suport de curs.6-13

COMUNICARE IN LIMBA ENGLEZA INCEPATORI FORMATOR: SIMONA RUSU

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UNIT 1 AT THE AIRPORT

1.1 DIALOGUES

Checking In1. Good morning. Can I have your ticket, please?2. Here you are.1. Thank you. Would you like smoking or non-smoking?2. Non-smoking, please.1. Would you like a window or an aisle seat?2. An aisle seat, please.1. Do you have any baggage?2. Yes, this suitcase and this carry-on bag.1. Here's your boarding pass. Have a nice flight.2. Thank you.Passport Control

1. Good morning. Can I see your passport?2. Here you are.1. Thank you very much. Are you a tourist or on business?2. I'm a tourist.1. That's fine. Have a pleasant stay.2. Thank you.

Key Vocabulary1

Can I have your ticket?

smoking, non-smoking

window, aisle seat

baggage, suitcase, carry-on bag

boarding pass

flight

Can I see your passport?

tourist, business

1 http://esl.about.com/od/beginnerpronunciation/a/bd_airport.htm

EXTRA ACTIVITY: VIDEO http://www.engvid.com/travel-vocabulary/


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1.2 NATIONALITIES2

The word 'Nationality' is not often used in spoken English. It is a formal and official word and it appears more frequently in written English. You will find the word 'Nationality' is used a lot in the travel industry and for immigration.

We almost never say: What is your nationality?We usually say: Where are you from? OR Where do you come from?To tell someone your nationality you DON'T say: My nationality is Romanian.You say: I'm Romanian.

RememberI am from Chile.

To Be + from + country

I am Chilean.To Be + Nationality

Singular Plural

Country Countries

Nationality Nationalities

List of Countries, Nationalities and their LanguagesBelow is a list of countries with the appropriate nationality. The Language that appears is the

main language that is spoken in the country. We have not included all the languages that they may speak in that country.

Country Nationality Language

Afghanistan Afghan Persian - Pashto

Argentina Argentine Spanish

Australia Australian English

Belgium Belgian French / Flemish

Bolivia Bolivian Spanish

Brazil Brazilian Portuguese

Cambodia Cambodian Cambodian

Cameroon Cameroonian French / English

Canada Canadian English / French

Chile Chilean Spanish

China Chinese Chinese

Colombia Colombian Spanish

2 http://www.vocabulary.cl/Basic/Nationalities.htm


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Costa Rica Costa Rican Spanish

Cuba Cuban Spanish

Denmark Danish (Dane) Danish

Dominican Republic Dominican Spanish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Spanish

Egypt Egyptian Arabic

El Salvador Salvadorian Spanish

England English English

Estonia Estonian Estonian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Amharic

Finland Finnish Finnish

France French French

Germany German German

Ghana Ghanaian English

Greece Greek Greek

Guatemala Guatemalan Spanish

Haiti Haitian French / Creole

Honduras Honduran Spanish

Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian

Iran Iranian Persian

Ireland Irish Irish / English

Israel Israeli Hebrew

Italy Italian Italian

Japan Japanese Japanese

Jordan Jordanian Arabic

Kenya Kenyan Swahili

Korea Korean Korean

Laos Laotian Laotian

Latvia Latvian Latvian

Lithuania Lithuanian Lithuanian

Malaysia Malaysian Malay / Malaysian

Mexico Mexican Spanish

Morocco Moroccan Arabic / French

Netherlands Dutch Dutch

New Zealand New Zealander English / Maori

Nicaragua Nicaraguan Spanish


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Norway Norwegian Norwegian

Panama Panamanian Spanish

Paraguay Paraguayan Spanish

Peru Peruvian Spanish

Philippines Filipino Tagalog / Filipino

Poland Polish Polish

Portugal Portuguese Portuguese

Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Spanish

Romania Romanian Romanian

Russia Russian Russian

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabic

Spain Spanish Spanish

Sweden Swedish Swedish

Switzerland Swiss Swiss

Taiwan Taiwanese Chinese

Tajikistan Tajik Tajik (Persian)

Thailand Thai Thai

Turkey Turkish Turkish

Ukraine Ukrainian Ukrainian

United States American * English

Uruguay Uruguayan Spanish

Venezuela Venezuelan Spanish

Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnamese

Wales Welsh Welsh / English

*You will notice that people from United States have the nationality 'American'. Some people from other parts of the American continent (especially Central and South America) tend not to like the word American for people from the United States. You will find that they will call them North American.


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1.3 THE PRESENT INDICATIVE OF THE VERB TO BE

Affirmative Negative Interrogative-( Negative)

I am I am not Am I ( not) ?You are You are not Are you (not) ?He is He is not Is he ( not) ?She is She is not Is she ( not) ?It is It is not Is it ( not) ?We are We are not Are we ( not) ?You are You are not Are you ( not) ?They are They are not Are they ( not) ?Short forms

Im, youre, hes, shes, its, were, youre, theyre

Im not , youre not ( you arent ), hes not ( he isnt), shes not ( she isnt), its not ( it isnt), were not (we arent) youre not( you arent) , theyre not ( they arent)

Arent you ? isnt he? Isnt she? Isnt it? Arent we? Arent you? Arent they?

