance of prevention and preparedness against the natural disasters.

- Emergency Situation For “Emergency Situation”, one of the main activities is training/drill for emergency response in order to act properly in case of emergency. Meanwhile, the educational activities, to let know the importance of emergency response activity in community and/or individual level, will be carried out.

4.3.1 SCHOOL EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING AND TRAINING

(1) Concept of Disaster Education/Enlightening and Training in School

Education on disaster prevention at school should be done through the all activities of school education to achieve the following objectives.


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- To recognize the disaster, usual preparedness for disaster and help themselves by appropriate judgment of the disaster situation

- To cooperate the emergency activities for ensure the safety for the other person, organization and community

- To understand not only the mechanism of occurrence of disaster but also the necessary things of natural environment, disaster and preventive measures for natural disasters of the area

The education plan should be prepared and carried out based on the conditions of the area, school, schoolchildren’s knowledge and experience of disaster.

It is also important to hand down the record/memory of disaster like hurricane Mitch to the next generation through the school education, because the experience of disaster is the most effective key driver of promotion of awareness of disasters.

(2) Necessary Activities

The contents and/or examples of necessary activities, such as preparation of materials, training of educational staffs/teachers and preparation of curriculums, for school education/enlightening and training are mentioned below.

Preparation of Materials

- Manuals/Guidelines for educational staffs/teachers - Materials textbook for schoolchildren - Hazard Map of the area

Training of Educational Staffs/Teachers

- Seminar for School Education - Preparation of disaster prevention plan by school - Evacuation drill, rescue drill by educational staffs/teachers

Preparation of Curriculum

- General curriculum for school education - Curriculum for each school including the plan of evacuation drill, rescue drill etc.

4.3.2 SOCIAL EDUCATION/ENLIGHTENING

(1) Concept of Social Education/Enlightening and Training

The overall goal of conducting the social education/enlightening is to reduce the human casualties and damage to assets by community level’s activities of self- protection, prevention and preparedness, and self/mutual-help, against the natural disasters.

The followings are objectives of the Social Education/Enlightening:

- To spread the knowledge of disasters and improvement of public awareness on disaster - To spread the knowledge of preventive measures against disasters - To establish the disaster prevention system at community level

(2) Contents of the Disaster Knowledge

The natural disasters considered in Tegucigalpa are flood and landslide, therefore, the followings of characteristics of these disasters should be taken into account for preparation of


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social education/enlightening plan.

1) Flood - Relation between rainfall and flood - Flood characteristics - Hazardous area

2) Landslide - Relation between rainfall and landslide - Symptom of landslide - Characteristics of pre-disaster - Hazardous area

(3) Approaches and Activities

Two approaches will be taken for social education/enlightening, namely “Top-down approach” and “Participatory approach” as follows:

Top-down approach

In this approach, the activities will mainly be lead by government staffs and following activities will be taken:

- Educative activities by educational staff using educational materials (public, community leaders, etc.)

- Distribution of pamphlets/leaflets to all households - Lecture style seminar/workshop - Designation of model community and formulation of community level disaster prevention

organization

Even when “Top-down Approach” is taken, it is necessary to consider acceptability in community level because sustainability of prevention activities against natural disasters are highly depends on community’s participation of community members.

Participatory approach

To ensure sustainable activities on disaster prevention, it is important to create the pubic awareness of participation. Therefore, participatory approach should also be taken. In this approach, discussion and consideration among the community member will lead the consensus on natural disasters.

The followings are example of activities of participatory approach.

- Steak holder meeting (community member, government staff, land owner, etc.)

- Participatory workshop (e.g. workshop for preparation of community safety map - see ANNEX, PCM workshop to find out the problem of community, etc.)

- Formulation of community level organization


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4.4 OTHER USEFUL ACTIVITIES PROPOSED

Setting up of “Disaster Drill Day” and “Disaster Prevention Promotion Week”

Before the commencement of rainy season, above captioned day and week should be set. During the week and on the day, promotion activities of disaster prevention, such as evacuation drill in whole city, poster contest on disaster prevention, on air of special TV/Radio programs related to disaster prevention, etc., will be held.

Establishment of Disaster Prevention House (Museum)

The purpose of establishment of Disaster Prevention House is to accumulate and publish the information on natural disaster and its prevention, and to formulate the base of education/enlightening activities. It is recommended that the house will be established in the office of CODEM with training and conference room and some exhibition models/photos for a base of training of government staffs and community leaders and should be a visiting place of school children.

5. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

5.1 PROJECT LIST

Based on the above mentioned education/enlightening plan, the following are necessary activities as projects.

- Preparation of Program/Plan and Materials - Education/Enlightening and training to Staff Level - Pilot Project - School/Social Education Activities - Technical Training

Among the projects, contents of “Pilot Project” and “Technical Training” will be described as follows because the contents of these projects have not been described yet.

Pilot Project

Since it is necessary that the education plan should be acceptable by the target groups especially in community level, conducting a pilot project are proposed to obtain the know-how of social education. Details of the pilot project proposed in this Study are presented in Section 6 in this Supporting Report.

Technical Training

In addition to the School and Social education/enlightening project, the technical trainings to the government officials in charge of disaster prevention, the person who in charge of medical and rescue service in the case of emergency are proposed as a part of education/enlightening program.

The example of the contents of the technical trainings are;

holding the technical course lectured by the disaster prevention/management specialist who come from academic, research and private sector, and


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training the person in other countries having advanced technology of disaster prevention.

