Supplementary Information for “Fungal community assembly in drought stressed sorghum...
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1 Supplementary Information for “Fungal community assembly in drought stressed sorghum 1 shows stochasticity, selection, and universal ecological dynamics” by Gao et al. 2
Transcript of Supplementary Information for “Fungal community assembly in drought stressed sorghum...
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Supplementary Information for “Fungal community assembly in drought stressed sorghum 1 shows stochasticity, selection, and universal ecological dynamics” by Gao et al. 2
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3 Supplementary Fig. 1 Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) sampling and occurrence. (A) The fungal OTU accumulation curve for all 1026 samples 4 and for 252 leaf, 252 root, 252 rhizosphere and 270 soil samples. For all 1026 samples, the OTU accumulation curve reached a plateau of 986 of 5 1070 taxa after just 250 samples. (B) The frequency of fungal OTUs found in as few as 1 to as many as 1026 of all 1026 communities sampled. 6 For specific compartments, many species were found in all 252 or 270 samples. The the y axis is the same for all and separate compartments. 7 Source data are provided as a Source Data file 8
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9 Supplementary Fig. 2 Fungal guild abundance. (A) The temporal compositional variance of 10 fungal functional guilds in the four compartments, three treatments and two sorghum 11 cultivars (RTx430, BTx642). (B) Regression curve of every fungal guild for each treatment in 12 each compartment. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 13
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14 Supplementary Fig. 3 Fungal phyla abundance. The temporal compositional variance of 15 fungal phyla in the four compartments, three treatments and two sorghum cultivars 16 (RTx430, BTx642). Note the rapid boom and vanish of OTU42 (Actinomucor, Mucoromycota) 17 in first week leaves. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.18
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20 Supplementary Fig. 4 Krona graphs showing fungal guild and genus abundance. Functional 21 affiliation and relative abundance of mycobiome of (A) unplanted soil and (B) sorghum 22 mycobiome. The interactive version of these two Krona figures can be found at online 23 Supplementary Software 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 24
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25 Supplementary Fig. 5 Fungal community dynamics detected from a compositional dataset 26 (dataset 2). Principal component (PC) analysis of fungal community Aitchison distance with 27 permutational analysis of variance (PERM ANOVA) showing significant association of fungal 28 community composition with, in order of importance, compartment, time period, drought 29 treatment and sorghum cultivar (*P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001). Note the result of principal 30 coordinate (PCo) analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (dataset 1) is presented in Fig. 2A. Source 31 data are provided as a Source Data file. 32
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33 Supplementary Fig. 6 Fungal functional guilds affected by sorghum compartment showing 34 significantly biased occurrences of yeasts and pathogenic fungi toward leaf, and biased 35 occurrences of arbuscular mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi toward root, rhizosphere and 36 planted soil. Ternary plot demonstrating the distribution fungal operational taxonomic units 37 (OTUs) (A) among leaf, root and rhizosphere, (B) among unplanted soil, planted soil and leaf, 38 (C) among unplanted soil, planted soil and root, and (D) among unplanted soil, planted soil 39 and rhizosphere. The circle size corresponds to OTU abundance (sqrt transformed). To 40 simplify, the plots A-D only kept OTUs whose abundances were significantly (P < 0.0001) 41 different among different compartments. Plots containing both significant and non-42 significant (NS) OTUs are shown in plots E-H. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 43
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44 Supplementary Fig. 7 Succession of the fungal community by compartment and plot. 45 Temporal distance (in weeks between sampling times) in relation to Bray-Curtis community 46 dissimilarity by Mantel testing. Note the relatively large variance in Bray-Curtis community 47 dissimilarity over small temporal distances in leaves. Source data are provided as a Source 48 Data file. 49
