Summer School on Sustainable Chemistry in International ... · Dichloromethane as paint stripper by...
Transcript of Summer School on Sustainable Chemistry in International ... · Dichloromethane as paint stripper by...
Substitution of hazardous chemicalsSUBSPORT – support in practice
Dr.-Ing. Isabella BanduchMario DobernowskyKoordinationsstelle Hamburg IFE GmbH
Dr. Roland WeberPOPs Environmental Consulting
Summer School on Sustainable Chemistry
in International Cooperation 12th September – 16th September 2016
at Leuphana University, Lüneburg
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 2
Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE
Substitution: Trends, topics and areas of regulation in the EU
Substitution Tool: SUBSPORT - Substitution support portal
Case studies
Assessment steps of alternatives
“POPs phase out” initiative as an entry point for global substitution
Content
Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE Former public research institute, specialized on Occupational
Safety & health (OSH) and chemicals, private from 01/2010 on.
Practical substitution projects (metal and printing industry, construction)
Major national and EU-wide background studies on chemical management
Developer of CLEANTOOL - a database for innovative metal surface cleaning in four languages (www.cleantool.org)
Developer and coordinator of SUBSPORT - an international substitution portal (www.subsport.eu)
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 3
There is no standard definition of substitution
”… the replacement or reduction of hazardous substances in products and processes by less hazardous or non-hazardous substances, or by achieving an equivalent functionality via technological or organisational measures.” - Lohse/Lissner (2003)
“The Principle of Substitution states that hazardous chemicals should be systematically substituted by less hazardous alternatives or preferably alternatives for which no hazards can be identified.” - Greenpeace
Substitution of chemicals: Definition
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 4
Substitution is “...the replacement of one substance by another with the aim of achieving a lower level of risk.” - CEFIC
1. The employer shall ensure that the risk from a hazardous chemical agent to the safety and health of workers at work is eliminated or reduced to a minimum. 2. In applying paragraph 1, substitution shall by preference be undertaken, whereby the employer shall avoid the use of a hazardous chemical agent by replacing it with a chemical agent or process which, under its condition of use, is not hazardous or less hazardous to workers' safety and health, as the case may be. – Directive 98/24/EC -risks related to chemical agents at work
Substitution of chemicals: Definition
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 5
Some examples of substitution Asbestos by bio-soluble mineral fibers
Nickel-cadmium batteries by lithium-ion batteries
Dichloromethane as paint stripper by esters
High volatile cleaner by low volatile cleaners
Laboratory solvent hexane by heptane
Lead-free soldering in the electronics industry
Lead, chromium, mercury & nickel in the automotive manufacturing
PFAS by less persistent chemicals in hydrophobing textiles
HBCDD by less persistent and toxic flame retardants
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 6
Why is substitution necessary?
Legal requirements (occupational safety, environmental
protection, consumer protection)
For more favorable safety measures - handling and storage
For more environmentally sound disposal
Requirements within the supply chain
Green and innovative image as a competitive advantage
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 7
Most areas of chemical regulation covered by EU- legislation between 1980 and 2005
REACH regulation: the largest and latest legislation (along with CLP regulation for "Classification, Labelling and Packaging")
Substitution of chemicals: Legislation
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 8
End-of-life vehicles Directives (e.g. restriction and prohibition of mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium VI)
RoHS Directive (Electronic and electric products, restriction of lead, mer-cury, cadmium, chromium VI, PBB and PBDEs)
WEEE Directive (Waste phase of electronic products, 12 Mio t in 2020 in the EU, recycling and collection targets)Categories: Large and small household appliances, equipment for IT and telecommunications, Lighting. Electrical and electronic tools, toys, leisure and sports equipment, medical devices etc.
Battery Directive (restrictions of certain heavy metals and recycling and collection targets)
Regulations for cosmetics, toys etc.
Substitution of chemicals: Articles
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 9
ECHA: Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorization (169 substances)
ECHA: Candidate List for inclusion in the Authorization List (Annex XIV of REACH), currently 31 substances
Substitution of chemicals: Industrial chemicals
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 10
Water Framework Directive
Monitoring: European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) for 50 substances
Air quality directive (e.g. fine particles)
And others…….
Substitution of chemicals: Polluting substances from various sources
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 11
Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) supported by BREFs = Reference documents on best available technologies BAT-documents (http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference/)
IED includes the former IPPC Directive, the Large Combustion Plants Directive, the Waste Incineration Directive, the Solvents Emissions Directive and 3 Directives on Titanium Dioxide.
Eco-Label
Substitution of chemicals: Environment and industrial production
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 12
Information portal that constitutes a state-of-the-art resource on safer alternatives to the use of hazardous chemicals
First entry point for stakeholders interested in substitution
Network of experts and stakeholders
Initiation of practical substitution processes
SUBSPORT goals and achievements
Lüneburg, 14 September 2015 Slide 14
SUBSPORT is a free-of-charge, multilingual platform for information
exchange on alternative substances and technologies, as well as tools
and guidance for substance evaluation and substitution management.
