SUPER-LNG overview and guidelines for LNG port Safety

Olga Aneziris

NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”, Athens, Greece

15th October 2019

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SUPER-LNG - SUstainability PERformance of LNG-based maritime mobility

Outline• Introduction

• SUPER-LNG Overview

• Gap Analysis

• Network of experts

• Guidelines

• Training courses

• Conclusions

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Ref: http://www.seatrade-maritime.comTruck-to-ship LNG Bunkering at the port of Antwerp

Ref: https://gcaptain.comShip-to-Ship LNG Bunkering at the port of Gothenburg

Sustainability PERformance of LNG-based maritime mobility (SUPER-LNG)• Environmental pressure in port areas is high and Liquefied

Natural Gas is proposed as a low-carbon clean fuel for marinetransport in port areas.

• Distribution networks and port infrastructures for the bunkeringof LNG-powered ships requires technologies and solutionsassuring a high level of safety in touristic areas of the Adriaticand Ionian sea. The project aims at providing a uniformframework to support the implementation of technical systemsfor the distribution and supply of LNG in port areas.

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SUPER-LNG partners

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NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”, GRUniversity of Bologna, ITInstitute Jozef Stefan, SIPiraeus Port Authority, GRPartas Port Authority, GRSouthern Adriatic Sea Bari Port, ITDepartment National Fire Corps, ITSarajevo Region Development, BAPort of Bar, MELuka Koper Port, SISea port of Shengjin, ALMinistry of Infrastructure, SIFondazione Flaminia, IT

Ship to Shore LNG Bunkering

Ref: http://www.emsa.europa.eu/

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Overview of RegulationsHigh level Regulations

•International

•European Union

Standards

•ISO Standards

•CEN Standards

•NFPA Standards

Class Regulations

•IACS

•Classifications

Guidelines

•SGMF

•SIGTTO

•OCIMF

•OGP

Port Regulations

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High Level Regulations

International

• International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS, 2009)

• International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases (IGF, 2015)

• International Code for the construction and equipment of shipscarrying Liquefied Gases in bulk (IGC Code, 2014)

European

• Seveso III Directive (2012)

• ADR Agreement – International Carriage of Dangerous Goods byRoad (2017)

7Ref: http://www.emsa.europa.eu/

High Level Regulations cont’d

SOLAS Convention (2009)

- SOLAS is a set of international regulations first released in 1914, in consequence to the Titanic disaster.

- Today SOLAS regulates basic safety aspects for ships on international voyages such as construction, fire protection and lifesaving appliances, carriage of cargoes, oil fuel, dangerous goods and safety measures

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Bunker ship

Receiving ship

Ref: http://www.coherentchronicle.com

High Level Regulations cont’d

IGF Code (2015)

- Consists an international standard for ships using LNG as fuel.

- Provides mandatory provisions for the arrangement, installation, control and monitoring of machinery, fuel containment system, equipment and systems to minimize the risk to the receiving ship, its crew and the environment.

Ref: http://www.coherentchronicle.com

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Bunker ship

Receiving ship

High Level Regulations cont’d

IGC Code (2014)

- Consists an international standard for ships carrying LNG as cargo.

- Is mainly for the construction and equipment requirements for LNG carriers.

- Provides requirements for gas bunker ships.

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Bunker ship

Receiving ship

Ref: http://www.coherentchronicle.com

High Level Regulations cont’d

Seveso III- Directive (2012)

- Includes rules for the prevention of major accidents which involve dangerous substances, and the limitation of their consequences for human health and the environment.

- Requires a safety management system and emergency plan.

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Ref: http://www.emsa.europa.eu/

Ref: https://gcaptain.comHarvey Gulf’s LNG fueling facility at Port Fourchon

High Level Regulations cont’d

ADR International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road(2017)

- Contains packaging, labelling, of hazardous materials and construction, equipment and operation of cargo tank

- Includes operations in loading – unloading of LNG

12Ref: http://www.emsa.europa.eu/ Ref: https://www.portofhelsinki.fi

Truck-to-ship LNG bunkering at the Port of Helsinki

Standards

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NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).

ISO 20519 Ships and marine technology -Specification for bunkering of liquefied natural gas fuelled vesselsISO/TS 18683 Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to shipsISO/TS 16901 Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installations including the ship/shore interfaceISO/TS 28460 Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas -- Ship-to-shore interface and port operations

EN 1473 Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas. Design of onshore installations.

