Superconducting Detectors for X-ray Science...The leaders of the field are in the US! !...

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Superconducting Detectors for X-ray Science Antonino Miceli August 2, 2012

Transcript of Superconducting Detectors for X-ray Science...The leaders of the field are in the US! !...

Page 1: Superconducting Detectors for X-ray Science...The leaders of the field are in the US! ! TransionEdgeSensors "Joel) Ullometal)) Microwave)Kine’c)Inductance)Detectors)"Ben) Mazinetal)

Superconducting Detectors for X-ray

Science

Antonino  Miceli    August  2,  2012  

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The leaders of the field are in the US!

§  Transi'on  Edge  Sensors  à  Joel  Ullom  et  al    

§  Microwave  Kine'c  Inductance  Detectors  à  Ben  Mazin  et  al    

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Superconductors Detectors for X-ray Detector R&D

§  Energy  dispersive  semiconductor  detectors  have  almost  reached  their  theore'cal  limits  –  e.g.,  Silicon  Dri7  Diodes  have  energy  resolu=on  ~  150  eV  at  6  keV  

§  Limited  R&D  on  spectroscopic  detectors  –  Only  effort  is  Silicon  array  detector  of  Peter  Siddons  (BNL)  and  Chris  Ryan  

(Australia)  •  Using  silicon  arrays  to  achieve  large  collec=on  solid  angles  for  micro-­‐probe  XRF  

experiments.  

–  Can  impact  x-­‐ray  spectroscopy  and  diffrac=on.  

§  Leverages  local  facili'es  and  exis'ng  projects.  –  Argonne’s  Nanocenter  (CNM)  for  device  fabrica=on  –  Many  groups  with  thin  film  deposi=on  experience  –  APS  RF  group  (3D  EM  simula=on,  Low-­‐level  RF  electronics)  

–  Superconduc=ng  Transi=on  Edge  Sensors  for  UChicago’s  SPTpol  

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Applications for superconducting x-ray detectors?

§  X-­‐ray  Inelas'c  ScaJering  –  “Photon-­‐in  Photon-­‐out  X-­‐ray  Spectroscopy”  –  Access  wide  range  of  excita=ons.  

•  Compton  Sca_ering  (e.g.,  measure  bulk  Fermi  surface)  •  EXAFS  of  low-­‐Z  materials  with  hard  x-­‐rays  •  RIXS/XANES  (remove  pre-­‐edge  features  using  RIXS)  •  X-­‐ray  Emission  Spectroscopy  (XES)  

–  Superconduc=ng  detectors  allows  broadband  and  efficient  measurement  compared  to  crystal  analyzers  (i.e.,  SBCAs).  

•  Possibly  need  high-­‐mosaic  crystal  pre-­‐filter  to  suppress  elas=c  peak  (e.g.,  logarithmic  spiral  filters,  Bunker  et  al)    

§  Energy  Dispersive  XRD  (white  beam  diffrac'on)  –  Versus  angle-­‐dispersive  diffrac=on    

•  Using  monochroma=c  incoming  beam  and  area  detector  

–  Complex  sample  environments  for  in-­‐situ  studies  (e.g.,  high-­‐pressure  cells,  ba_ery  research)  

§  Need  to  perform  proof-­‐of-­‐principle  experiments  and  engage  beamline  scien'sts.    

RIXS  

Glatzel  et  al  

NRIXS  

Huotari  et  al    

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Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors §  Quasipar'cle  (or  ΔT)  generated  by  x-­‐ray  

causes  an  inductance  increase  (i.e.,  “kine'c  inductance”)  –  Measure  inductance  change  in  a  LC  resona'ng  

circuit  

Mul'plexing:  Lithographically  vary  geometric  inductance/resonant  frequency…  

ΔLs  

ΔRs  

Observables….  

Ø  1024  pixels  demonstrated  in  2011  (Ben  Mazin  et  al)  Ø  People  are  contempla<ng  10k  pixels  now  

•  Limited  by  room  temperature  electronics  

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MKIDs @ Argonne for synchrotrons §  The    goal  is  energy  resolu=on  <  10eV  with  good  count  rate  capabili=es  (>  

100kcps)    §  Three  Main  Aspects:  

1.   Device  Fabrica'on  Ø  Fabrica=on  is  completely  in-­‐house  Ø  Rela=vely  “simple”…  pa_erning  of  metal  (deposi=on,  photolithography,  etching)  

Ø  Film  quality  is  very  important!  Ø  Ini=ally  aim  a  simple  device,  then  progress  to  more  complex  designs  (e.g.,  membrane-­‐

suspended)  Ø  Dedicated  deposi=on  system  being  commissioned.  

2.   Cryogenics  and  Device  Characteriza'on  Ø  We  are  mostly  limited  by  how  fast  we  can  test  devices.  

3.   Readout  electronics  Ø  Ini=ally  the  analog  readout  for  characteriza=on.  Ø  Digital  FPGA-­‐based  array  readout  in  the  near  future.  

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Anatomy of an MKID – Our work (one design)

1  pixel  

15  pixels  2 mm

Ø  First  x-­‐ray  pulses  at  APS  in  January  2012!  

Ø  Fe-­‐55  and  Cd-­‐109  

1  micron  WSi2  (XSD)    

Inductor/Absorber  

Capacitor  Simula=on  

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From an empty lab….

Be  window  

Cryostat  

Microwave  Electronics  

§  Cryostat  Ø  Cryogen  Free  ADR  Ø  T  =  100  mK  for  2  days  Ø  3-­‐4  hour  recycle  =me  

§  Microwave  Electronics  §  Vector  Network  Analyzer  §  IQ  mixing  

§  Control  &  Data  Analysis  Sodware  

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From optics to detectors… Tungsten Silicide MKIDs

§  We  have  been  searching  for  dense  materials  for  x-­‐rays.  §  WSix  is  a  material  with  low  Tc,  high  kine'c  inductance  frac'on  and  good  quality  factors.    

T  Cecil,  et  al.,  Applied  Physics  LeJers,  (2012)  

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Near-Term Activities

§  Focused  on  itera'ng  on  x-­‐ray  pixel  designs  –  Detector  Design  Goals  

•  Energy  resolu=on    –  1  year  goal  <  60eV  (Al/Ta  CPW  geometry)  –  2  year  goal  <  30eV  –  3  year  goal  <  5eV  (SiN  membrane  suspended)  

•  Count  rate  capabili=es  (>  100kcps)  (i.e.,  ~200-­‐500  pixels)  

§  Bring  deposi'on  system  up  and  running  

SiN  Membrane  Silicon  

MKID  

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People

§  Antonino  Miceli  (XSD  Staff)  (80%)  (PI)  §  Tom  Cecil  (XSD  Staff)  (80%)  §  Orlando  Quaranta  (Post-­‐doc)  (100%)  §  Lisa  Gades  (XSD  Staff)  (20%)  

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Conclusions

§  Superconduc=ng  detector  development  has  started  at  the  APS.    –  Tes=ng  infrastructure  (cryo,  electronics,  analysis  so7ware)  is  complete.    –  Now  focusing  on  device  fabrica=on  and  itera=ng  on  designs    

§  MKIDs  are  a  path  towards  high  count  rates  and  higher  solid  angle  coverage.    –  Has  the  poten=al  to  provide  a  very  unique  capability  (detector/instrument).  –  Can  impact  x-­‐ray  spectroscopy  and  diffrac=on.    

§  MKIDs  are  a  rela=vely  young  technology  and  there  is  room  for  improvements.