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West Papua Report June 2014

This is the 122nd in a series of monthly reports that focus on developments affecting Papuans. This series is produced by the non-profit WestPapua Advocacy Team (WPAT) drawing on media accounts, other NGO assessments, and analysis and reporting from sources within WestPapua. This report is co-published by the East Timor and Indonesia Action Network (ETAN). Back issues are posted online athttp://www.etan.org/issues/wpapua/default.htm Questions regarding this report can be addressed to Edmund McWilliams at edmcw@msn.com.If you wish to receive the report directly via e-mail, send a note to etan@etan.org. Link to this issue:http://etan.org/issues/wpapua/2014/1405wpap.htm.

The Report leads with "Perspective," an analysis piece; followed by "Update," a summary of some developments during the covered period;and then "Chronicle" which includes analyses, statements, new resources, appeals and action alerts related to West Papua. Anyone interestedin contributing a Perspective or responding to one should write to edmcw@msn.com. The opinions expressed in Perspectives are the author'sand not necessarily those of WPAT or ETAN. For additional news on West Papua see the reg.westpapua listserv archive or on Twitter.

West Papua Report June 2014

This is the 122nd in a series of monthly reports that focus on developments affecting Papuans. This series is produced by the non-profit WestPapua Advocacy Team (WPAT) drawing on media accounts, other NGO assessments, and analysis and reporting from sources within WestPapua. This report is co-published by the East Timor and Indonesia Action Network (ETAN). Back issues are posted online athttp://www.etan.org/issues/wpapua/default.htm Questions regarding this report can be addressed to Edmund McWilliams at edmcw@msn.com.If you wish to receive the report directly via e-mail, send a note to etan@etan.org. Link to this issue:http://etan.org/issues/wpapua/2014/1406wpap.htm.

The Report leads with "Perspective," an analysis piece; followed by "Update," a summary of some developments during the covered period;and then "Chronicle" which includes analyses, statements, new resources, appeals and action alerts related to West Papua. Anyone interestedin contributing a Perspective or responding to one should write to edmcw@msn.com. The opinions expressed in Perspectives are the author'sand not necessarily those of WPAT or ETAN. For additional news on West Papua see the reg.westpapua listserv archive or on Twitter.

CONTENTS

This edition's PERSPECTIVE by renowned human rights campaigner Carmel Budiardjo provides a succinct overview of thehistory of Indonesian repression of West Papua and includes a focus on the special challenges facing Papuan women.

UPDATE highlights the intention of the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission to focus on the plight of indigenouspeoples, notably in West Papua. The Asian Human Rights Commission draws attention to police shooting of three Papuans inNabire. The online activist network "Anonymous" has announced that it will focus on the plight of Papuans. A Pacific regional

UN forum on decolonization was urged to consider the situation in West Papua. Indonesian President Yudhoyono's plannedvisit to Fiji illustrates Jakarta's efforts to undercut the broad appeal of the Papuan cause in the region. Religious activists arefocusing on the exploitation of workers and their families by the oil palm plantation run by Sinar Mas. A New Zealand police

training program in West Papua has been cancelled. The Australian government is urged to mitigate culpability for rightsviolations abroad.

CHRONICLE highlights "West Papua: No-One's Colony" by the Pacific Network on Globalization and May 14 comments

before the UN by Julianus Septer Manufandu, of the Papua Customary Council. A new illustrated, interactive eBook tells

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As for the Papuan people, themajority are impoverished andwork hard to make a livingfrom hunting, fishing andagriculture. And as is so oftenthe case, the women are at thebottom of the pile.

Freeport-McMoRan's Grasberg mine.

before the UN by Julianus Septer Manufandu, of the Papua Customary Council. A new illustrated, interactive eBook tellsPapuan stories. Australian TV journalist broadcasts program on human rights in West Papua.

PERSPECTIVE

WEST PAPUA: Poverty and Discrimination in The Land of Papuaby Carmel Budiardjo*

When Indonesia, a former Dutch colony, gained its independence after the Second World War, one disputed area was IrianJaya, now called West Papua, a vast, richly-endowed territory bordering on Papua New Guinea.

Eventually, negotiations on the future of Irian Jaya were held in New York in 1963 when the Papuan people were granted theright to a so-called 'Act of Free Choice.' The U.S. government was deeply involved in these talks because the U.S. mining

corporation, Freeport McMoRan, was well aware of the abundant natural resources in the territory. While the former colonialpower, the U.S. and Indonesia attended these talks, the Papuan people whose interests were at were at stake were notrepresented.