Class Regulations

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International Association of Classification Societies – REC 142

LNG BUNKERING GUIDELINES

o Bunkering methodso The responsibility of different parties involved in the LNG

transfero Technical requirements for bunkering systemso Risk assessment on bunkering operationso Functional and General Requirements for LNG bunkering

operationso Guidance on HAZID and HAZOP for LNG bunkering

operations

Guidelines

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Society for Gas as Marine Fuel

• Bunkering safety guidelines to ensure that LNG-fueled ships are re-fueled with the highest levels of safety, integrity and reliability (2017)

• Gas as a marine fuel. Recommendation of Controlled zones during LNG bunkering (2018) – Provides examples of calculating zones

LNG Bunkering Reports

✓ Guidance on LNG bunkering to port authorities and administrations (EMSA, 2018)

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✓ Considerations for proponents when conducting QRA for LNG bunkering SIMOPS (API PP142228-2 REV. 3)

✓ Bunkering of Liquefied natural gas-fueled marine vessels in north America (ABS, 2015)

Comparative Analysis

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Tanks: SEVESO III, EN 1473, NFPA 59A

Truck-vehicle: ADR, NFPA 59A

Bunker ship: IGC code, ISO 20519, ISO 28460

Bunkering: SEVESO III, ISO 18683, ISO 16901

ISO 20519, ISO 28460

Receiving ship: IGF code

Risk assessment: SEVESO III, ISO 18683

ISO 16901, ISO 20519, EN1473, NFPA 59A

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Number of Documents

National Level Regulations

Greece• ΠΔ. 64/2019 – ΦΕΚ 103/Α/20-6-2019

• IMO regulations

• Seveso III

• ADR 2017

In advisory level: ISO, OCIMF, SIGTTO, GIIGNL, SGMF,IACS,& EMSA guidelines

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Italy• IMO regulations

• Seveso III

• EN 1473

• NFPA 59A

Slovenia• IMO regulations

• Seveso III

• ADR 2017

Literature data

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2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Nu

mb

er

of

pap

ers

Distribution of literature in 2008-2018 RESEARCH AREAS• LNG bunkering operations (7 docs)

• Small scale LNG facilities (2 docs)

• LNG at ports combined with the supply network (2 docs)

• Consequence assessment of LNG releases at ports (3 docs)

• Risk assessment for LNG storage and bunkering at ports (5 docs)

Identified Gaps

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• Lack of harmonization of LNG safety regulations both at sea and on the land, for all LNG operations at ports namely, ship-fuelling, bunkering and LNG land facilities

• Lack of harmonization for LNG safety regulations within various countries across the world

• Lack of knowledge for estimating safety and hazardous zones during storage and bunkering of LNG, under various conditions

Network of experts in the area of safety, security and training of LNG port authorities

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• 15 members of the network from the following organisations:• DESFA S.A., National Natural Gas System Operator, Greece

• PUBLIC GAS CORPORATION OF GREECE (DEPA) S.A

• TERNA S.A.

• Hellenic Lloyd's S.A.

• PRONAV Ship Management GmbH & Co. KG

• Rina Consulting S.p.A.

• National Technical University of Athens

• University of the Aegean

• BAM Unversiteit Leiden

• Ecole des Mines d'Alès

• UPC - Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya

Survey among member of the network on LNG safety at ports

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• How widespread is the use of LNG as a marine fuel in Europe?

• What are the prospects of using LNG as a marine fuel in thefollowing areas: Northern Europe, Central Europe, SouthernEurope, USA, Asia?

• Which are the major ports for LNG bunkering worldwide?

• Which are the major EU ports for LNG bunkering?

• Is there a need for new port installations using LNG as a fuel?Which are these?

• What are the main causes of accidents occurring during LNGbunkering in ports?

• Please note which regulations apply in your country

Survey on LNG safety at ports

Questions on “Ports for LNG bunkering ”

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EU: Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Goteborg, Stockholm, Turku, Zeebruge, Tenerife, BarcelonaUSA: Jacksonville, Fourchon, Panama Canada: Vancouver, MontrealAsia: Singapore, Jebel Ali, Kochi, Zhoushan

52%

11%

11%

26%

EXPERTS’ REPLIES

EU

USA

Canada

Asia

Survey on LNG safety at ports

Questions on “Ports for LNG bunkering ”

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GreeceNeed for small scale LNG infrastructure.GermanyThere are available installations for ship to ship LNG bunkering and also a LNG terminal wheretrucks are used for the truck to ship bunkering.There is need for a birth terminal for ship to ship bunkering. Moreover, new installation consistedof LNG truck safe approach to the vessel, loading platform that truck is using, loading arms orflexible piping connecting truck and the vessel. Related fire-fighting equipment must also beinstalled at such platform.ItalyThere is need for LNG storage and handling systems.