1.4 THE PLURAL OF COUNTABLE NOUNS3

Nouns that you can count as separate items are called countable nouns. Take for example the word coin: you can have one coin, two coins, three coins, four coins and so on.The plural of most nouns is formed by adding an s to the end of the noun:

one coin two coins one ticket two tickets one tourist three tourists one cat two cats one book three books one plane two planes one train two trains one car two cars

There are some exceptions, however.There are nouns that end with the sound /d/ or /t/ as in sandwich, witch, the sound /s/ as in class, glass, the sound /z/ as in blouse or the sound /ks/ as inbox, fox. You can hear the sound endings when you say the words out loud.To form the plural for these words, add es to the end of the noun:

one sandwich two sandwiches one match two matches one class two classes one box two boxes

3 http://www.learning-english-online.net/areas/grammar/parts-of-speech-and-sentence-structure/nouns/the-plural-of-nouns/


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f(e)->ves wife=> wives wolf=> wolves

IRREGULARITIES AND CHANGES IN SPELLING Some nouns have special plural forms: for example one mouse two mice, one

man two men, one woman two women.Here is a list of the most important nouns that have an irregular plural:

Singular Plural

child children

man men

woman women

penny pence

mouse mice

tooth teeth

foot feet

If a noun ends with "y" after a consonant, it becomes "ie" when you form the plural (but dont forget the plural "s" at the end!): a party two parties, a familytwo families.

1.5 ARTICLES

1. The Definite ArticleBefore it is possible to choose the right article to place before a noun, it is first necessary to determine the nature or category of the noun that is being used.As in other languages, nouns in English can be divided into two distinct categories, called: count nouns and non-count nouns. Count nouns are nouns referring to items that can be counted, for example:One car, two pencils, three people, four guitarists, five hotels etc.

These nouns can be used in the singular or the pluralIn the singular, count nouns must be preceded by a determiner:

The dog is happy. (or This dog is happy, etc: but not: Dog is happy )I'm reading my book or I'm reading the book ; but not: I'm reading book

In the plural, they may require a determiner, depending on context.


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Non-count nouns are nouns referring to abstractions, substances or generalizations, or example:Oxygen, health, money, heat, astronomy

In the singular, non-count nouns do not require a determiner.The plural is even easier: non-count nouns can NOT usually be used in the plural.

Generalisation or not?Sometimes it is not easy to decide if a plural noun is being used as a generalization, or in a restrictive context : often the speaker or writer can choose. Look at these two sentences:a) Tomatoes are redb) The tomatoes are red.

In example (a), the writer is clearly implying a generalisation on the noun group"Tomatoes": i.e. All tomatoes .

In example (b), he is referring to a restricted or defined category of the noun:"tomatoes", i.e. the tomatoes here in front of us are red; but some other tomatoes may be green or yellow .In cases like these, one therefore has a choice; but the choice is not always completely free, as it often depends on context. Is it more important or more logical to imply a generalization, or a limitation?

2. The Indefinite ArticleEnglish has two indefinite articles, a and an

a is used before nouns starting with a consonant or a semivowelan is used before nouns starting with a phonetic vowel

Examples: a dog, a cat, an apple, an orange, an uncle, but a university (because the word university starts with phonetic [ju:], which is not a vowel).

Indefinite articles can only be used with count nouns. They are used when a count noun in the singular refers to a non-specified or non defined entity.Examples:a) There's a train (= unspecified) coming in 5 minutes. It's the train (= specified)for London.b) Look! I can see a hotel over there ! (= a non-identified hotel) It's the hotel (= specified) we're looking for !.

There is no indefinite article in the plural. The word "some" is occasionally said to be a plural indefinite article, but really it is a quantifier (like many, few, etc.).By definition, plural nouns referring to non-specified entities are generalisations, therefore need no article4.

4 http://linguapress.com/grammar/article-in-english.htm


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1.6 NUMBERS

1. The cardinal Numeral

1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty- two3 three 13 thirteen 23 twenty- three4 four 14 fourteen 30 thirty5 five 15 fifteen 40 forty6 six 16 sixteen 50 fifty7 seven 17 seventeen 60 sixty8 eight 18 eighteen 70 seventy9 nine 19 nineteen 80 eighty10 ten 20 twenty 90 ninety 100 a (one) hundred

106 a (one) hundred and six621 six hundred and twenty-one1,000 a (one) thousand3,749 three thound seven hundred and forty -nine1,000,000 a (one) million

3. The ordinal Numeral1st the first 11th the eleventh 21st the twenty-first2nd the second 12th the twelth 22nd the twenty-second3rd the third 13th the thirteenth 23rd the twenty-third4th the fourth 14th the fourteenth 30th the thirteth5th the fifth 15th the fifteenth 40th the fortieth6th the sixth 16th the sixteenth 50th the fiftieth7th the seventh 17th the seventeenth 60th the sixtieth8th the eighth 18th the eighteenth 70th the seventieth9th the ninth 19th the nineteenth 80th the eightieth10th the tenth 20th the twentieth 90th the ninetieth 100th the (one) hundredth

106th the (one) hundred and sixth621st the six hundred and twenty-first1,000th the(one) thounsandth1,000,000th the(one)millionth

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