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50 Supplementary Fig. 8 Temporal turnover of compositional variance. Principal coordinate 51 (PCo) plots demonstrating the compositional variance as measured by Simpson metric within 52 every week of three treatments and four compartments. ***P < 0.001 in beta dispersion 53 analysis; *** P < 0.001 in permutational analysis of variance (Perm ANOVA). Note that the 54 control results are also presented in Fig. 3B. Note the Simpson metric differs from the Bray-55 Curtis and Jaccard metrics in that it is free from richness variance. Source data are provided 56 as a Source Data file.57
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59 Supplementary Fig. 9 Temporal turnover of compositional variance between specified pairs 60 of treatments. Heatmaps showing mean pairwise Simpson dissimilarity between time points 61 between control and control, between control and pre-flowering drought, and between 62 control and post-flowering drought. The largest turnover between sampling times is seen in 63 leaves between the first week and subsequent time points, in roots between weeks 1-5 and 64 weeks 11-17, and in the rhizosphere between weeks 1-7 and weeks 13-16; soils did not show 65 significant turnover. The green dashed lines are flowering times. The blue dashed line is the 66 time that pre-flowering drought was ended and water irrigation resumed. Source data are 67 provided as a Source Data file. 68
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69 Supplementary Fig. 10 Threshold indicator taxa analyses (TITAN) showing individual OTU 70 abundances in response to sampling time in the four compartments. This figure is the same 71 as Fig. 3C, except for the addition of the genus names of z+ and z- OTUs. Source data are 72 provided as a Source Data file. 73
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74 Supplementary Fig. 11 Principal coordinate (PCo) plots demonstrating the Jaccard 75 dissimilarity within every week in three treatments and four compartments. Note the Jaccard 76 metric is confounded by richness variance. ***P < 0.001 in beta dispersion analysis; *** P < 77 0.001 in permutational analysis of variance (Perm ANOVA). Source data are provided as a 78 Source Data file. 79
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80 Supplementary Fig. 12 Principal coordinate (PCo) plots demonstrating the Bray-Curtis 81 dissimilarity within every week in three treatments and four compartments. Note the Bray-82 Curtis metric is confounded by richness variance. ***P < 0.001 in beta dispersion analysis; 83 *** P < 0.001 in permutational analysis of variance (Perm ANOVA). Source data are provided 84 as a Source Data file. 85
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Supplementary Fig. 13 Re-analysis rice root bacteria data showing no beta dispersion of the turnover component of compositional variance. This 87
result is found despite significantly higher compositional variance early in the rice life cycle as compared to later stages as measured by the 88
Jaccard dissimilarity. *** Padj < 0.001; ns: not significant; in beta dispersion analysis. Note the P values are adjusted by Bonferroni method to 89
avoid type I error of multiple comparisons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.90
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Supplementary Fig. 14 Sorghum cultivar effect on fungal OTU abundance and community composition in leaf, root, rhizosphere and soil. (A) 93
Fungal OTUs showing significantly different abundance between sorghum cultivars BTx642 and RTx430. OTUs above a false discovery threshold 94
[green horizontal line with P < 0.00005 (0.05/1070 OTUs) or -log (P) = 10] show significant bias between the two cultivars. The symbol size 95
corresponds to OTU abundance (log transformed) and color corresponds to fungus functional guild. Note that cultivar effects were seen on OTU 96
abundance in root and rhizosphere, but not in leaf nor soil. Differences in fungal community composition between the two sorghum cultivars, 97
are given as R2 as determined by permutational analysis of variance (PERM ANOVA). (B) Divergent temporal abundance of Fungal OTUs with 98
significant cultivar effects (seen in A) can occur throughout sorghum development, e.g., at early (OTU29), late (OTUs 24, 26, 34, 207), or the 99
middle time points (OTU19, 20). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 100