The referendum was held in 1969 with heavily-armed Indonesian troops incontrol throughout the territory, turning the "Act" into a farce, an "act of nochoice." The result was that one hundred percent are alleged to have "voted" in

favor of the territory's incorporation into Indonesia. Since then, Papuans haveheld peaceful demonstrations, flying their own Morning Star flag, which hasresulted in many hundreds of Papuans being arrested, tried for subversion and

sentenced to lengthy terms in prison.

In-migration from Indonesia

In the past two decades, tens of thousands of Indonesians have migrated to West Papua. This has been on such a vast scale

that they will soon out-number the Papuans with serious consequences for the economy which is now largely run by themigrants. As a result of this influx, Papuans have become marginalized as well as suffering discrimination in their own land.

Who benefits from West Papua's natural resources?

So how rich is West Papua in natural resources? In the central

highlands of the territory, copper and gold reserves are reputed tobe the largest reserves in the world. Since the 1970s, this has been

exploited by Freeport-McMoRan, a US multi-national corporation.

So who benefits from all this? The first thing to say is that the

Papuan people are certainly not the beneficiaries. It is Freeport

McMoRan which is sitting on reserves of copper and gold.Freeport has been exploiting West Papua's riches for nearly four

decades. In 2012, Freeport earned $2.4 billion from the sale of

copper and $1.5 billion from the sale of gold and $2.billion fromcopper and $1.4 billion from gold in 2013. A significant proportion

of this goes to Jakarta in taxes and dividends from the shares the

government holds in the company.

As for the Papuan people, the majority are impoverished and work hard to make a living from hunting, fishing and agriculture.

And as is so often the case, the women are at the bottom of the pile.

The Plight of Papuan Women

In towns and cities across the Land of Papua, Papuan women are the main source of income for the family, They spend their

days selling products in gardens surrounding their homes which are often in remote parts of the country. But they are forced to

sell their products in the open air, on the streets, sitting on scraps of plastic. Virtually all the well constructed markets with stallsand covers for protection against the heat and rain are occupied by Indonesian in-migrants. Anyone who is able to follow

reports in the local media will be struck by the many reports of women traders demanding that the authorities build markets for

them.

For example, in January this year, a local newspaper reported that Papuan women had demanded to know why nothing had

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been done by the local administration to build a market. In a statement, they said: "We have waited for over ten years for thegovernment to keep their promise to build a permanent market for us. We are the ones who give birth and rear our children."

One woman is quoted as talking about "our long struggle to make a living and pay for our children's upbringing and education."

Without this, they find it extremely difficult to compete with the migrants who are able to sell their wares in properly shelteredareas.

Another serious problem confronting Papuan women is the widespread occurrence of domestic violence, which in many casesis witnessed by their children. Most of this violence is alcohol-related. One news agency reported that a survey conducted in

December 2012 revealed that there had been "1,360 cases of gender-based violence per 10,000 Papuan women." Rarely, if

ever, are these crimes reported to the police and are perpetrated with impunity.

Moreover, these problems are rarely reported even in Indonesia, let alone in the international media. Why is this so? The fact is

that international human rights NGOs and journalists are denied access to the territory. On those rare occasions when a foreign

journalist is granted permission to visit West Papua, their efforts to interview people are closely monitored by the Indonesianpolice and military forces.

This is the only place in Indonesia which is inaccessible to outside investigation. As is abundantly clear, this is because the

Indonesian government has so much to hide about the political, economic and social conditions in West Papua.

* Carmel Budiardjo is the founder of TAPOL which has long campaign for human rights in Indonesia. In 2008,

Budiardjo was the first recipient of the West Papua Advocacy Team's John Rumbiak Human Rights Defenders Award.

UPDATE

Indonesia's Official Human Rights Organization Focuses on Indigenous Ancestral Land Rights

Indonesia's official National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), has launched an inquiry into government land

grabs which, for decades have targeted indigenous communities. The purpose of the inquiry is to assist these communities inregaining control of their ancestral lands.

"The national inquiry is a way to resolve human rights issues systematically, in which indigenous peoples and representatives ofthe private sector will be invited to discuss and seek mediation, negotiation and solution," Sandrayati Moniaga, a Komnas

HAM, member said at the launch of the inquiry. Around 140 cases have been reported to Komnas HAM as part of the inquiry.

The inquiry will propose regulation and policy changes.

