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Superplasticityin Advanced
MaterialsProceedings of an International Conference on Superplasticity inAdvanced Materials, supported by The Commemorative Associationfor the Japan World Exposition (1970), The Japan Society forResearch on Superplasticity, Amada Foundation for Metal WorkTechnology, Shimazu Science Foundation and Research Foundationfor Materials Science,held in Osaka, Japan, June 3-6, 1991.
Edited by
Shigenori HoriTeikyo University, Utsunomiya,
Masaharu TokizaneRitsumeikan University, Kyoto
andNorio Fumshiro
Osaka University, Osaka
A Publication of
JSRSThe Japan Society for Research on Superplasticity
IX
Table of Contents
Preface v
Fundamental Aspects of Superplasticity
Superplasticity : An Historical Perspective 3Terence G. Langdon
Future Directions for Superplasticity 13J. Wadsworth, T. G. Nieh and O. D. Sherby
Sliding along the Interphase -Boundary in Austcnite/FcrriteDuplex Stainless Steel Bicrystals 23
S. Hashimoto, F. Moriwaki, T. Mimaki and S. Miura
On the Applicability of a Boundary Sliding Controlled FlowProcess to Superplastic Deformation 33
Subramshu S. Bhattacharya and K. Anantha Padmanabhan
Unusual Low Grain Boundary Sliding in Aluminium Alloywith Classical Features of Micrograin Superplasticity 39
V, S. Levchenko, V. K. Portnoy and I. I. Novikov
Influence of Microstructural Evolution on Region Iof the Superplastic Zn-22 Wt% Al Alloy 45
G. S. Murty
Effect of Strain Rate Sensitivity on Non-Uniform Deformationin Superplastic Materials 51
T. Okabe and T. Hatayama
Accommodation Mechanism and Dispersoid-Free Zonesin Al 7475 after Superplastic Forming 57
U. Koch, W. Bunk and P. J. Winkler
Geometrical Aspects of the Developmentof Superplastic Deformation 63
M. G. Zelin and M. V. Alexsandrova
Effect of Specimen Shape on Flow Stressin Superplastic Materials 69
Y. Takayama, N. Fufushiro, T. Tozawa and H. Kato
Influence of Specimen Notch Effect on the Superplastic m-bRelationaships of Zn-0.6%Cu-0.1%Ti Alloy 75
Chin Liu, Pengcheng Si, Di Chang and Jun Wong
Effects of Strain Rates on the Superplastic m-b Relationshipsof HPb59-l Brass 81
Chin Liu, Di Chang, Chunfu Liang and Jie Liu
Effects of Temperatures on the Superplastic m-b Relationshipsof HPb59-l Brass 87
Chin Liu, Di Chang, Chunfu Liang and Zhuming Shen
Microstructural Dynamics in Superplasticity
Microstructure Dynamics in Superplastic Deformation 95R Z. Valiev and M. G. Zelin
Microstructural Aspects of Plastic Stabilityduring Superplastic Deformation 105
Michel Suery and Bernard Baudelet
Structural Peculiarities of Aluminium Alloy after SuperplasticDeformation at Anomalous High Strain Rate 121
/. /. Novikov, V. K. Portnoy, V. M. Iljenko and V. S. Levchenko,
Microstructural Coarsening and its Effect on Localizationof Flow in Superplastic Deformation 127
C. H. Hamilton, H. M. Zbib, C. II. Johnson and S. K. Richter
Effect of Pre-Deformation on Continuous RecrystallizationIn 7475 Al Alloy 133
Eiichi Sato, Kiminori Gemba and Kazuhiko Kuribayashi
Microstructural Change and its Influence on Stress-StrainBehavior of Superplastic Materials 139
D. R. Lesuer, C. K. Syn, K. L. Cadwell and S. C. Mance
A Comparative Study of the Superplastic Behaviorof Two Dynamically Recrystallizing Alminum-Lithium Alloys 145
