Summer University courses: economic impact, economic perspectives
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Summer University courses: economic impact, economic perspectives
Global Events Congress IVLeeds, July 2010
Eva MartínJordi Sardà
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Outline
•Introduction
•Business tourism and economic cycle
•Events organized by UdL
•Methodology
•Economic impact
•Conclusions
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Economic impact by event organization
Extensive literature on impact achieved by event organization
Literature on economic impact generated by ordinary activity at universities
No studies focussing on the big significance of events organized by universities
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Year 200818,790 meetings
770.942 attendants in 19953.356.432 attendants in 2008
—Spain Convention Bureau
Event and economic cycle
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Direct economic impact4,560 billion euro
0.42% Spain’s GDP
—Spain Convention Bureau
Event and economic cycle
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Event and economic cycle
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Meetings Participants GDP
Number of meetings and participants and GDP real (1999 = 100)
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Event and economic cycle
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Meetings Participants GDP
Number of meetings and participants and GDP real. Variation rates.
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Attendance at events is independent of the economic
cycle
Tourism business events a priori is not affected by crises
Event and economic cycle
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Number of meetingsQuarterly distribution
Quarter 1 22%
Quarter 2 36%Quarter 3 15%
Quarter 4 28%
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Main period
•Autum and Spring
•Key role in helping to the deseasonalisation of tourism
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The average expenditure of a business tourist is 3.2 times
higher than a traditional tourist
—IET
Event and economic cycle
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Number of meetingsSectoral distribution
Medical / Health 21%
Economic / Commerce 20%
Cultural 8%Universities 8%
Technology 8%
Public 7%
Scientific 6%
Others 22%
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University of Lleida (UdL)
•Medium-small size university
•About 8,000 students in seven faculties
•Located in northeastern Spain
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Para ver esta película, debedisponer de QuickTime™ y de
un descompresor .
LleidaLleida
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University of Lleida (UdL)
Founded year 1300
Created on 12th Desember 1991
7 faculties in 4 campusMore than 50 grades and master
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Summer University
Since 1993Opened to university students and to the societyFar from the headquarters of the UniversityDuring 2009, 39 courses16 courses held in la Seu d’Urgell during 2 weeks385 attendats and 63 teachers
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Summer University
33% students of the own University
7% from other spanish universities
60% from professional field
71% province of Lleida
12% Catalonia
Other points of Spain and Europe
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Teachers and students answered a questionnaire
on the distribution and amount of their expenses during their stay in the
summer courses
Research process
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385 students, 344 (the 89.35%) answered the survey
108 came from the area, were not taken into account as generators of economic impact
Sample
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63 teachers, 38 (the 60.3%) answered the survey
About 32% of these teaching staff brought their families and their expenses were also included
Sample
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Expenditure distribution
Organization
and Professors
Students Total
Commerce 3,550.00 € 9,968.29 €13,518.29
€
Hospitality 37,995.70 €57,091.49
€95,087.19
€
Transports 2,815.20 € 0.00 € 2,815.20 €
Entrepreneurial Services
937.20 € 1,660.94 € 2,598.14 €
Total 45,298.10 €68,720.72
€114,018.8
2 €
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Input Output Methodology
Measure the capacity of generating benefits by the organization of an event
Economic Impact
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Input Output Methodology
X = (I – A)-1 * Y
Total = Total * FinalOutput Requirements Demand
X is the production vector of the economy, I is the identity matrix, A is the matrix of technical coefficients, Y is the total final demand vector of the economy and (I – A)-1 is the Leontief inverse matrix
ΔX = (I – A)-1 * ΔY
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Sectors receiving investment
Sectors receiving investment
InvestmentInvestment
Direct EffectDirect Effect InputsDemandInputs
Demand
Target sectorsOf inputs demandTarget sectors
Of inputs demand
Indirect EffectIndirect Effect
Total EffectTotal Effect
EmploymentEmployment
ConsumptionConsumption
Sectors productionSectors
production
Induced effectInduced effect
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Economic Impact Sectoral
distribution
Agriculture 1%
Minerals 0%
Manufactures 14%
Energy 3% Construction 2%Commerce 13%
Hospitality 37%
Transports 6%Banks 3%
Entrepreneurial Services 16%
Education 1%
Sanitary 1%
Other services 3%
v
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Economic Impact
Production Multiplier
effectsDirect Effect 114,018.8 1.00Indirect Effect 50,080.5 0.44Induced Effect 140,056.4 1.23Total Effect 304,155.7 2.67
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Conclusions
Revitalization the tourism with visitors for academic and
professional purposes
They generate revenues in the city with its consumption
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Global impact in production is 2.67 times larger than the initial demand generated by UdL summer courses
3.4% of GDP at 2006 prices of the city during these fifteen days
Conclusions
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Conclusions
Social benefits: promotion of the city through the media that covers
the visit of personalities or bringing studies to a city where
there is no university.
Positive economic impact because it helps to increase tourism
revenues.
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Conclusions
Universities can use summer courses to advertise themselves through the news in the press
Summer courses can be used as test laboratories when planning new
future actions
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Conclusions
Finally, this paper may serve as a decision tool for city councils in
order to try to host summer courses in their city organized by any
University
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Summer University courses: economic impact, economic
perspectives
Global Events Congress IVLeeds, July 2010
Eva MartínThank you very much Jordi Sardà