Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability
description
Transcript of Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability
![Page 1: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate
and sustainability Hillevi Eriksson,
Swedish Forest Agency
![Page 2: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
• Climate– Mitigation, debate– Effects on production
• Sustainability– Where are we now– What may change?
![Page 3: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mitigation
• Climate mitigation policies will discriminate fossil fuels– C emission trading, C tax, less subsidies..
• Knowledge development and debate on GHG impact of biomass fuels– Direct/indirect, incl relative undisturbed forest– Reflected in policies, control systems,
![Page 4: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
36 %
Pulp & Paper
16 % Pulp chips
13 % energy (bark, sawdust, etc)
20 %Sawn wood46 %
Saw logs
8 % energy (direct harvest)
23 %
energy (black liqour, etc)
46 %pulpwood
Annual harvest~ 90 mill m3
Source: Skogsindustrierna, 2003 and Official Statistics of Sweden
Wood use in the Swedish forest sector~6-8 % of tot biomass harvest: energy (branches and tops (and stumps))
4
![Page 5: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bioenergy development in
Sweden 1970-2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
TWh
Share of domestic energy consumption
•1970: 9%
•1980: 11%
•1990: 15%
•2000: 20%
•2009: 29%
![Page 6: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Impact of climate change on forests- growth- damage- management
![Page 7: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Growing season (days > 5°C)
• •
B2
A2
Källa: Rossby Centre, SMHI
1961-90 2011-40 2041-70
![Page 8: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
year
8
Swedens annual air temperatures 1860-2008
![Page 9: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Relative production increase [%] (B2)Picea abiesPinus sylv.Betula verr.
Källa: Johan Bergh, SLU
![Page 10: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
…but also more damage
• Storm-felling
• Fire
• More browsing
• Root rot, pine weevil and spruce beetle are all favoured
• Insects generelly favoured
• Spring frost
• Pathogens +/-
![Page 11: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hur ändras klimatet på Gotland?
11
SMHI: Frequency of winds >25 m/s for S Sweden
Källa: Wern, L och Bärring, L., ”Sveriges vindklimat 1901-2008 Analys av förändring i geostrofisk vind”SMHI rapport i Meteorologi Nr 138/2009
![Page 12: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
-Major conclusions
• Warmer and wetter climate, wind?• Improved agro/forest production but also higher
risk for damage/pathogens• Negative for biodiversity• Management adaptation
– Risk spreading (tree species, silviculture, etc)– Better roads– Improved techniques for machinery for less soil/water
impact– Developed considerations to biodiversity
![Page 13: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sustainability - where are we now?
• National legislation and recommendations
• UNFF/CBD/Agenda 21
• Forest Europe (LBA?)
• EU
![Page 14: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Preserve biodiversity• Leave ”eternity trees”, shrubs and old dead wood
(snags)• No WTH where endangered species could be affected
negatively• Leave slash of less common species• Leave part of the slash (> 20 %)• Avoid deep track formation near water
14
![Page 15: Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56814ef4550346895dbc8509/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Forest environmental problems at present in Sweden
• Not enough forest area preserved• Not enough ”pro-biodiv management” of
preserved areas?• Reports about harvest of snags • Reports about increased damage on
moist soils and brooks• Level of ash recycling yet not sufficient
to counteract acidifying effect