1. Superconductivity in Electric Power SectorSubmitted by- Submitted to-Ashish Soreng Dr. Abhimanyu Mohapatra7th Sem, 0901106140Dr. Ranjan Kumar JenaElectrical Engg.

2. CONTENTSIntroductionTypes Of SCLTS vs HTSProperties Of SCEnergy ApplicationsConclusion 3. Introduction Superconductors are broadly viewed as materials which havenegligible resistance to the flow of electricity under lowtemperature conditions . The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed inmercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in1911 Discovery of High Temperature superconductors in 1986reignited interest in superconducting Power applicationbecause of lower cooling costs. 4. What is Superconductivity?Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero ( 0 K, -2730 C) to liquid nitrogen temperatures ( 77 K, -1960 C), their electrical resistance drops with a jump down to zero.The temperature at whichelectrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature (Tc) 5. Types of Superconductors Used Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) Ex- Nb3Sn, Nb3Ge High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) Ex- YBCO 6. Shortcomings of LTSCritical Temperatures are Very lowCost of cooling is very high using Liquid HeliumFor LTS TC < 20KAdvent of HTS Comparatively higher critical Temperatures HTS show superconductivity at or above 196 C(77 K) i.e. Temperature of Liquid NitrogenLiquid Nitrogen is 15 times cheaper than liquid . Helium 7. Properties required for practical superconductors 8. ApplicationsSuperconducting Magnetic Energy StoragePower Transmission CableTransformersFault Current LimiterRotating Machines 9. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)SMES is a device for storing and instantaneously discharging large quantities of power.It stores electric energy in the magnetic field generated by DC current flowing through a coiled wire.The SMES recharges within minutes and can repeat the charge/dischargesequence thousands of times withoutany degradation of the magnet. 10. Components Of SMES SystemSuperconductor CoilsPower Conditioning SystemCryogenically Cooled RefrigeratorVacuum Vessel 11. How Does It Work?Stores Electric Energy in Magnetic FieldSuperconductors have zero resistance to DC electrical current at low temperaturesVery low Ohmic heat dissipationEnergy stored within the coil is given by 12. E= 5kJ E= 200kJ 13. Operation Of SMES SystemTransmission Voltage is reduced to several hundred VoltsAC is converted into DCDC Voltage charges the Superconducting CoilThe coil discharges and acts as a source of energywhen AC Network requires power boost 14. Advantages Of SMES Time Delay during charge and discharge is quite short Very High Power is available almost instantaneously Loss of power is less than other storage method High Reliability. Environmental friendly and highly efficient 15. Power Transmission CablesSince 10% to 15% of generated electricity is dissipated in resistive losses in transmission lines, the prospect of zero loss superconducting transmission lines is appealing In prototype superconducting transmission lines at Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1000 MW of power can be transported within an enclosure of diameter 40 cm. 16. TransformersHTS Transformer have low lossesSize and Weight are reduced by half.HTS Transformer are cooled by Cryo Coolers rather than dielectric flammable oil =>No Threat Of Fire hazards 17. Fault Current LimitersHTS Current Limiters Protects against disturbances such as Power Surges due to Lightning or Accidents.HTS coils absorb excess energy due to large pulse of current within MillisecondsHTS Current Limiters can effectively Limit the Current spikes Circuit Breaker must handle. 18. Rotating MachinesEfficiency improvements near 1%Decreased size and weight for equivalent ratingsImproved steady state and transient system performanceReduced life-cycle costs 19. ConclusionFurther R&D is in progress to synthesize new materials which might attain superconductivity at even room temperaturesSuch an invention can truly revolutionize the modern world of electronics, power & transportation 20. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_magnetic_energy_storage http://www.ornl.gov/ http://www.superconductorweek.com/ 21. Thank you