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BY SRIDURGA08761A0351
Super critical power
plant
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contents Introduction Critical condition Super critical parameters Necessity Comparison of sub critical and super
critical plants Types of boilers Drum type boiler Once through boiler Advantages of once through Conclusion
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What is super critical power plant???
The power plant which operates above the critical condition is a ”SUPER CRITICAL POWER PLANT”
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Definition of critical Condition
CRITICAL CONDITION IS THERMODYNAMIC
EXPRESSION DESCRIBING THE STATE OF A
SUBSTANCE BEYOND WHICH THERE IS NO
CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE LIQUID
AND GASEOUS PHASE.
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WHY ADVANCED SUPERCRITICAL?
• Efficiency of the Rankine Cycleincreases with increasing Turbine inletTemperature and Pressure
• Cycle efficiency of typical sub-criticalplant is 38% whereas today’ssupercritical technology increases thisto around 45-47%
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Sub-Critical vs Super Critical
Description Sub Critical Super Critical
Full Load Pressure <190 atm >240 atm
Flow in Water wall 2-Phase 1-Phase
Cycle efficiency Base + 2 - 3 % Approx
Fuel saving Base +8 - 10 % Approx
Boiler weight Base + 10 %
Stages of reheat 1 2 Preferred
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Types of boilers
Drum type
Once-through type
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Design Types
NATURAL
STEAM DRUM
FURNACEWALLS
ECON.
CONTROLLED
TO SUPERHEATER
CIRC.PUMP
SEPARATOR
CIRC.PUMP
ECON.
DISTRIB.HEADER
ONCE THROUGH
• Natural circulation - well suited for < 175 kg/cm2 • Controlled circulation - optimum solution for reliable high-pressure subcritical operation• Once-through technology
• Suitable for sub and supercritical cycles
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Super Critical Boilers
Drum type boiler
Natural Circulation Boiler Circulation through water walls by thermo-siphon effect
Controlled Circulation Boiler At higher operating pressures (just below critical pressure levels), thermo-siphon effect supplemented by pumps to ensure
safety of furnace wall tubes.
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Super Critical Boilers
Drum type boiler
Steam generation essentially takes place in furnace water walls
Fixed evaporation end point - the drum
Steam -water separation takes place in the drum
Separated water mixed with incoming feed water and fed back to water wall lower drum by means of boiler water circulating pumps (BWCPs).
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Super Critical Boilers
Once Through Boiler-Concept
Once through system
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Super Critical Boilers
Once Through Boiler
Once -through forced flow through all sections of boiler (economizer, water walls & super heater)
Feed pump provides the driving head Suitable for sub critical & super
critical pressures
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Once-thru Boiler
Major differences from Drum type boiler :
Evaporator system Low load circulation system Separator
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Once - thru Boiler
Low load circulation system :
The excess flow over the once-thru flow separated in separator .
Recirculated back to the boiler directly by the dedicated circulating pump.
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LOW LOAD SYSTEM WITH CIRCIRCULATION PUMP
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Once -thru Boiler
Separator : Separates steam and water
during the circulating mode operation
Runs dry in once through flow mode.
Smaller in size compared to drum in a drum type boiler
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Once -through Boiler
Advantages :-
Better suited for sliding pressure
operation
Steam temperature can be
maintained over wider load range
under sliding pressure
Conservation of fuel resources.
Shorter start up time
Improvement in Efficiency
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conclusion
Super critical power plants are the effi cient plants to produce greater out put although it has some drawbacks ….
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Thank You