For decades the government has granted concessions to large tracts of land inhabited by indigenous people to foreign and

domestic companies involved in the mining, palm oil, and pulp and paper industries. These land grabs extend back to the 1960'swhen Indonesia first occupied West Papua and granted U.S. mining giant Freeport McMoran rights to lands belonging to the

Amungme and Kamoro peoples. The ensuing struggle by dispossessed indigenous groups to defend or regain control of their

ancestral lands has met with fierce repression by Indonesian security forces, often working on behalf of the concession holders.This strife has led to the displacement and death of thousands of Papuans.

The Indonesian government has largely ignored a landmark 2012 edict by the Constitutional Court altering a 1999 law onforestry and land ownership that effectively removed state control of indigenous lands and gave control to indigenous groups.

Former Constitutional Court justice Ahmad Sodiki said the land ownership rights of indigenous people and of the state shouldbe clearly separated. "The government should prioritize the indigenous people's land first, then claim the rest of the forested land

as the state's," he said.

Abdon Nababan, the secretary general of the Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the Archipelago (AMAN) urged the government

to become more involved with indigenous communities. "I should say that AMAN, Komnas HAM, environmental affiliates andother non-profit organizations have been the ones quelling [the conflicts prompted by land rights disputes]," he said. He was

very critical of legislation that disenfranchised indigenous peoples. Under those laws, he said, "two-thirds of our forest land is

governed by the Forestry Ministry and the rest by the National Land Agency," or BPN.

Police indiscriminately shoot civilians in Nabire, injuring three Papuans

The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) issued an emergency appeal on May 8 concerning the indiscriminate shootingsof civilians in Moanemani, Nabire, Papua by police. Three civilians were critically injured.

A group of civilians visited the headquarters of the Mobile Brigade of Moanemani Sub-District Police on May 6 to demand the

police hand over a truck driver who was responsible for a traffic accident in which two villagers were killed earlier the same

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police hand over a truck driver who was responsible for a traffic accident in which two villagers were killed earlier the same

day. The truck driver was hiding at the police station for his safety. When the police refused, a group of civilians - includingfamily members of the accident victims - started throwing stones on the police station. The police responded by opening fire at

the civilians, injuring three A reverend who was present during the shootings recalled that it was not just "one or two shots" but

more like rain of bullets. Local sources contest the police claim that the police initially fired into the air as warning.

The AHRC points out that "under international law, the use of lethal weapons by law enforcement officials is subjected to the

strict tests of necessity and proportionality. The proportionality test requires law enforcement officials, such as the police, toonly use lethal weapons if it is required to protect life. The necessity test, in the other hand, requires the officials to only use

lethal weapons when there is no other means - such as capture or nonlethal incapacitation - of preventing such threat to life

(Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, A/HRC/14/124, 20 May 2010, para.

32)."

The AHRC urges that letters be sent to Indonesian authorities "asking them to ensure that an effective and impartial investigationon this case to take place." AHRC also urges that writers also "use this opportunity to call for the establishment of an

independent mechanism to review the use of lethal weapons by the police in Indonesia."

To support this appeal, please go here: http://www.urgentappeals.net/support.php?ua=AHRC-UAC-068-2014

Paula Makabory, from the Institute for Papuan Advocacy and Human Rights in Australia, called "The series of incidents inMoanemani highlights how military-style policing perpetuates the endless cycle of violence in the 50 year Indonesian occupation

of West Papua."

The Institute for Papuan Advocacy & Human Rights has published a chronology of events.

Anonymous Takes on Indonesia

The global "hacktivist" network Anonymous has launched a campaign to focus attention on censorship and the killings of

indigenous Papuans. Anonymous is widely known for its often disruptive efforts to draw attention to various nefarious activities

by governments and corporations. In announcing its campaign Anonymous stated that Indonesia's government and military have

for too long silenced Papuans. The organization also cited the failure of the United Nations to take responsibility for the "Act of

Free Choice," the sham referendum devised by Indonesia in 1969 to deny Papuans the right of self-determination.

Anonymous has especially targeted Indonesian government websites. The group is asking for a UN peacekeeping force, the

withdrawal of all non-organic Indonesian troops in West Papua, and a free and fair referendum so Papuans can decide their

own destiny.

More https://twitter.com/OpMerdeka

Calls for Action as UN Decolonization Body Meets

The United Nation's Special Committee on Decolonization held its Pacific Regional seminar in Fiji, May 21-23. The theme of

this year's meeting was accelerating the implementation of the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism

(2011-2020).

The seminar reviewed the situation with respect to the 17 territories listed on the Special Committee's agenda. The committee,also known as the Committee of 24, will hold its regular meeting in June in New York.