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Supplementary Fig. 15 Comparison of three methods to evaluate fungal community size showing high consistency: (i) the percentage of fungal 102
reads found in PCR amplifications of rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from fungal and host DNA, (ii) the fungal abundance as assessed 103
by real time PCR amplification of rDNA small subunit (SSU, 18S) and (iii) the percentage of fungal reads found in the transcriptomes of sorghum 104
leaves and roots. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 105
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Supplementary Fig. 16 The temporal dynamics of the percentage of fungal reads compared to total plant and fungal reads in ITS2 amplicons in 107
three treatments and four compartments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 108
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Supplementary Fig. 17 The temporal dynamics of the fungal abundance as detected by real 110
time PCR of fungal 18S rDNA in three treatments of roots and leaves. Source data are provided 111
as a Source Data file. 112
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Supplementary Fig. 18 The temporal dynamics of the percentage (log transformed) of fungal 115
reads compared to fungal and plant reads in sorghum transcriptome. Source data are 116
provided as a Source Data file.117
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Supplementary Fig. 19 Fungal phylogeny based on 18S+28S rDNA sequence 119
(taxonomy_to_tree.pl script of Tedersoo et al 31) used to support βNTI analysis of 1070 fungal 120
ITS2 OTUs obtained in this study. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 121
MK018191_MonosporascusMK018300_Madurella
MK018451_HumicolaMK018337_HumicolaMK018910_Humicola
MK018263_ThielaviaMK018845_ThielaviaMK018455_ThielaviaMK018751_Thielavia
MK018597_ThielaviaMK018512_ThielaviaMK018754_ThielaviaMK018306_Thielavia
MK018458_ZopfiellaMK018235_ZopfiellaMK018637_Zopfiella
MK018756_ChaetomiumMK019191_ChaetomiumMK018182_Chaetomium
MK018240_ChaetomiumMK018468_ChaetomiumMK018248_ChaetomiumMK018776_Chaetomium
MK018185_ChaetomiumMK018462_Chaetomium
MK018758_ChaetomiumMK018223_Chaetomium
MK018222_ChaetomiumMK018426_ChaetomiumMK018652_ChaetomiumMK018620_ChaetomiumMK018461_ChaetomiumMK018467_ChaetomiumMK018345_Chaetomium
MK018200_Chaetomium
MK018561_SubramaniulaMK018201_CorynascusMK018208_TrichocladiumMK018273_TrichocladiumMK018343_MycothermusMK019182_Mycothermus
MK018610_CephalothecaMK018311_Sordaria
MK018212_Zopfiella
MK018370_CladorrhinumMK018355_CladorrhinumMK018338_Cladorrhinum
MK018612_Cladorrhinum
MK018531_CercophoraMK018818_CercophoraMK018347_CercophoraMK018838_Cercophora
MK018210_SchizotheciumMK018227_SchizotheciumMK018230_Schizothecium
MK018454_PodosporaMK018215_PodosporaMK018376_PodosporaMK018384_PodosporaMK018270_PodosporaMK018421_PodosporaMK018225_PodosporaMK018357_PodosporaMK018855_Podospora
MK018940_LecteraMK018743_Chordomyces
MK018405_SodiomycesMK018663_Sodiomyces
MK018566_GibellulopsisMK018440_Verticillium
MK018526_EucasphaeriaMK018320_MyrmecridiumMK018772_ColletotrichumMK018952_Colletotrichum
MK018943_Conlarium
MK018372_ClonostachysMK018350_Clonostachys
MK018593_CosmosporaMK018312_Neonectria
MK018803_FusariumMK018213_FusariumMK018837_FusariumMK018183_Fusarium
MK018178_FusariumMK018353_FusariumMK018580_FusariumMK018180_FusariumMK018313_FusariumMK018907_Fusarium
MK019068_FusariumMK018199_FusariumMK018523_FusariumMK018244_FusariumMK018271_Fusarium
MK018179_GibberellaMK018895_NectriaMK018466_Cylindrocarpon
MK018304_TrichodermaMK018420_TrichodermaMK018369_TrichodermaMK018592_Trichoderma
MK018452_Monocillium
MK019190_Verticillium
MK019032_LecanicilliumMK018693_LecanicilliumMK018972_Simplicillium
MK018541_BeauveriaMK018395_BeauveriaMK018290_Beauveria
MK018349_Ophiocordyceps
MK018983_SarocladiumMK018868_Sarocladium
MK018585_SarocladiumMK018188_Sarocladium
MK018176_AcremoniumMK018750_AcremoniumMK018562_AcremoniumMK018206_AcremoniumMK018534_AcremoniumMK018520_AcremoniumMK018761_AcremoniumMK018285_AcremoniumMK018805_Acremonium
MK018804_Acremonium
MK018354_HypocrealesMK018463_HypocrealesMK018247_HypocrealesMK019016_Hypocreales
MK018501_Trichothecium
MK018388_GeosmithiaMK018236_GeosmithiaMK018699_Geosmithia
MK018736_IlyonectriaMK018198_StachybotrysMK018441_StachybotrysMK018257_Emericellopsis
MK018723_GliomastixMK018738_Gliomastix
MK018412_AcremoniumMK018698_AcremoniumMK019051_AcremoniumMK019163_AcremoniumMK018594_Acremonium
MK018642_Sarocladium