SUPER-LNG GUIDELINES

• Guidelines for Safety Reporting

• Guidelines for Evaluation of Safety Reporting

• Guidelines for Emergency Planning (presentation by F. Pilo)

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Structure of Guidelines for Safety Reporting

Description of the Establishment and

Environment

Hazard Identification and Risk assessment

Safety Management System

Major Accident Prevention Policy

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Based on SEVESO Directive requirements for reporting

MAJOR STEPS FOR QRA

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➢Decomposition of port in areas where HAZOP orMLD may be applied

➢Areas of the port

• Hose-loading arm• Ship receiving LNG• Buffer ship• Storage tanks

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION IN PORTS HANDLING LNG

➢Use of check lists from previous analyses or studiesof LNG accidents, for initiating event identification

➢Examples of accident databases (ARIA, MARS)

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION IN PORTS HANDLING LNG

INITIATING EVENTS IN A PORT HANDLING LNG

✓ LNG storage tank

• Boiloff removal malfunction, during unloading or storage

• Excess external heat in storage tank area

• Level rise beyond safety height, or overfilling

• Continuation of unloading beyond lower safety level

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✓ Loading arm section

• Excess external heat in jetty area

• Water hammer in loading arm, due to inadvertent valve closure

• Inadequate cooling of loading arm

• High winds during loading-unloading

✓ Truck

• Excess external heat

• Level rise beyond safety height

• Extra load on hose

SAFETY SYSTEMS

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SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR INITIATING EVENT:Level rise beyond safety limit

➢Manual stop of Loading

➢Emergency Shutdown System (ESD)

➢Pressure Safety Valves (PSV)

ACCIDENT SEQUENCE MODELING

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FAULT TREESHUMAN PRFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Plant damage states

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Definition

• A plant damage state uniquelycharacterizes the installation-dependent conditions of releaseof the hazardous substance.

Damage states

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LNG Storage Tank• Tank rupture owing to overpressure, overfilling

Loading arm- Unloading section• Pipe rupture• Hose rupture

Truck• Truck rupture

Buffer Ship• Buffer ship rupture

Fuelled Ship• Tank rupture owing to overpressure, overfilling

FREQUENCY ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE STATESEVENT TREE QUANTIFICATION

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10-1/y

10-3

1.55 10-2

10-2

1.55 10-7/y

Consequence assessment means to evaluate the spatial and temporaldistribution of:

Pressure and impulse after explosion Heat radiation after fire Fragments after explosion Concentration if no ignition (dispersion analysis)

Environmental pollution is not taken into account (non-acute accident)

Deaths Burn Deaths from Flash FireBurn Deaths from Pool BurningDeaths from Lung HaemorrhageDeaths from ImpactDeaths from Toxic Release

Injuries Eardrum RupturesInjuries from ImpactInjuries from Flying FragmentsInjuries from Toxic Release

Damage Structural DamageGlass BreakageDamage Due to Fire

CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

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CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

PLANT DAMAGE STATE TYPE OF RELEASE PHYSICAL

PHENOMENON

1. POOLFIRE

2. FLASH FIRE

3. EXPLOSION

4. SAFE

TANK RUPTURE

IMMEDIATE IGNITION

DISPERSION

DELAYED

IGN.

RADIATION kW/m2

OVERPRESSURE Pa

ESTIMATION OF

HEAT RADIATION

AND

OVERPRESSURE

NO IGNITION

RADIATION kW/m2

CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT

• DOSE ASSESSMENT: The integrated, over time, exposure of an individual to the extreme phenomenon generated by the flammable material is calculated. This defines the “dose” an individual receives. Any emergency response plans or other mitigations action are taken into account at this point.

• Consequence Assessment: Appropriate dose/response models receiving as input the dose of heat radiation or overpressure calculate the probability of fatality or injury of the individual receiving the dose.

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INDIVIDUAL RISK CONTOURS

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Safety Management SystemMajor Accident Prevention Policy

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• SMS proportionate to the hazards and activities. Should include organisationalstructure, responsibilities, practices, procedures and resources for implementing the Major Accident Prevention Policy

• Organisation and personnel – involved in the management of major hazards• Procedures for identifying major hazards• Procedures for safe operation, including maintenance, alarm management and

stoppages• Management of change (modifications)• Planning of emergencies• Monitoring performance• Audit and review

Training and educational structure for LNGsafety and security

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•Objectives for the training framework

• Target groups

• Training Courses and material

• Training events

Conclusions

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• Review on legislation, standards and guidelines regarding safety for LNG at ports.

• Literature review on scientific papers for safety at ports storing LNG.

• Identified Gaps regarding legislation and scientific knowledge.

• Main Deliverables

• Expert Network establishment in the area of safety, security and training for LNG maritime activities

• Guidelines for Safety Reporting and safety reporting evaluation

• Guidelines for Emergency Planning

• Training and educational framework - courses

superlng.adrioninterreg.eu

Thanks for your attention

Olga Aneziris: olga@ipta.demokritos.gr

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