The seminar prompted calls for it to consider the plight of West Papuans living under Indonesian control. However, a review ofthe UN's summary of the seminar proceedings indicated that the plight of Papuans was not raised. See here and here.

Joe Collins of the Australia West Papua Association urged the UN committee to make a fact-finding trip "to investigate how the

West Papuan people have fared under Indonesian rule" just as it traveled to New Caledonia in March of this year. He said, "It

is an accepted fact that the so called act of free choice in 1969 was a farce and the UN has a moral responsibility to the WestPapuan [people] for that tragic event"

Collins told Radio New Zealand that "It's your duty, a moral obligation to go and visit West Papua, see what 51 years of

administration has done to the West Papuan people, the exploitation of the resources but little or no benefit to themselves,

ongoing human rights abuses. They should go and see how the West Papuan people have fared after 51 years."

On the eve of the seminar, the Pacific Regional Non Governmental Organizations Alliance (PRNGO) called for indigenous

people in Guam, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Tokelau and West Papua to be allowed to chart their own future. PRNGO

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West Papuan self-determination is not justpolitical empowerment but alsosocio-economic empowerment.The lack of access to qualityeducation and healthcare andinfrastructure adds to thealready documented humanrights abuses by theIndonesian military.

If we're spending taxpayersmoney supposedly to help thecitizens, then we want to haveour journalists scrutinize it. Idon't think Indonesia wantsthat scrutiny.

spokesperson and Pacific Council of Churches official, Peter Emberson urged Pacific islanders to stand up, speak out and

actively engage in the struggle.

The Pacific Network on Globalization (PANG) called for the UN "to reinstate

West Papua on the list of non-self-governing territories" PANG said that

"ongoing gross human rights violations and a failure of governance on the part

of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia" make this urgent. (See also below.)

At a media conference prior to the meeting, Peter Emberson of the PacificCouncil of Churches said that "We continue to receive reports of torture,

violence and atrocities against the people of West Papua and these actions by

Indonesia must stop." He said that West Papuan self-determination is "not just

political empowerment but also socio-economic empowerment... The lack of

access to quality education - most children only attend school until they are 10years old, according to one source, health-care and infrastructure adds to the

already documented human rights abuses by the Indonesian military."

He added that "Churches need to not only resound the call for self-determination but get involved through education, health-

care and communications mission work. These were an important part of our growth towards our own self-determination."

Indonesia President's Upcoming Fiji Visit

An academic specializing in Indonesian politics and history says that President Yudhoyono's planned visit to Fiji next month can

be seen through what he calls the "West Papua prism." Dr. Richard Chauvel of Melbourne's Victoria University says Indonesia

is keen to forge closer ties with Pacific countries. He notes that Jakarta has stepped up its lobbying in the region since the

Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) began considering a membership application by West Papuans.

"The way the (MSG) Foreign Ministers visit (to West Papua) was hosted; you'll remember (PNG Prime Minister) O'Neill was

in Jakarta when the MSG meeting was held. But clearly it has longer term strategic ambitions beyond its difficulties in West

Papua," he said.

Problems Faced by Sinar Mas Plantation Workers

The Catholic Church's Secretariat for Justice and Peace (SKPKC) in Jayapura in mid-May organized a meeting in the Juk-Lereh church for employees of PT Sinar Mas, which runs a massive oil palm plantation in West Papua.

A local parish priest Hendik Nahak said that problems at the oil palm plantation are covered up by the company. These range

from a failure to respect workers' rights, deceptive recruitment, inadequate clean water, and less than habitable

accommodations. Workers present in the meeting confirmed these complaints and noted that they were longstanding and

generally ignored by the company.

Problems include recruiting company workers through promises that often go unmet. Workers must sign agreements accepting

all company decisions concerning their wages and other working conditions. Wages are docked without explanation. Two and

sometimes three worker families are required to share very small houses. The nearby river is polluted by spraying from

company aircraft, forcing families to rely solely on rain water.

Source: SKP Jayapura, english translation.

New Zealand Police Training Program in West Papua Put on Hold

New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade announced in late May

that Indonesia has withdrawn support for the "Eastern Indonesia Community

Policing Program" which has been planned to launch in early 2014. The $6.3million program had been strongly criticized by the Green Party of Aotearoa

New Zealand.

Green MP Catherine Delahunty said "one of the reasons that Indonesia may

have gone cold on the project, is that the New Zealand government, under

pressure, conceded that it might be possible for journalists to scrutinize thisproject, which is something that the NGOs and the Green Party have been calling on consistently... If we're spending taxpayers

money supposedly to help the citizens, then we want to have our journalists scrutinize it... I don't think Indonesia wants that

scrutiny."