MK018911_SirastachysMK018189_StriaticonidiumMK018197_AchroiostachysMK018965_AchroiostachysMK018251_Albifimbria
MK018821_Sordariomycetes
MK018590_MelanosporaMK018476_Harzia
MK018245_Gibellulopsis
MK018632_ConiolariellaMK018401_ConiolariellaMK018299_Coniolariella
MK018374_XylariaMK018887_AscotrichaMK018218_ArthroxylariaMK019087_Rosellinia
MK018550_MonosporascusMK019067_EutypellaMK018785_Truncatella
MK018881_MonographellaMK018742_MonographellaMK018287_MicrodochiumMK018367_MonographellaMK018449_Monographella
MK018294_MagnaporthiopsisMK018659_MagnaporthiopsisMK018654_NigrosporaMK018849_Nigrospora
MK019097_CirrenaliaMK019064_Graphium
MK019035_MicroascusMK018775_MicroascusMK018643_ScedosporiumMK018365_Scedosporium
MK018340_Trichurus
MK018317_PetriellaMK019179_PetriellaMK018398_Petriella
MK019039_Kernia
MK018573_Phyllachora
MK018511_ValsaceaeMK018335_ValsaceaeMK018560_Valsaceae
MK018867_ValsaceaeMK018646_Coniella
MK018473_ConiochaetaMK018279_Coniochaeta
MK019090_ConiochaetaMK018820_ConiochaetaMK018600_Lecythophora
MK019159_Sporothrix
MK018383_ParasympodiellaMK018362_Parasympodiella
MK018288_Ochroconis
MK019101_ChalaraMK018978_Chalara
MK018282_MonocilliumMK019130_Robillarda
MK018777_Ascomycota
MK018465_AscomycotaMK018703_AscomycotaMK018941_AscomycotaMK018890_AscomycotaMK018621_AscomycotaMK018760_AscomycotaMK019092_AscomycotaMK018681_AscomycotaMK018658_Ascomycota
MK018816_AscomycotaMK018382_Ascomycota
MK018400_HansfordiaMK018823_TriscelophorusMK019124_SporendonemaMK019171_KnufiaMK018931_AbrothallusMK018964_Veronaea
MK018195_AcrophialophoraMK018181_AcrophialophoraMK018175_SetophomaMK018581_SetophomaMK018759_ScolecobasidiumMK018514_ScolecobasidiumMK018442_Scolecobasidium
MK018892_ChaetosphaeronemaMK019080_Heydenia
MK019115_Botryosphaeriales
MK019189_VermisporaMK018922_GeniculiferaMK018665_ArthrobotrysMK018502_ArthrobotrysMK018322_VermisporaMK018474_VermisporaMK018437_Vermispora
MK019093_PhaeococcomycesMK019137_PhaeococcomycesMK018773_Phaeococcomyces
MK018951_Cylindrosympodium
MK018930_SeptoriellaMK018555_SeptoriellaMK019142_Speiropsis
MK018888_DothideomycetesMK019153_DothideomycetesMK018493_DothideomycetesMK018481_Dothideomycetes
MK019060_LeptosporaMK019183_Leptospora
MK018533_Arthrographis
MK019034_Minutisphaera
MK019074_CatenulostromaMK019070_CatenulostromaMK018870_Neocatenulostroma
MK018260_CladosporiumMK018529_CladosporiumMK018174_Cladosporium
MK018971_Graphiopsis
MK019091_NeodevriesiaMK018956_Rachicladosporium
MK019047_CercosporellaMK019095_PseudocercosporellaMK018447_RamulariaMK019165_Ramularia
MK019083_PhaeothecaMK019175_Pseudotaeniolina
MK019056_SaxophilaMK019103_Hispidoconidioma
MK018779_Massarina
MK018292_SpororminulaMK019057_SporormiellaMK018819_Sporormiella
MK019024_Preussia
MK018766_PreussiaMK018301_Preussia
MK018696_PreussiaMK019076_Preussia
MK018413_PreussiaMK018262_PreussiaMK018598_PreussiaMK018747_Preussia
MK018194_PreussiaMK019147_PreussiaMK019011_PreussiaMK018722_Preussia
MK018883_WesterdykellaMK018828_WesterdykellaMK019169_Westerdykella
MK019125_LeptosphaerulinaMK018613_StagonosporopsisMK018992_AscochytaMK019053_Ascochyta
MK018850_Lophiotrema
MK018908_PericoniaMK019048_Periconia
MK019174_LophiostomaMK019036_Lophiostoma
MK018622_SigarisporaMK018297_Acrocalymma
MK018875_NeosetophomaMK018787_Neosetophoma
MK019026_AllophaeosphaeriaMK018851_SclerostagonosporaMK018781_SeptoriellaMK019138_NeostagonosporaMK018976_LeptosporaMK019063_Phaeosphaeria
MK019102_PhaeosphaeriopsisMK018802_Phaeosphaeriopsis
MK019003_StagonosporaMK018728_SetophaeosphaeriaMK019145_NeosulcatisporaMK018970_Chaetosphaeronema
MK018846_ParastagonosporaMK019170_Parastagonospora
MK018567_Corynespora
MK019184_PlenodomusMK018498_PlenodomusMK018348_LeptosphaeriaMK019010_Leptosphaeria
MK018685_ParaphomaMK018935_Paraphoma
MK019131_PyrenochaetaMK019111_PyrenochaetaMK018949_Pyrenochaeta
MK019149_Libertasomyces
MK018394_PericoniaMK018193_Periconia
MK019181_Mycocentrospora
MK018958_PhomaMK018980_PhomaMK018894_PhomaMK019072_PhomaMK018211_Phoma
MK019025_Letendraea
MK018682_AscochytaMK018283_Ascochyta
MK018705_Cochliobolus
MK019116_ComoclathrisMK018676_ComoclathrisMK018636_Comoclathris
MK018584_Exserohilum
MK018254_StemphyliumMK018407_Stemphylium
MK018800_Drechslera
MK018596_AlternariaMK019004_Alternaria
MK018885_AlternariaMK018266_AlternariaMK018411_AlternariaMK018177_Alternaria
MK018436_AlternariaMK018608_AlternariaMK018783_Alternaria
MK019110_AlternariaMK018186_AlternariaMK019176_AlternariaMK018216_AlternariaMK018835_Alternaria
MK018986_PyrenophoraMK018840_Pyrenophora
MK018296_Curvularia
MK018571_CurvulariaMK018408_Curvularia