5.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Proposed implementation schedule of education/enlightening and training are shown in the table below.

Table P.5.1 Implementation Schedule

2002 to 2006 2007 to 2011 2012 to 2015 Preparation of Program/Plan Preparation of Material CODEM-DC Staff Training Educational Staff Training Pilot Project School Education Social Education Technical Training

6. PILOT PROJECT

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The most effective and permanent preventive measures against the natural disaster is resettlement to safety place from high risk area, however, the resettlement is rather difficult because the resettlement force the changing of the social environment to the residents and the residents living in the high risk area has no access to the information about their risk.

Therefore, the pilot project(s) of resettlement, together with the pilot program of social education, is proposed to obtain the know-how of the resettlement project and social education.

6.2 PROCEDURE AND ACTIVITIES FOR PILOT PROJECT(S)

The procedure and activities tentatively proposed for the pilot project(s) is as follows.

Preparatory Stage:

- Selection of high risk area for the pilot project by government officials based on the risk analysis of the study

- Preparation of education plan and material including publication of risk map - Training of staff for education, community leader, etc.

Implementation Stage:

- Holding seminar/participatory workshop on disaster for the inhabitants - Preparation of community safety map by inhabitants - Discussion on community level disaster prevention plan including resettlement - Preparation of community level disaster prevention plan including resettlement - Discussion on condition, place, etc. about resettlement - Resettlement


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Final Stage (Preparatory Stage for permanent program):

- Preparation of Resettlement Manual and Education Manual, Materials for education and Curriculum by the government officials

6.3 PROPOSED PILOT PROJECT

As mentioned in Supporting Report B, two landslide blocks, namely Nueva Esperanza and Zapote Centro, are proposed for pilot project

The ultimate goal of the pilot project is to relocate the residents in the above two areas to the safer places and get the useful knowledge and experience for further resettlement promotion.

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

1. It is recommended that CODEM should prepare the education plan based on the outline presented in this report as soon as possible.

The plan should be acceptable by the target groups. Implementation of the pilot project(s) derives a educational effects to the inhabitants in the dangerous area as well as to make a good effect of preparation of education methods and materials. Therefore, immediate implementation of a pilot project in the proposed area is strongly recommended

2. Effects of education/enlightening activities will be revealed from continuous activities in longer period. Therefore, the followings are recommended;

* The programs should be prepared which are targeted in longer period.

* The environment, such as employment, budget, etc., where the person in charge can work continuously, should be provided.

* The effects of education/enlightening program/activity should be monitored periodically using pre-set monitoring indicators and the program should have to be revised by the results of monitoring.

3 CODEM-DC would be an agency in charge of education/enlightening activities in the city of Tegucigalpa. Since a lot of agencies are concerned to the educational activities, it is necessary to make a well coordination among the agencies to cooperate the other educational program such as school, COPECO, NGO, etc., to avoid an overlapped activities and to make a efficient activities.

4. As it is difficult to carry out the education/enlightening activities to inhabitants widely in short period, it is important to publish and increase the residents’ accessibility to the information of disaster and disaster prevention, which is held by the government authority, in order to promote the people’s awareness to the natural disaster.

SUPPORTING REPORT P

APPENDIX P


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Example of materials for education

<Japan>

Local governments have been prepared disaster prevention manual targeted to residents and provide on Internet and/or printed form.

These manuals in printed form are distributed through school, branch offices of the local government, etc. and can be obtained anyone who wants thorough mail.

<USA>

FEMA provides the information of their activities and disasters on their WEB.

Any person who interests in the activities of FEMA and disasters can access to the information.

<Colombia>

Direction of Prevention and Attention of Emergency (Direccion de Prevencion y Atencion de Emargencias) of Bogotá City has been prepared the instruction manual on natural disasters and distributed to schools and residents who want to have it.

The manual contains the characteristics of natural disasters, the method of prevention and how to act in case of emergency with colored paintings.


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Example of materials public relations activities

<Honduras>

COPECO has prepared a publicity poster and an article to create the public awareness on natural disasters.

<Japan>

To promote the public awareness on natural disasters, both central and local governments hold a contest of publicity poster for disaster prevention. The winning works are printed and prepared as a poster, stationary and etc. for distribution to residents

<USA>

FEMA provides the project impact on Internet. To provide the impact of their activities through Internet, residents can access the information of disaster prevention activities effect and eventually it is expected that residents are promoted the attention of disaster.

<Chile>

The government of Chile has prepared a leaflet for disaster prevention. The leaflet contains important information of disasters in short sentences for easy understanding.

<Colombia>

The local government of Colombia placed the sign board in the areas of natural hazard to get an attention of residents.


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Example of social education activities

Workshop on Community Safety Map

The workshop is also called “participatory hazard mapping exercise” or “participatory risk analysis and vulnerability reduction exercise”. Community leader who has knowledge of disasters leads the workshop, however, the map should be prepared by the people living in the community.

1. Identify the Risks/Dangers To know the conditions of their community, the base map should be prepared by the people living in the area. Then, identify the risks/dangers of the community by themselves on the prepared base map.

2. Identify the Resources Useful for Disaster Prevention After identifying the risks/ dangers of the community, resources useful for disaster prevention are looked for. The identified resources also are indicated on the base map.

3. Overlay all Maps and Analyzing their Community After adding other information related to the disaster prevention, all maps are overlaid for analysis of vulnerability of the community. The analysis should be done by discussion among the participant and community level activity plan for disaster prevention will be prepared.


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