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Detachment 88

scrutiny."

Delahunty said called the situation "contaminated," adding that "the New Zealand policing model was not going to help. You

have a violent police force which is basically mandated by the state of Indonesia to breach human rights on a daily basis and sowe thought that this was going to be a farce and a serious waste of money."

She added that "I think the program would whitewash their reputation." West Papuans under occupation say that this is "aid that

kills." This aid will do "nothing to improve the behavior of the Indonesian and Papuan military police against the citizens and it

potentially whitewashes a regime that needs to be imposed."

Australian Government Urged to Mitigate Culpability for Rights Violations Abroad

The Australian Human Rights Law Centre has called on the Australian

Government to enact laws that minimize the risk of Australian police or

military assistance being used to support human rights violations.

The center's Director of Communication, Tom Clarke, called for a review

of Australia's support of Indonesia's counter-terrorism unit, Detachment

88, the notorious unit was created at the behest of and with broad supportfrom the United States and Australia.

"The Australian public can have no confidence that adequate steps are

being taken to ensure Australia is not in any way complicit with human

rights abuses occurring in Indonesia's Papuan provinces," Clarke said. He

add that countries have an obligation under international law to conductdue diligence to identify the "risks and potential extraterritorial impacts of

their laws, policies and practices on the enjoyment of human rights."

Australian-supplied helicopters were among aircraft used to carry out

napalm and cluster bombing in the West Papuan highlands during the

1970s. (WPAT Note: U.S.-provided aircraft including A-10 Broncos also were employed in devastating assaults on Papuancivilians in that period.)

CHRONICLE

"West Papua: no-one's colony"

The Pacific Network on Globalization (PANG) has called for reinstatement of West Papua to the UN list of non-self-governing

territories. West Papua "satisfies the criteria for being reinstated on the list," PANG wrote.

"Specifically, West Papua is geographically separate from Indonesia. Papuans are culturally and ethnicallydistinct and they have had a different historical experience from Indonesians. The former colonial authority, the

Netherlands, prior to the current colonial administration, the Unitary Republic of Indonesia taking control,established a national parliament - the Nieuw-Guinea Raad - paving the way for Papuans to progress towards

self-rule. Sukarno, a former Indonesian president tacitly acknowledged West Papua's sovereignty when hereferred to West Papua as a Dutch 'Puppet State' prior to launching a military invasion."

PANG's statement concludes that "Papuans have not given up. Even more remarkably, the overwhelming majority have chosento pursue their aspirations for freedom through a combination of unarmed civilian based resistance and diplomacy. Instead of

ensuring West Papuans' safety and security the Indonesian state is endangering their lives."

Papuan Seeks Support at UN Indigenous Forum

Julianus Septer Manufandu, Chair of the Steering Committee of the Papuan NGOs Cooperation Forum told the Third Session

of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in New York that he wanted "to convey the cries and pleas ofthe Melanesian people in West Papua, who are still in pain and suffering from injustice, discrimination, human rights violations,

environmental degradation, marginalization and land grabbing by companies supported by the government of Indonesia andstate security forces for almost 50 years under Indonesia rule." Also representing the Papua Customary Council, he called forWest-Papua to be re-inscribed to the list of non-self-governing territories, and "that the Government of Indonesia should ensure

the recognition of the indigenous peoples land, benefit from freedom of expression through the adoption of the Bill on the Rightsof Indigenous Peoples currently being considered by the parliament."

Vanishing Tribes eBook

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Vanishing Tribes eBook

A newly released illustrated, interactive eBook is now online. The 70-page online graphic

novel, Vanishing Tribes: Unheard Voices from West Papua, tells about Papua's struggle

for freedom through the fictional stories of West Papuan activists.

Originally designed for the iPad, Vanishing Tribes is now available for nearly all types ofcomputers, tablets and smartphones. All versions of the eBook are freely available throughhttp://www.vanishingtribes.net/.

The eBook can be read on several levels, by skimming the story and scanning the 60 colorful

paintings that illustrate it or by reading the full story. One can also delve deeper by openingthe embedded explanatory footnotes and image descriptions. A companion website offersadditional information and links to resources.

West Papua's New Dawn?

West Papua's New Dawn? is a new 26-minute program by veteran Australian journalist Mark Davis. In it he probes human

rights violations taking place in the territory. Watch here, transcript here.

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