MK018329_CurvulariaMK019055_CurvulariaMK018224_Curvularia
MK018432_BipolarisMK018861_BipolarisMK018683_Bipolaris
MK019141_PleosporaMK018203_Epicoccum
MK019037_Lindgomyces
MK019018_PleurophomaMK018385_PoaceascomaMK018923_LaburnicolaMK018553_LaburnicolaMK018459_Pseudopithomyces
MK018487_PolyschemaMK018680_PolyschemaMK018278_WettsteininaMK018495_WettsteininaMK019005_Wettsteinina
MK019186_PhragmocephalaMK018390_AstrosphaeriellaMK018668_Astrosphaeriella
MK018877_ParaconiothyriumMK018569_Paraconiothyrium
MK018706_ParaphaeosphaeriaMK018767_ParacamarosporiumMK018862_Pseudocamarosporium
MK018220_AureobasidiumMK018848_Aureobasidium
MK019066_PerustaMK018932_SydowiaMK018582_HormonemaMK018968_PringsheimiaMK019038_Dothiora
MK018572_EndoconidiomaMK018483_KabatiellaMK018444_Aureobasidium
MK019094_BotryosphaerialesMK019134_SeptorioidesMK019071_Dothiorella
MK019173_BotryosphaeriaMK018707_BotryosphaeriaMK019033_BotryosphaeriaMK019008_DiplodiaMK018694_Diplodia
MK018825_AlanphillipsiaMK018241_Macrophomina
MK018237_Camarosporium
MK018634_HelicomaMK019062_Phaeosclera
MK018844_Sarcinomyces
MK018289_AspergillusMK019030_AspergillusMK018778_AspergillusMK018671_AspergillusMK018795_AspergillusMK018256_AspergillusMK018423_AspergillusMK018403_AspergillusMK018252_AspergillusMK018307_AspergillusMK018333_AspergillusMK018914_AspergillusMK018305_Aspergillus
MK018464_TalaromycesMK018219_TalaromycesMK018184_TalaromycesMK018234_Talaromyces
MK019065_Eupenicillium
MK018344_PenicilliumMK018672_PenicilliumMK018589_PenicilliumMK018497_PenicilliumMK018741_Penicillium
MK018691_PenicilliumMK018414_PenicilliumMK018967_PenicilliumMK018960_PenicilliumMK018749_Penicillium
MK018339_PenicilliumMK018690_Penicillium
MK018515_PenicilliumMK018677_PenicilliumMK018242_Penicillium
MK018336_Thermomyces
MK019021_PaecilomycesMK019085_PaecilomycesMK018853_PaecilomycesMK018863_Byssochlamys
MK018217_ThermomycesMK018615_PenicilliumMK018379_AspergillusMK018752_AspergillusMK018624_Aspergillus
MK018822_ExophialaMK018535_ExophialaMK018545_Exophiala
MK019058_Phaeococcomyces
MK018947_PhialophoraMK018989_Phialophora
MK018869_Cladophialophora
MK018737_ConiosporiumMK019029_Coniosporium
MK019172_Capronia
MK019117_KnufiaMK018765_Knufia
MK018801_Trichophyton
MK018386_ChrysosporiumMK018782_ChrysosporiumMK018323_ChrysosporiumMK018314_Chrysosporium
MK019041_ChrysosporiumMK018371_ChrysosporiumMK018276_Chrysosporium
MK018415_PolytolypaMK018799_AphanoascusMK018280_UncinocarpusMK018657_UncinocarpusMK018595_Mallochia
MK018331_SpiromastixMK018912_Spiromastix
MK019188_HistoplasmaMK018630_Ajellomyces
MK018507_Gymnoascoideus
MK018334_LeucotheciumMK018246_Leucothecium
MK018554_GymnoascaceaeMK018258_Gymnoascus
MK018392_MyceliophthoraMK018879_MyceliophthoraMK018435_ArachnomycesMK018599_Arachnomyces
MK019098_Mycocalicium
MK018886_Pyronema
MK018616_PulvinulaMK018732_PulvinulaMK018540_PulvinulaMK018575_Pulvinula
MK018363_BouboviaMK018221_PseudaleuriaMK018539_OtideaMK018603_HydnocystisMK018713_SmardaeaMK019152_PyronemataceaeMK018611_Pyronemataceae
MK018559_ScutelliniaMK019050_Scutellinia
MK018842_ScutelliniaMK019113_Scutellinia
MK018896_AscobolusMK018265_AscobolusMK018209_AscobolusMK019148_AscobolusMK018496_AscobolusMK018924_AscobolusMK018457_Ascobolus
MK019168_PulvinulaMK018928_Oedocephalum
MK018269_PezizaMK018316_PezizaMK018961_Peziza
MK018396_TerfeziaMK018873_Terfezia
MK018549_Iodophanus
MK018948_OedocephalumMK018889_Oedocephalum
MK019118_Hydnobolites
MK018962_CephaliophoraMK018605_Pezizomycetes
MK018963_LecanoralesMK019166_RamalinaMK018506_Cryptodiscus
MK019054_Blastobotrys
MK018633_MeyerozymaMK019100_Scheffersomyces
MK019022_LipomycesMK018993_Pichia
MK018944_ClavisporaMK018687_MetschnikowiaMK018730_KodamaeaMK018975_DebaryomycesMK018977_Wickerhamomyces
MK019078_CandidaMK019112_CandidaMK018827_CandidaMK019122_Candida
MK018647_SaccharomycetalesMK018601_Saccharomycetales
MK018709_Pseudeurotium
MK018712_PodosphaeraMK018678_PodosphaeraMK018934_ErysipheMK018729_Erysiphe
MK019132_IdriellaMK018793_ScytalidiumMK018876_GlareaMK018527_MeliniomycesMK018719_Articulospora
MK018697_RhexocercosporidiumMK018648_SpirosphaeraMK019109_Chalara
MK018488_Monilinia
MK019162_BisporellaMK018443_HelotialesMK019019_Helotiales
MK018366_ScytalidiumMK018516_Scytalidium
MK018327_Scytalidium
MK018577_ScytalidiumMK018717_Scytalidium
MK019114_Scytalidium
MK018739_Spirosphaera
MK019027_MyxotrichumMK019096_Rutstroemia
MK019156_MycoarthrisMK018925_CistellaMK018607_Cistella
MK019139_ThelebolusMK019049_Pseudogymnoascus
MK018987_GeomycesMK018274_GeomycesMK019140_Geomyces
MK018239_GeomycesMK019044_CollophoraMK019075_Hyphozyma
