Sun Protection Products: Facts and Fiction
Transcript of Sun Protection Products: Facts and Fiction
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Sonnenschutzprodukte
Fakten und Fiktion
Uli Osterwalder,
Ciba Inc.,
Basel, Switzerland.
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Conflict of interest
Full time employee of Ciba,Inc., Basel
TINOSORB
M and TINOSORB
SUV filters are manufactured by Ciba
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens
The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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Evolution of modern human skin photo types(Ke et al, Science 2001)
1492+
1770+
SPF 13
SPF 1
Vit. D3
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens
The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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History of Sunscreens
Sunscreens were NOTprimarily invented:
to prevent skin cancer
to prevent photo aging
to preserve fair Asian skin.
Sunscreens were invented
to tan without sunburn.
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History of Sunscreens
Sunscreens are very efficient
in preventing sunburn
(Courtesy Ch. Surber/SPIRIG)
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Sun Behaviour in the West
USA 1959 USA 2004
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0
1
290 310 330 350 370 390
/ nm
EA(),SI()
/arbitraryun
its
Erythemal Action Spectrum
Standard Sun Spectrum
Erythemal Effectiveness
UVB UVA
Basics of UV Protection
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Plead for Spectral HomeostasisWe do not yet know the importanceof UVA with regard tophotoaging...and...skin cancer... . Itwould seem prudent, therefore, toencourage the development ofsunscreens which absorb more or
less uniformly throughout the UVspectrum.
Diffey, San Antonio, TX 1991
290 400320
Spectral Homeostasis = Neutral density filter
= Uniform UVB and UVA protection
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Sun avoidance and covering up
Sun Behaviour in the East
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Textiles provide uniform protection
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Textiles provide uniform protection
UV visible
White with optical brightener absorbs more UVA than UVB
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Natrlicher Schutz /
Knstlicher Schutz
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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The ideal sunscreen
Protects against UVB and UVA
Does reduce the quantity of the UV
radiation
Does not change the quality of the UVradiation that hits the skin
The sun and UV radiationare not the problem;
too much of them is the problemGavin Greenoak
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Evolution of Sunscreens
1. UVB sunscreens ideally
suited for tanning.
2. Better UVA protection
required.
3. Spectral homeostasis as
the ultimate goal.
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CREATING THE VISION OF
THE IDEAL SUNSCREEN
Uniform protection,how can be achieved?
THE LONG WAY BACK TO
UNIFORM UV PROTECTION
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection
Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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4 Requirements for good UV protection
1. Sunscreen Technology
2. Measurement Method
3. Protection Standard
4. Compliance
UVAI/UV=0.51
Amount, Uniformity ofsunscreen application
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4 Requirements for good UV protection
1. Sunscreen Technology
2. Measurement Method
3. Protection Standard
4. Compliance
UVAI/UV=0.51
Amount, Uniformity ofsunscreen application
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European State of the Art 2005
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
290 310 330 350 370 390
Wavelength / nm
E(1,1
)
BEMT
MBBT
DPDT
DHHB
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
290 310 330 350 370 390
Wavelength / nm
E(1,1
)
BMDBM
DTS
TDSA
ZnO (Nanox)
ZnO
Situation before Year 2000 New UV-A and
Broad-Spectrum Filters
Since Year 2000
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3 % TiO2, 8 % EHMC, 6 % ZnO, 4 % MBC (T21%) EHT 1.5 %, OCR 2 %, BEMT 2 %, MBBT 4 %, BMBM 3% (T12.5 %)
Sunscreen Spectrum (SPF 30, AUS UVA)calculated on www.ciba.com/sunscreen-simulator
Yesterday (UVA-Balance 12%) Today (UVA-Balance 84%)
Extinction
Extinction
Transmission%
T
ransmissio
n%
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SPF 30 Sunscreen Yesterday and Today
Yesterday (UVA-Balance 12%) Today (UVA-Balance 84%)
Extinction%
Extinction%
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Product Innovation in Europe (UK, 2004)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
290 310 330 350 370 390
Wavelength / nm
Extinction
Insoluble Filter System
- Zinc oxide
- Titanium dioxide,- Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl
Tetramethylbutylphenol
(Bisoctrizole, TINOSORB
M)
Five Stars
Baby Sun Care SPF 50+ ULTRA
0.0
0.5
1.0
290 310 330 350 370 390
Wavelength / nm
TransmissionIn silico
Extinction Transmission
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Safety dossier of a newsunscreen actives (Nohinek, 2001) Acute oral and dermal toxicity
Dermal, ocular irritation, skin sensitization
Photo-irritation, photo-sensitization
Subchronic oral and topical toxicity
Chronic toxicity Fertility, early embryonic development
Embryofetal toxicity and peri-/post-natal toxicity
In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption
Topical and oral pharmacokinetic and metabolism
In vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity
Carcinogenicity
Photo-carcinogenicity
EuropeanA
pprova
l29Feb
2000:
Thetox
icologicalt
estresu
ltsindic
ate
noadve
rseeffe
ctsforhuman
use
(SCCNFP
Opinio
n,17Fe
b1999).
USRegistrat
ionspe
cial(ma
jorstudies)
:
Lifetim
edermalc
ancers
tudyon
rats
1year
photo(c
o)carcinogenic
itystud
yonmice
9month
srepea
tedder
maldosingi
nminip
igsExtra
Study:Lack
ofHorm
one
Activity
(Ashbyetal,
2001).