R E. Goforth, M. N. Srinivasan and N. Chandra
Improvement of Superplasticity by Prior Warm-Workingin 7075 Aluminum Alloy 151
Taku Sakai and Manabu Nakai
Effect of Thermo-Mechanical History on the Internal Frictionand Superplasticity of Al-6Cu-0.5Zr Alloy 157
Takao Endo, Motoyasu Itirano and Kenji Yoshida
Dynamic Recrystallization during Superplastic Flowof Materials 163
G. A. Salishchev, R. M. Galeyev and R. M. Imaev
Cavitation in Superplastic Deformation
Cavitation Behavior during Superplastic Deformation 171Ami H. Chokshi
Cavitation and Cavity Suppression during MultiaxialDeformation of Superplastic Materials 181
John Pilling
Superplasticity in Ceramics
Microstructural Design of Superplastic Ceramics 193I-Wei Chen
Superplastic Flow in Nanograin Ceramics 195Reijo Lappalainen and Rishi Raj
Superplasticity of Functional Ceramics 205Fumihiro Wakai, Yasuharu Kodama, Norimitsu Murayama,Shuji Sakaguchi, Tanguy Rouxel, S. Sato and To-oru Nonami
A Comparison of the Tensile and Comprcssivc Creep Behaviorof a Superplastic Yttria-Stabilizcd Tetragonal Zirconia-20wt% Alumina Composite 215
David M. Owen and Atul II. Chokshi
On the Superplastic Deformation Modes of Y-TZPunder Uniaxial Tension 221
Yoshinobu Motohashi, Takehirp Sekigami,Takaaki Sakuma and Miyajiro Ohmori
High-Temperature Deformation in Al2O3-ZrO2 227Kazuki Okada, Yu-ichi Yoshizawa and Taketo Sakuma
Effect of Initial Porosity on the Superplastic Behaviorof Y-TZP in Vacuum 233
/. A. Akmoulin, M. Djahazi and J. J. Jonas
Prediction of Ceramic Properties after Superplastic Deformationby Means of Computer Simulation 239
O. N. Akmoulina, E. N. Chumachenko,A. N. Skorokhodov and O. M. Smirnov
Grain Boundary Sliding in Supcrplastic Deformationof Ceramic Materials 245
Norio Furushiro, Tsuneyuki Tanizawa,Kotaro Akashiro and Satoshi Takeshita
The Strain-Enhanced Grain Growth in Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystalduring Superplastic Deformation 251
Yu-ichi Yoshizawa and Taketo Sakuma
Superplastic Ceramic Composites 257T. G. Nieh and J. Wadsworth
Superplastic Behaviour of Fine-Gra. zd Zirconia 263J. J. Blandin, A. Varloteaux and M. Suery
Diffusion Controlled and Interface-Reaction Controlled Deformationin Fine-Grained Alumina and Y-TZP 269
Yasunori Okamoto, Masato Inoue, Takeshi Shiono,Kunio Hayashi and Tomozo Nishikawa
Observation of Supcrplastic Flow in YBa2Cu307_}{ SuperconductorsContaining Silver 275
Jondo Yun, Martin P. Harmer, Ye T. Chou and Om P. Arora
Extrusion Behavior of a Superconductor Ceramicin a Superplastic Metal Matrix 281
J. E. Moreno, N. Floriano and G. Torres-Villasenor
Superplasticity in Intermetallics
Deformation Microstructure in Supcrplastic Intermetallics 289Shuji Hanada
Superplastic Deformation in Titanium Aluminidesand Modeling of Transient Deformation 299
A. K Ghosh and C-H. Cheng
Superplasticity in Ti-Rich TiAl 311Takashi Maeda, Minoru Okada and Yoshiaki Shida
Superplastic Deformation Behavior of MechanicallyAlloyed TiAl-Ti3Al Intermetallic Compounds 317
Kei Ameyama, Akihiko Miyazaki and Masaharu Tokizane
Superplasticity in Fine Grained Nickel Silicide 323Susan L. Stoner and Amiya K. Mukherjee
Superplasticity in Ll2 Type Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallics 329Takayuki Takasugi, Susumu Rikukawa and Shuji Hanada
