Suniel Kumar- Smart Cities and Water Management

IoT & Smart CitiesSMART WATER MANAGEMENT

The Concept of ‘Smart City’

Smart City Opportunity

Smart Water Management Systems

Understanding Architectural Elements

Sensor Nodes

Microcontroller Platforms

Wireless Technologies

Extending the Concepts to Other IoT Use Cases

AGENDA

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The Concept of ‘Smart City’


Our World

World Population : 7.395 Billion( U.N Statistics)

World Urban Population54% - 2014

Forecast :70% by 2050

Highest ever migration from Rural to Urban in History of Mankind ??

…….What Happens?

Increased Demand for Infrastructure & Services Growing Economy, Job Opportunities Spending power - Comforts - Life Style

But …It also creates Imbalance…

Population Growth in Cities Demand for Natural Resources Increases Tremendously Pollution Effects – Air, Water, Lands Social Imbalance Depleting Forests Natural Imbalance Calamities

Solution?…. Focus the Cities!

Focus on Cities - Forecasted 70% of World population in 2050 ( U.N.) Growing Population – Increased demands – Limited Resources Find Solutions to meet the demandsManage Resources – Infrasturcture - Services SMARTER

Defining a Smart City

‘Smart City’ – Making Cities Better & More Liveable

No Single Definition

Key Aspects : Adoption of Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) Implementation that will Impact to create a positive Social, Economical, Environmental & Cultural benefits

Smart City – Some Definitions

‘

Frost & Sullivan 2014: "We identified eight key aspects that define a Smart City: smart governance, smart energy, smart building, smart mobility, smart infrastructure, smart technology, smart healthcare and smart citizen

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Smart Cities: "A smart city brings together technology, government and society to enable the following characteristics: smart cities, a smart economy, smart mobility, a smart environment, smart people, smart living, smart governance

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills,UK 2013: "The concept is not static, there is no absolute definition of a smart city, no end point, but rather a process, or series of steps, by which cities become more 'liveable' and resilient and, hence, able to respond quicker to new challenges

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_&_Sullivan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills

Smart Cities Opportunity

Smart City Projects are being initiated across the world. Governments are leading the initiatives. And Private players are being given a huge opportunity to contribute.

The mission goals vary from Continent to Continent, country to country and even further at State & City levels.

Smart Cities : $1.5 Trillion Opportunity

Smart City Opportunity


Smart City - Dimensions

Smart City

Smart City - Dimensions

Internet of Things (IoT)

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A Typical connected ‘Thing’


Factors accelerating IoT

• Electronics Trends – Sensors, Wireless, Microcontrollers

• Cloud Computing , Big Data Technologies

• Mobile Apps, Smart Phone penetration

• Urgency for Smart Resource & Energy Management

• Need for better Productivity – Efficiency


A Typical connected ‘Thing’


MCU prices dropping


Falling Sensor prices


Cloud Computing, Big Data, Mobile


IoT Applications


Smart Infrastructure – Homes


Smart Homes


Green Buildings


Smart Cities


Smart Mobility


Smart living – Health -Safety


Industrial Automation

Industry 4.0All Rights Reserved – Nexiot 2015

Smart City & Internet of Things


IoT – Smart Cities


Water !

IoT Architectural Elements


IoT Architectural Elements

END NODES

SensorsMicrocontroller

Actuators

GATEWAYMicrocontroller

PropagationIP

INTEGRATORData Management

CloudAnalytics

Mobile Apps

COMMUNICATIONS


Water Network

Smart Metering


Water Management - End Nodes

End Nodes : Bulk Flow Meters

End Sensor Nodes – ‘DATA’

End Sensor Node


Microcontroller Options

43

Atmel ST Micro Intel

NXP

Texas Instruments Cypress


Criteria for choosing a Microcontroller

1. Maximum speed of the microcontroller

2. Amount of RAM and ROM on chip

3. Ease to upgrade to higher upgrade or lower consumption versions?

4. Cost - Availability

5. Number of I/O pins and timer on the chip?


Sensors


What are Sensors?

A device for sensing a physical variable

of a physical system or an environment


Passive

Doesn’t need any additional energy source

Directly generate an electric signal in response to an external stimuli

E.g. Thermocouple, photodiode, Piezoelectric sensor

Active

Require external power called excitation signal

Sensor modify excitation signal to provide output

E.g. thermistor, resistive strain gauge

Type of Sensors


Some Common Sensors


Motion Sensors

• Accelerometer

• Gyroscope– Measure rotational angle

measure the rate of rotation

along 3-axes of X (pitch), Y (roll), and Z (yaw).

• Compass


Water Management- Flow Sensor


Flow Sensor - Ultrasonic


Flow Sensor – ElectroMagnetic


Specifications of Sensor

• Accuracy: Error between the result of a measurement and the true value being measured.

• Resolution: the smallest increment of measure that a device can make.

• Sensitivity: the ratio between the change in the output signal to a small change in input physical signal. Slope of the input-output fit line.

• Repeatability/Precision: the ability of the sensor to output the same value for the same input over a number of trials


Attributes of Sensors• Operating Principle: Embedded technologies that make sensors function,

such as electro-optics, electromagnetic, piezoelectricity, active and passive

ultraviolet.

• Dimension of Variables: The number of dimensions of physical variables.

• Size: The physical volume of sensors.

• Data Format: The measuring feature of data in time; continuous or

discrete/analog or digital.

• Intelligence: Capabilities of on-board data processing and decision-

making.

• Active versus Passive Sensors: Capability of generating vs. just receiving

signals.

• Physical Contact: The way sensors observe the disturbance in

environment.

• Environmental durability: will the sensor robust enough for its operation

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Connectivity Technologies


Wireless Technologies• Short Range Wireless

- Bluetooth Classic

- Bluetooth Low Energy

- WiFi

- Zigbee

- IR

- NFC


Wireless Technologies• Long Range Wireless

- GSM / GPRS- 3G / 4G

- LTE ( Long Term Evolution)

- LoRa ( Long Range)

- SigFox


Key Factors for Wireless Design• Frequency allocations• Data Rates • Range• Power Consumption • No. of Communication Nodes• Supported Topology• Cost• Multiple Access mechanism- # of Channels-Interference• Signals encoding-Security• Implementation Complexity - Protocol Stack • Modulation• Hardware Availability



LTE , LoRa, SigFox


Integrated Smart Utility Systems

Cloud Platforms


Mobile Apps bile Apps


Data Analytics


Integrated Smart Systems


Thank You!


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Suniel Kumar- Smart Cities and Water Management

Devices & Hardware

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