TINOSORB M and TINOSORB S
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Trend towards higher molecular weight
UV absorbers
0
250
500
750
1000
S1 S13 S28 S38 S60 S66 S69 S71 S73 S74 S78 S79 S80 S81 S83
COLIPA order number
Molecularweightin(Da
Figure 13 Trend towards higher molecular weight UV FiltersThe 500 Dalton Rule a common denominator in the development of UV Absorbers
#S1S13S28
S38S60
S69S74S78
UVB/UVA-II FiltersAminobenzoic Acid (PABA)Ethylhexyl SalicylateEthylhexylMethoxycinnamateBenzophenone-34-MethylbenzylideneCamphorEthylhexyltriazonePolysilicone-15Diethylhexyl ButamidoTriazone
#S66S71S73S79
S80
S81
S83
UVA-I/broad-spectrum UV FiltersButyl MethoxydibenzoylmethaneTerephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic AcidDrometrizole TrisiloxaneMethylene Bis-BenzotriazolylTetramethylbutylphenolDisodium Phenyl DibenzimidazoleTetrasulfonateBis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazineDiethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl HexylBenzoate
500 Dalton
> 2000< 2000
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The 500 Dalton Rule a common denominator
500 Dalton rule
for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs:restrict the development of new innovative compounds, to
molecular weight of under 500 Dalton, when topicaldermatological therapy or percutaneous systemic therapy orvaccination is the objective.
Bos JD, Meinardi MM: Exp Dermatol 9(3):165-169 2000
500 Dalton rule for the development of sunscreen actives:
restrict the development of new innovative compounds, to
molecular weight of over 500 Dalton,when sunscreen actives are the objective.
In Analogy:
The 500 Dalton rule does NOT replace the safety assessment!
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection
Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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Fictions and Facts IFiction
SPF 30 does not offer
double the protection of
an SPF 15
Higher SPF numbers
block only a tiny
percentage more of those
UVB rays.
FACT
Wrong
Erythema is (by
definition) reached when
double the dose of solar
simulated UVR is applied
Not the amount blocked,
but what is passing ontothe skin matters
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Conventional view of sunscreens
Draelos, 2006
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More relevant view of sunscreens
It th UV di ti th t
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Its the UV radiation that
hits the skin that matters
SPF 50 is 5 times better than SPF 10,
not just 8% better as traditional view suggests (98-90%)
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Dynamic view of sunscreens
AS/NZS 2604: 1993
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Fictions and Facts IIFiction
SPF only blocks UVB
rays
FACT
Wrong
Erythema is also
caused by UVAradiation (see action
spectrum)
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Action Spectra of UV Radation
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Fictions and Facts IIIFiction
Mineral UV filters
TiO2 and ZnO are
blockers that reflectonly
FACT
Wrong
Also TiO2 and ZnO
absorb > 90% of theUV radiation because
they are micronized
Large particles wouldreflect (e.g. Wall paint)
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Fictions and Facts IVFiction
Sunscreens do not
protect against skin
cancer (SC)
FACT
Very few clinical
studies
Preventative effect onSSC and AK
Evidence that modern
sunscreens may alsoprevent melanoma
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Fictions and Facts VFiction
Mineral Filters are
natural and safer than
chemical filters
FACT
All registered UV
filters are chemicals
Molecular (soluble)and Particulate
(insoluble) UV Filters
are often combinedsynergistically
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection
Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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Damage by UV Radiation
CourtesyCh.Surber/SPIRIG
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Action Spectra of UV Radation
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Courtesy
Ch.Surber/SPIRIG
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Prevention of Actinic Keratoses
Ulrich C et al, Charit Berlin
Prevention of UV-induced infectious and malignant skin diseases in organ transplant
patients by regular use of a liposomal sunscreen
L LiverN Kidney
H Heart
efficacy data from
an open,
non-randomized,
case control
study in OTR
treated with avery high
protection class
(UVA+UVB)
liposomal sunscreen
(Tinosorb M,Tinosorb S and
others; Spirig
Pharma Ltd.,
Switzerland).
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection
Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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Prevention of of BSC and Melanoma?
W l th t ib ti f Ski C
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Wavelengths contribution of Skin Cancer
Lund, Timmins, 2007
W l th t ib ti f
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Wavelengths contribution of
Immunosuppression
Halliday, ASP2008
Sunbeds beauty and melanoma
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Sunbeds, beauty and melanoma
Diffey B, BJD 2007 157, pp215-216
Acceleration only among young women
Introduction
of sunbeds
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Diffey BL, British Journal of Dermatology 2005 153, pp 378-381
Suncreens and Melanoma:
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Suncreens and Melanoma:
The future looks brightDiffey BL, British Journal of Dermatology 2005 153, pp 378-381
Spectrum pre-1990 Spectrum after 2000
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Evolution of Sunscreens1. UVB sunscreens ideally
suited for tanning.2. Better UVA protection
required.
3. Spectral homeostasis asthe ultimate goal.
290 400320 290 400320
290 400320
Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
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Sonnenschutzprodukte (Sunscreens)
Fakten und Fiktion
Evolution of Human Skin Photo Types
History of Sunscreens The Ideal Sunscreen
Four Requirements for Good UV Protection
Fictions and Facts
Sunscreens and Skin Cancer
Sunscreens and Melanoma Conclusion
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Conclusion Sunscreens evolve towards uniform
protection; beyond sunburn protection SPF and UVA measure are required to
assess sunscreens
Besides Technology and Standards,
COMPLIANCE is key.
Modern sunscreens can help preventingskin cancer (due to uniform UVB/UVA
protection)
Current issues with sunscreens
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Current issues with sunscreens
(not discussed) Nanotechnology
Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide
Hormone Activity
Estrogen-like effect of some UV filters
Vitamin D
Fear of overprotection by sunscreen
UVA issue lawsuit against 5 sunscreen manufacturers
Dosis sola facit venenum!
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Dosis sola facit venenum!
(only the dose makes the poison)
Paracelsus, 1493 -1541
City doctor in Basel,
Switzerland 1527-28Town-Hall, Basel (2006)