Superplasticity in Metal Composites
High Strain Rate Superplasticity in Whisker-ReinforcedAluminum Composites 339
T. G. Nieh and J. Wadsworth
High Temperature Deformation and Microstructurein WC-Co Cemented Carbides 349
T. Sakuma and H. Hondo
Processing of Zn-22Al/Al2O3 Composite Sintered Sheetsand Mechanical Characteristics 355
Hiroaki Ohsawa and Muneharu Yoshizawa
Application of Superplasticity for Fabricationof Metal Matrix Composite 361
Yasuo Uchiyama and Masayuki Hasaka
Processing of 6061 Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforcedwith Si3N4 Whisker and their Superplastic Behavior 367
Mamoru Mabuchi, Tsunemichi Imai and Katsushi Kubo
Superplasticity in Si3N4 Whisker Reinforced 7064 AluminiumAlloy Composite 373
Tsunemichi Imai, Mamoru Mabuchi and Yoshihisa Tozawa
Superplastic Behavior and Microstructural Characterizationof a P-Si3N4 Whisker Reinforced 2124 Aluminium Composite 379
Gilles L'Esperance, Tsunemichi Imai and Bande Hong
High Strain Rate Superplasticity in ParticulateAluminum Composite 385
Mamoru Mabuchi, Kenji Higashi, Yoshihiro Okada,Shinji Tanimura, Tsunemichi Imai and Katsushi Kubo
Elevated Temperature Deformation of SiC Whisker/Zn-22%A1 Alloy Composites 391
Jun Su Kim, Junichi Kaneko and Makoto Sugamata
New CompoudingMethod for the Composite Material Usingthe Particulate Superplastic Al-Li Alloy and SiC Powders 399
Munetake Satoh, Kei Miyanami, Kenji Higashi,Shinji Tanimura and Hideo Yoshida
Fatigue Properties of SPF/DB Joints in Titanium Alloys 405Yoshiharu Mutoh, Masaru Kobayashi,Yoshiharu Mae and Toyoichi Satoh
Superplasticity in Metals
The Deformation Mechanisms of Low Temperature Superplasticityin Al-Mg Alloys 413
Terry R McNelley and Peter N. Kalu
Influence of Zirconium on Superplastic Deformation at 573Kfor an Al-10wt% Mg Alloy 423
Hideshi Aiko and Norio Furushiro
Evaluation on Superplasticity in Al-Zn-Mgand Al-Li Base Alloys 429
Hang-Ping Pu, Shun-Using Yen, Jacob C. Huang and Po-We Kao
Superplastic Behaviour of Spray Cast 7475 Aluminium Alloy 435S. A. McCoy, J. White and N. Ridley
Superplasticity of Rapidly Solidified 7XXX Aluminum Alloy 441Shin-ichi Matsuda, Yoshimasa Okubo and Hideo Yoshida
Superplastic Deformation Characteristicsof 5083 Aluminium Alloy 447
H. Iwasaki, K Higashi, S. Tanimura,T. Komatsubara and S. Hayami
Superplastic and Recrystallisation Behaviourof a Commercial Al-Mg Alloy 5083 453
H. Imamura and N. Ridley
Deformation Behaviour of Two Commercial Superplastic Alloys 459Subramshu S. Bhattacharya and K Anantha Padmanabhan
Superplastic Deformation in a High TemperatureTi-Alloy IMI834 465
A. Wisbey and P. G. Partridge
Production of Fine Grained Titanium Alloys for SuperplasticForging by Means of Controlled Recrystallization 471
/. A. Akmoulin and J. J. Jonas
Compression Test of Ti-6A1-4V Alloy under TransformationalSuperplasticity Condition 479
Kinji Sato, Tomio Kajikawa and Kazuhide Ugajin
Superplasticity of PM Nickel-Base Supcralloy .485Shiomi Kikuchi
Superplastic Two-Phase Mg-Li Alloys 491Kenji Higashi, O. D. Sherby, G. Gonzalez-Donceland J. Wolfenstine
Possibility of Grain Refinement for Superplasticityof Mg-Al Alloys by Zirconium Additions 497
Hirohiko Takuda, Shiomi Kikuchi,Hitoshi Fujimoto and Natsuo Hatta
Aluminum Effects on the Microstructure and the Superplasticityof Ultra-High Carbon Steels Processed by DETWAD 503