MK018253_PseudogymnoascusMK018929_Oidiodendron
MK018974_WallemiaMK018748_WallemiaMK018650_WallemiaMK018389_Wallemia
MK019020_CurvibasidiumMK018416_ChrysozymaMK019144_SporobolomycesMK018826_RhodosporidiobolusMK018341_Sporidiobolus
MK018538_Rhodotorula
MK018202_SporobolomycesMK018406_SporobolomycesMK019023_SporobolomycesMK018543_Sporobolomyces
MK018807_RhodotorulaMK019088_RhodotorulaMK018298_Rhodotorula
MK018824_Sampaiozyma
MK019013_TrichosporonMK018966_Cutaneotrichosporon
MK019157_UdeniomycesMK019135_UdeniomycesMK018489_CystofilobasidiumMK018380_Cystofilobasidium
MK018645_UdeniomycesMK018286_TremellomycetesMK018233_Solicoccozyma
MK018640_Auriculibuller
MK018205_CryptococcusMK018417_CryptococcusMK018860_CryptococcusMK018486_CryptococcusMK019123_CryptococcusMK018284_CryptococcusMK018695_CryptococcusMK018591_CryptococcusMK019180_CryptococcusMK019177_Cryptococcus
MK018358_Cryptococcus
MK018494_PapiliotremaMK019042_PapiliotremaMK018255_PapiliotremaMK019089_TremellalesMK019164_TremellalesMK018903_TremellalesMK018293_NaganishiaMK018419_NaganishiaMK018324_Naganishia
MK019108_DioszegiaMK018836_Dioszegia
MK019167_BulleraMK018936_BulleraMK018797_Bullera
MK018946_Bulleromyces
MK019105_HannaellaMK018812_HannaellaMK018617_Hannaella
MK019077_Kwoniella
MK018790_SaitozymaMK018718_Dioszegia
MK018190_FilobasidiumMK018519_FilobasidiumMK018310_FilobasidiumMK018670_Filobasidium
MK018214_Filobasidiaceae
MK018391_Holtermanniella
MK018897_OccultifurMK018579_OccultifurMK018945_Occultifur
MK019000_OccultifurMK019150_Occultifur
MK018669_CystobasidiumMK018770_CystobasidiumMK018666_Cystobasidium
MK018991_CystobasidiomycetesMK018393_CystobasidiomycetesMK018438_BuckleyzymaMK018619_Buckleyzyma
MK018204_SymmetrosporaMK018684_Erythrobasidium
MK018491_Talbotiomyces
MK018856_TilletiopsisMK019133_TilletiaMK018938_QuambalariaMK019161_QuambalariaMK018740_MicrostromaMK018714_Microstroma
MK018813_Malassezia
MK019045_MelampsoraMK018656_TranzscheliaMK018708_Puccinia
MK019052_EocronartiumMK019073_Eocronartium
MK018504_AuriculariaMK018351_AuriculariaMK018277_AuriculariaMK018996_ExidiopsisMK018578_ExidiaMK018518_Exidia
MK018576_OliveoniaMK018532_OliveoniaMK018228_Oliveonia
MK018899_SerendipitaMK018522_Serendipita
MK018272_Minimedusa
MK018422_ThanatephorusMK018832_ThanatephorusMK018780_ThanatephorusMK018806_Thanatephorus
MK018378_RhizoctoniaMK018446_CeratobasidiumMK018811_Ceratobasidium
MK018689_LyophyllumMK018981_Lyophyllum
MK018330_ArrheniaMK018588_MelanoleucaMK019069_MelanoleucaMK018988_Tricholoma
MK019082_LeucoagaricusMK018625_Leucoagaricus
MK018794_TulostomaMK019104_TulostomaMK018882_TulostomaMK019154_TulostomaMK018926_Tulostoma
MK018859_AgaricusMK019143_AgaricusMK018673_AgaricusMK019046_Agaricus
MK018762_ChlorophyllumMK018574_Chlorophyllum
MK018809_LeucocoprinusMK019121_LycoperdonMK018517_CyathusMK018546_Disciseda
MK018788_CoprinusMK019185_CoprinusMK019059_Coprinus
MK018909_BovistaMK018918_Bovista
MK018429_MarasmiusMK018281_Marasmius
MK018229_PanaeolusMK018373_PanaeolusMK018503_Bolbitius
MK018792_Conocybe
MK018381_ConocybeMK018618_ConocybeMK018368_Conocybe
MK018309_Conocybe
MK018570_ConocybeMK018745_ConocybeMK018679_ConocybeMK018721_ConocybeMK018757_ConocybeMK018315_Conocybe
MK018746_Conocybe
MK018505_AmanitaMK018880_Limnoperdon
MK018319_ClitopilusMK018664_EntolomaMK018492_Entoloma
MK018430_EntolomaMK018563_EntolomaMK018275_EntolomaMK018675_EntolomaMK019106_EntolomaMK018551_Entoloma
MK018655_EntolomaMK018937_Entoloma
MK018641_CuphophyllusMK019009_Globulicium
MK018999_VolvariellaMK018602_VolvariellaMK018839_Volvariella
MK018547_PluteusMK018771_PluteusMK019017_Pluteus
MK018404_Laccaria
MK018901_CristiniaMK018789_CristiniaMK018472_Cristinia
MK018510_Clavaria
MK018815_PholiotaMK018768_Pholiota
MK018997_GalerinaMK018891_AgrocybeMK018557_Pleuroflammula
MK018583_ParasolaMK018854_Parasola
MK018295_Coprinellus
MK018692_CoprinellusMK018352_CoprinellusMK018456_Coprinellus
MK018425_CoprinellusMK019028_CoprinellusMK019146_Coprinellus
MK018586_CystoagaricusMK018328_CystoagaricusMK018990_PsathyrellaMK018660_Psathyrella
MK018409_CoprinopsisMK018356_CoprinopsisMK018763_Coprinopsis
MK018359_CoprinopsisMK018418_CoprinopsisMK018377_Coprinopsis
MK018858_CoprinopsisMK019001_CoprinopsisMK018638_Coprinopsis
MK018726_SphaerobolusMK019031_GeastrumMK018525_GeastrumMK018267_WaiteaMK018243_WaiteaMK018644_Laetisaria
MK018318_PeniophoraMK018360_CristiniaMK018399_Cristinia
MK018325_SparassisMK018361_Sparassis
MK018872_HydnophlebiaMK018192_GloeoporusMK018187_Gloeoporus
MK018627_GanodermaMK019084_Ganoderma
MK019178_IschnodermaMK018874_TrametesMK018979_Polyporales
