Supply Presentation
-
date post
20-Oct-2014 -
Category
Education
-
view
1.180 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Supply Presentation
![Page 1: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is supply?‘Supply refers to the quantity
of a commodity which producers or sellers are willing to produce and offer for sale at a particular price’, in a given market, at a purticular period
of time
![Page 2: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The three important aspects of supply are….
• Supply is a desired quantity• Supply is always explained with
reference to price• Supply is a flow variable
![Page 3: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stock and flow concepts
Stock variable• It is an economic
variable which can be measured at a point of time.
• Eg: population, water in a reservoir, goods in a warehouse.
Flow variable• It is an economic
variable which can be measured at a period of time.
• Eg: National income, water in a river, sales etc.
![Page 4: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Individual supply
• Individual supply refers to the quantity of a commodity which a firm is willing to produce and offer for sale at a particular price during a specified period.
![Page 5: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Supply Curve
The supply curve has a positive slope, consistent with the law of supply.
![Page 6: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Market supply
• Market supply refers to the quantity that all the producers are willing to produce and offer for sale at a particular price during a specified period.
• It is the sum total of individual supply
![Page 7: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Difference between stock and supply
Stock• Stock is the total
quantity of a commodity available with the producers which is ready for sale.
• Stock is not a part of supply
Supply• Supply is that part of
stock which the producers are willing to bring to the market and offer for sale at a particular price.
• Supply depends on stock.
![Page 8: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Determinants of supply
• Price of the commodity: When price increases, supply also increases because it motivate the firm to supply more in order to get more profit. When price decreases, smaller quantity will be supplied as profit decreases.
![Page 9: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Determinants of supply
• Goals of the firm: The goals of the firm may be “profit maximization"," sales maximization" or “risk minimization". If the aim is sales maximization, they will produce and supply more and if the aim is risk minimization, they will supply less.
![Page 10: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Determinants of supply
• Input prices: If the prices of inputs and factors
used in production such as raw materials, labour, machine etc. are high, the cost of production will be high. Higher cost of production, at the given price, reduces the profit margin and will persuade the producer to produce and supply less.
![Page 11: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Determinants of supply• Prices of related commodities:Producers always have the tendency of shifting from
the production of one commodity to another commodity. If the prices of another commodity increases, especially substitute goods, producers will find it more profitable to produce that commodity by reducing the production of the existing commodity.
![Page 12: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Determinants of supply
• Techniques of production:
An improvement in the technique of production reduces the cost of production and increases profit margin. Increased profitability motivates the producers to increase the supply.
![Page 13: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Determinants of supply• Nature of the market:
A monopolist firm will like to restrict supply so as to raise the market price and as a result supply decreases. But in a competitive market there will be no tendency to restrict output because each firm wants to sell more to earn more profit.
![Page 14: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Determinants of supply
• The policy of taxation and subsidies:
The taxation policy of the government also influences the supply of a commodity. For eg> If government increases the sales tax and excise duty, it increases the cost of production, which induces the producer to reduce the supply as the profit margin decreases.
![Page 15: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Determinants of supply
• Expectations about future prices:
If a producer expects an increase in market price in future, then they will supply less today and hoard the stock to sell at a high price in future and vice versa.
![Page 16: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Determinants of supply• Natural factors:
In case of agricultural products, the natural factors like flood, draught etc. adversely affect the supply of commodities. On the other hand favourable climatic conditions may help in increasing the supply of agricultural commodities.
![Page 17: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Determinants of supply• Agreement among producers:
Some times producers may form associations and enter into some agreement to restrict the supply of a commodity to earn large profits. They will create artificial scarcity of the commodities and as a consequence, the supply will decrease.
![Page 18: Supply Presentation](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/5445384ab1af9f4f6c8b4709/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Determinants of demand
• Availability of transport and communication facilities:
An improvement in transport and communication facilities will expand the size of market and this will motivate the producers to produce and supply more.