Basic data on the project Cofinancers: LIFE Programme, European Union
BAuA – Federal OSH Institute, GermanyMinistry for Environment and Agriculture,
Austria
Development phase: 2010 – 2013; 2014-2015
Languages: English, French, German, Spanish
Project Consortium
Kooperationsstelle Hamburg IFE (Germany), Coordinator
ISTAS – Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud (Spain)
ChemSec – International ChemicalSecretariat (Sweden)
Grontmij (Denmark)
Development of Case Story Database
About 400 case stories on substitution of hazardous substances
have been compiled in the data base
The database provides a practical way of searching alternatives
http://www.subsport.eu/case-stories
Case Story Database: Goals
Develop an internet portal, which constitutes a state-of-the-art resource on safer alternatives to the use of hazardous chemicals
Initiation of practical substitution processes
Getting inspired by the examples of others
Initiate substitution processes on international level
New ideas and alternatives
CRITERIA Lists of substances
CMR CLP Regulation categ. 1A, 1B IARC categ. 1, 2A, 2B
(v)P(v)BT EC PBT Working GroupOSPAR List of substances of possible concern
Endocrine disruptors
EU Endocrine disruptors database categ. 1, 2SIN list database
Neurotoxicants Vela, Laborda, Garcia study, 2003, categ. 2-4
Sensitizationagents
CLP Regulation for H334, H317
Case Story Database: SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC)
Information on substituted substance and alternative(s)
Information on the type of application
Hazard evaluation
Substitution case description
Case evaluation
Contact data and further information
Structure of case stories and examples
SUBSPORT Textile• Extension with information specific to the textile sector
• Sponsored by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU)
Detailed alternatives assessment reports Chloroalkanes
Chromium VI and compounds
Bisphenol A
Dialkyl phthalates
Lead & its inorganic compounds
Nonylphenol, Octylphenol
Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene
Formaldehyde
Brominated flame retardants: HBCDD, TBBPA, DecaBDE
Parabens (methylparaben, propylparaben…)
• For example, PFOS has been listed in the Stockholm Convention.
However, a wide range of exemptions for the use of PFOS have been
granted since developing and transition countries are requesting for
continuing the use of PFOS due to the lack of knowledge and technical
capacity to phase in substitute chemicals. In addition they might not
transition to chemicals newly patented, which may be more expensive
than PFOS, which after phase-out by the major manufacturer in the US is
now produced by companies in China.
“Lock-in” problem of substituting hazardous chemicals
• While a wide range of sustainable/green chemicals for various
applications are available, often only certain types of hazardous or
unsustainably produced chemicals are continued to be used out of
different reasons (“lock-in” problem) (Scheringer et al. OHC 76, 914-917, 2014).
• There are several challenges associated with the phase-out of hazardous
chemicals widely used even if an agreement has been reached by
voluntary agreements by major companies or an international treaty.
Archetypal cases of incremental substitution
for selected phase-out chemicals
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Fantke et al. (2015) Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 1, 1-8
Assessment ofalternatives
Phase-outimplementation
Selection ofalternatives
Inventory ofalternatives
Phase-outagreement
Incremental substitution
No or slow phase-out
Voluntary, some producers
Known, similar substances
Incomplete assessment
Current and recommended substitution practiceCurrent practice
Current and recommended substitution practice
Fantke et al. (2015) Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 1, 1-8
Assessment ofalternatives
Phase-outimplementation
Selection ofalternatives
Inventory ofalternatives
Phase-outagreement
Incremental substitution Fundamental substitution
No or slow phase-out Effective phase-out
Voluntary, some producers Binding, cross-sector, global
Known, similar substancesStructurally different
substances
Incomplete assessmentComplete assessmentincl. life cycle impacts
Current practice Recommended practice
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Ken Geiser (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production)
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Identify Chemicals of Concern
Criteria for selection
CMRs, PBTs
Bio-monitoring evidence
High public concern
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Ken Geiser (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production)
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Select Priority Uses
Criteria for selection
Large percentage of use
High likelihood of exposure
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Identify Alternatives
Criteria for selection
Alternatives on the market
Alternatives likely to enter the market
Alternatives used by competitors
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Ken Geiser (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production)
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Characterize Alternatives
Assemble available data
hazard end points
human exposure potential
potential environmental effects
Address data gaps
lack of data considered high hazard
Establish hazard profiles
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Ken Geiser (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production)
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Compare Alternatives
Compare hazard profiles
Use available screening tools
TURI’s P2OASys
CPA’s Green Screen
HBN’s Pharos
Ken Geiser (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production)
Six Steps for Alternatives Assessment
Ken Geiser (Lowell Center for Sustainable Production)
Identify
Chemical
of Concern
Select
Priority
Uses
Identify
Alternatives
Characterize
Alternatives
Compare
Alternatives
Score
Alternatives
Rank Alternatives
Use qualitative rating tools
Benchmarks
Comparison tables
Color charts
• A ‘POPs-free initiative’ has been
initiated by the Secretariat of the
Stockholm Convention to improve
the exchange of information on
alternatives/substitutes to POPs.
• Here an electronic publication
“POPs in articles and phasing-out
opportunities” has been developed
compiling information on alternatives
to POPs & phase out (Web-version
with Basel/Stockholm Convention
Regional Centre Asia & the Pacific)
http://poppub.bcrc.cn/
Stockholm Convention
POPs free initiative:
• Part III of the publication includes
information on alternatives to listed
POPs which are still in use.
• The publication is considered to be
updated for current and future new
listed POPs.
http://poppub.bcrc.cn/
Stockholm Convention
POPs free initiative: “POPs
in articles and phasing-out
opportunities” publication
Stockholm Convention POPs free initiative: “POPs in
articles and phasing-out opportunities” publication
Part IV Include some best practice examples
• The publication contains in part IV
information on tools for alternative
assessment and case studies.
• The publication already links to the
compilation of IOMC on alternative
assessment and the Lowell Center
alternative assessment framework
• Inputs including country case
studies are welcome.
http://poppub.bcrc.cn/
Stockholm Convention POPs free initiative: “POPs in
articles and phasing-out opportunities” publication
Part V „Conclusions and recommendations“ includes already a short
section on „Approach of using/promoting Green/Sustainable Chemistry“
First version of „POPs phase out/alternative guidance version – to be updated
Thank you for your attention
www.subsport.eu
www.kooperationsstelle-hh.de