Dong-Wha Kum, Hyung Kang and Soon II. Hong
Pretreatment for Superplasticity of SKD11 Steeland its Deformation Characteristics 509
Mo Jianping, Ye Mao and Yuzo Hosoi
Superplastic Behavior of SKD11-P/M Steel 515Mo Jianping, Kazuya Miyahara and Yuzo Hosoi
Thermomechanical Treatment for Superplasticityof 20Cr-10Ni-High N Austenitic Stainless Steel 521
Kiyoshi Mineura
Influences of Al Content and Cr Addition on the Superplasticityof Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy 527
Masamichi Mild and YoshiMyo Ogino
A Study of Superplasticity of CuZnAlZr Shape Memory Alloy 533Lin Fayu and Huang Chuzhen
Superplasticity at High Strain Rates
Thermomechanical Stability of Nanocrystalline Microstructuresand their Role in Enhancing Superplastic Deformation 541
Merrilea J. Mayo
The Role of Subgrain Boundaries during the Initial Stage ofHigh Rate Superplastic Deformation of a PM Aluminium Alloy 551
Kenji Matsuki, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Mitsugu Tokizawaand Yotaro Murakami
High Strain Rate Superplasticity and its DeformationMechanism in Aluminum Alloys 557
Norio Furushiro, Shigenori Hori and Yoshiharu Miyake
High Strain Rate Superplasticity of a 25%Cr-7%Ni-3%Mo-0.14%NDuplex Stainless Steel 563
Yasuhiro Maehara
Positive Exponent Strain-Rate Superplasticity in MechanicallyAlloyed Aluminum 569
K Higashi, T. Okada, T. Mukai and S. Tanimura
Deformation Characteristics in P/M Aluminum Alloysat High Temperatures 575
K. Higashi, S. Itsumi, M. Hoshikawa, Y. Matsumura,T. Ito, S. Tanimura and H.Yoshida
Superplasticity of Mechanically Alloyed Aluminumat High Strain Rate 581
Kazunari Shinagawa, Tetsuo Morioka and Kozo Osakada
Texture Evolution during High Rate SuperplasticElongation in Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum 587
Zhe Jin and Thomas R Bieler
Development of a New Superplastic Aluminium Alloy 593Philippe Fernandez
Analysis and Application of Superplastic Forming
Fundamental Questions Concerning the Application of SuperplasticForming and Superplastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding 601
H. E. Friedrich and P. -J. Winkler
Application of Superplastic Forming for Aerospace Components 611TakayuM Tsuzuku, Akio Takahashi and Akira Sakamoto
A Review of the Mechanical Properties after SuperplasticForming and Diffusion Bonding 621
D. S. McDarmaid, P. G. Partridge and A. Wisbey
Researches on Superplasticity and Formingin the National R & D Projects 633
Ken-ichi Matsuno and Yoshinori Nakazawa
Effect of Strain Rate Path on Stretch Flange Formabilityof Zn-22A1 Superplastic alloy Sheet 643
Masaaki Watanabe and Hisashi Nishimura
Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bondingof Aluminum Alloy 7475 Sheet in Air 649
M. Hirohashi, Y. Park and II. Asanuma
The Superplasticity of T15-P/M High Speed Steeland its Forming 655
Zhu Fuxian, Liu Zhaohui,Mo Jianping and Zhang Qiang
Diffusion Bonding/Superplastic Fofming ofTi6A14V/SUS 304/Ti6A14V 661
T. H. Chuang, S. Y. Chang, J. II. Cheng,H. P. Kao and S. E. Hsu
New Aluminim Alloys for SPF and SPF/DB Application 667G. Broden and B. Plege
Superplastic Deformation and Diffusion Bonding ofan Al-Li Alloy Containing 20 wr% Particulate SiC 669
D. V. Dunford, S. M. Flitcroft,D. S McDarmaid and P. G. Partridge