MK018686_HydnellumMK019151_AtheliaMK019099_Hyphodontia
MK018798_ConiophoraMK018702_Pisolithus
MK018196_UstilagoMK018508_Ustilago
MK018808_UstilagoMK018769_Ustilago
MK018387_UstilagoMK018969_Ustilago
MK018764_Dirkmeia
MK018410_SporisoriumMK018308_Sporisorium
MK018259_Pseudozyma
MK018715_AnthracocystisMK018303_AnthracocystisMK018469_AnthracocystisMK018651_Anthracocystis
MK018552_Anthracocystis
MK019126_Macalpinomyces
MK018906_ChytridiomycotaMK018716_ChytridiomycotaMK018513_ChytridiomycotaMK018499_ChytridiomycotaMK018631_ChytridiomycotaMK018528_ChytridiomycotaMK018291_Chytridiomycota
MK018548_ChytridiomycotaMK018471_ChytridiomycotaMK019086_ChytridiomycotaMK018556_ChytridiomycotaMK018731_ChytridiomycotaMK018450_Chytridiomycota
MK018927_HarpochytriumMK018537_Monoblepharis
MK018568_SpizellomycesMK018913_Spizellomyces
MK018701_SpizellomycesMK018424_SpizellomycesMK018649_Powellomyces
MK018898_RhizophlyctisMK018985_Rhizophlyctis
MK019120_AngulomycesMK019158_Angulomyces
MK018302_BetamycesMK019187_Rhizophydium
MK018919_ChytridiomycetesMK018564_ChytridiomycetesMK018470_Chytridiomycetes
MK018998_Chytridiomycetes
MK018704_ChytridiomycetesMK018544_ChytridiomycetesMK018954_Chytridiomycetes
MK018542_ChytridiumMK018479_Phlyctochytrium
MK019006_Alogomyces
MK018639_RhizophlyctisMK018878_Rhizophlyctis
MK018445_RhizophlyctisMK018484_RhizophlyctisMK018604_RhizophlyctisMK018509_RhizophlyctisMK018810_RhizophlyctisMK018635_RhizophlyctisMK019128_Rhizophlyctis
MK018364_RhizophlyctisMK018847_Rhizophlyctis
MK019160_Triparticalcar MK018710_TriparticalcarMK018268_TriparticalcarMK018817_PowellomycesMK018916_PowellomycesMK018831_PowellomycesMK019015_Powellomyces
MK018521_SpizellomycesMK018500_SpizellomycesMK018900_SpizellomycesMK018326_Spizellomyces
MK018402_SpizellomycesMK018628_Spizellomyces
MK018902_SpizellomycesMK018439_SpizellomycesMK019129_SpizellomycesMK019127_SpizellomycesMK018453_SpizellomycesMK018893_SpizellomycesMK018933_SpizellomycesMK019014_SpizellomycesMK018994_SpizellomycesMK018261_SpizellomycesMK018829_Spizellomyces
MK018942_Olpidium
MK018667_BetamycesMK018950_BetamycesMK018753_Betamyces
MK018431_ParaphysodermaMK018332_ParaphysodermaMK018485_ParaphysodermaMK018734_CatenariaMK018587_CatenariaMK018725_CatenariaMK018530_Catenaria
MK018830_MortierellaMK018917_MortierellaMK018231_MortierellaMK018774_MortierellaMK018226_MortierellaMK018428_MortierellaMK018735_MortierellaMK019012_MortierellaMK018841_Mortierella
MK018711_MortierellaMK018866_MortierellaMK018955_MortierellaMK019061_Mortierella
MK018434_MortierellaMK018784_Mortierella
MK018346_Mortierella
MK018250_MortierellaMK018321_Mortierella
MK018833_Mortierella
MK018857_MortierellaMK019155_MortierellaMK018249_MortierellaMK018375_MortierellaMK018238_MortierellaMK019002_MortierellaMK018609_MortierellaMK018864_MortierellaMK018724_Mortierella
MK019079_MortierellaceaeMK018477_MortierellaceaeMK018490_Mortierellaceae
MK018791_MortierellalesMK018614_MortierellalesMK018623_MortierellalesMK018904_Mortierellales
MG008525_GlomusMG008523_GlomusMG008520_GlomusMG008516_Glomus
MG008535_Glomeromycotina
MG008554_ClaroideoglomeraceaeMG008552_ClaroideoglomeraceaeMG008509_ClaroideoglomusMG008556_ClaroideoglomusMG008537_ClaroideoglomusMG008553_ClaroideoglomusMG008531_ClaroideoglomusMG008548_Claroideoglomus
MG008527_GlomeraceaeMG008521_GlomeraceaeMG008550_GlomeraceaeMG008557_GlomeraceaeMG008551_GlomeraceaeMG008538_GlomeraceaeMG008545_GlomeraceaeMG008528_GlomeraceaeMG008526_GlomeraceaeMG008530_GlomeraceaeMG008533_GlomeraceaeMG008532_GlomeraceaeMG008534_GlomeraceaeMG008542_Glomeraceae
MG008512_FunneliformisMG008522_Funneliformis
MG008547_GlomusMG008524_GlomusMG008559_GlomusMG008529_GlomusMG008546_GlomusMG008544_GlomusMG008539_GlomusMG008543_GlomusMG008540_GlomusMG008517_Glomus
MG008536_Rhizophagus
MG008510_RhizophagusMG008508_RhizophagusMG008513_RhizophagusMG008515_RhizophagusMG008518_RhizophagusMG008514_Rhizophagus
MG008519_RhizophagusMG008511_Rhizophagus
MG008555_ParaglomusMK018995_ParaglomusMG008558_Paraglomus
MK018662_ParaglomeralesMK018482_ParaglomeralesMK018733_ParaglomeralesMK018786_ParaglomeralesMK018852_ParaglomeralesMK019107_ParaglomeralesMK018982_ParaglomeralesMK018661_ParaglomeralesMK019007_ParaglomeralesMK018843_ParaglomeralesMK018565_ParaglomeralesMK018629_Paraglomerales
MG008549_ParaglomeralesMG008541_Paraglomerales
MK019136_Lichtheimia
MK018814_CunninghamellaMK018959_Cunninghamella
MK018397_ActinomucorMK018232_ActinomucorMK018915_MucorMK018865_MucorMK018480_MucorMK018674_MucorMK018973_Mucor
MK018433_RhizopusMK018207_Rhizopus
MK019119_CircinellaMK018905_Gilbertella