A New Superplastic Aluminium Alloy, FORMALLR 570 675Philippe Fernandez
Zn-5%Al-0.3%Mg Superplastic Alloy Grooved Drum 681Gao Lun
On the Room Temperature Formability and Tensile SuperplasticBehaviour of an Al-Ca-Zn Alloy 687
Krishnamurti Swaminathan and K Anantha Padmanabhan
The Diffusion Bonding of Ti-6A1-4V Titanium Alloyunder Superplastic Condition 693
Zong Yuan Zhang, Cheng He Cai and Zhao Rong Lin
The Application of Superplastic Forming to the DiffusionBonding of Dissimilar Materials 699
P. G. Partridge, A. Wisbey and D. V. Dunford
Superplastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding Combined Technologyof Curved Panel of Titanium Alloy 705
Zhiqiang Li and Huihong Guo
Formability Investigation of SuperplasticAl-Li Alloy Sheet - Part 1 709
P. S. McAuliffe and D. J. Chellman
Assessment of Superplastic Al-Li Alloy Sheetin Airframe Structural Applications - Part II ,717
P. SMcAuliffe and D. J. Chellman
Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristicsin an Al-Li-Zr Alloy and Implications in CommercialForming Processes 725
C. H. Hamilton and B. Ren
Economic Aspects of Superplastic Forming (SPD) 731Y. N. Raikov, A. G. Vorobjov and L. I. Perepelitsina
Superplasticity in Bulk Forming Metals and Ceramics 737O. A. Korabelnikov and O. M. Smirnov
Applications of the Finite Elements Method for Analysisof Superplastic Deformation 743
M. A Tsepin, A. N. Yershov,A. R Tayupov and O. M. Smirnov
The Treatment of Hard-to-Deform Materialsin the State of Superplasticity 749
Oskar D. Kaibyshev
The Treatment of Contact Interaction of the Instrument and Plastic-to-Deform Object through the Layer of Supcrplastic Metals 759
N. P. Barykin and O.D. Kaibyshev
Variable Optimum Strain-Rate for DynamicallyRecrystallizing Aluminum-Lithium Alloys 765
N. Chandra, S. C. Rama and R. EGoforth
The Properties and Applications of Currently ExploitedSuperplastic Aluminium Alloys 771
R Grimes and R G.Butler
An Optimal Extrusion of Rate Sensitive Materials 777Jong S. Lee, Sung S. Hong and Nam C. Cho
Superplastic Forming of Ti6A14V at Lower TemperaturesUsingHydrogen 783
Gerhard Hirt and Peter J. Winkler.
Diffusion Bonding of 1.6% High Carbon Steelswith Very Fine Grains 789
Hiroshi Kato and Keiji Yoshikawa
Peel Strength of Diffusion Bonded Joints in 8090 Alloy 795D. V. Dunford and P. G. Partridge
Development of a SPF-Aluminum Aircraft Structure 801B. Plege and Ch. Schleinzer
Numerical Simulation of Superplastic Formingunder Axisymmetric and Plane Strain Conditions 807
Hiroaki Sato, Takayuki Tsuzuku and Akio Takahashi
Superplastic Material Rheology Affectedby Structure Evolution 813
Oleg M. Smirnov
Computer-Controlled Deep-Drawing Processfor Superplastic Materials 819
Kentaro Soeda, Ken -ichi Manabe and Hisashi Nishimura
Development on Construction Technology for Under-SurfaceLunar Bace Using Superplastic Alloy 825
Toshio Saito, Takatoshi Ogawa, Yasushi NakayamaKatsutoshi Asai and Kenji Higashi
Impulse-controlled Superplastic Forgingfor Manufacturing Precision Machinery Parts 831
Minami Kimura and Masaru Kobayashi
Process Modeling of Superplastic FormingUsing Four Different Computational Methods 837
N. Chandra, S. C. Rama and R E. Goforlh
Summary
Summary and Topics of ICSAM-91 847Terence G. Langdon and Jeffrey Wadsworth
Authorindex 853