MK018834_RamicandelaberMK018953_BasidiobolalesMK018688_Basidiobolales
Chytridiomycota
Zoopagomycota
Mucoromycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
21
122
Supplementary Fig. 20 Temporal dynamics of fungal compositional variance measured by Fst. 123
According to Gilbert and Levine 34
, given the observed relative abundance, Fst is a measure 124
that standardizes the variation among patches for each species relative to the maximum 125
variation possible. Note due to the heteroskedasticity, curve fitting is not carried out for this 126
dataset. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 127
22
128
129
Supplementary Fig. 21 (A) Principal coordinate (PCo) plots of beta mean nearest taxon 130
distanc (βMNTD) for fungal communities. The first week leaf samples are phylogenetically 131
distinct from other samples, as demonstrated by PCo analysis of βNTI of fungal communities. 132
(B) PCo plots of fungal communities in unplanted soil and first week samples. Replicate 133
communities of the soil and rhizosphere for these first two time points (TP00 and TP01) are 134
more similar than are the communities of leaves or roots for just the second time point. 135
Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 136
23
137
Supplementary Fig. 22 Evidence of the absence of distance decay of fungal community 138
dissimilarity, as seen from the nearly flat slope of the correlation between geographic 139
distance and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of fungal communities of each week and each 140
compartment. Overall, the null hypothesis of no relationship between geographic distance 141
and community dissimilarity, while taking into account multiple testing [P = 0.003 (0.05/17)], 142
cannot be rejected for any leaf, root or rhizosphere sample, or for 15 of 17 soil samples 143
(excepting weeks 12 and 16). Thus, although there is an association at two time points 144
between community dissimilarity and distance for post-flowering soil, the R is low (0.320-145
0.372) and this effect is seen weeks after our detection of stochasticity in leaves and roots. 146
Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 147
24
148
Supplementary Fig. 23 Evidence of the absence of distance decay of air fungal community 149
dissimilarity. (A) air samplers were located in the sorghum field with a nested design. (B) Air 150
fungal community composition in each sample. (C) Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis of air 151
fungal community in terms of direction and location of samplers. (D) Flat relationship 152
between geographic distance and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of air fungal communities. Source 153
data are provided as a Source Data file. 154
25
155 Supplementary Fig. 24 The percent of fungal compositional variance governed by various processes in every week in control, pre- and post- 156 flowering drought in leaves, roots, rhizospheres, and soils. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 157
26
158 Supplementary Fig. 25 The temporal dynamics of yeasts on leaves in control, pre- and post- 159 flowering droughts. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 160
27
161 Supplementary Fig. 26 Heatmap showing the abundance of fungal OTUs that are predictive of sampling time as determined by random forest 162 analysis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 163
28
164 Supplementary Fig. 27 Effect of pre and post- flowering drought on fungal community composition in root and rhizosphere. Note the week 8 165 and week 17 are differentiated by circle and triangle shapes, and the three treatments are distinguished by colors. The blue and red arrows show 166 fungal community changes caused by pre- and post- flowering droughts. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 167
29
168 Supplementary Fig. 28 OTU abundance and drought. Manhattan plot showing fungal OTUs significantly differently between control and pre-169 flowering drought and between control and post-flowering drought. OTUs above the green horizontal line [-log (P) = 10] are significant biased 170 fungi detected by P < 0.00005. The symbol size corresponds to OTU abundance (log transformed). This figure is the same as Fig. 4A-B, except 171 that genus names are provided for significantly different OTUs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. 172
30
173 Supplementary Fig. 29 Fungal community evenness by week in leaves, roots, rhizospheres and soils. Source data are provided as a Source 174 Data file. 175
