Summative Assessment Commission Unit-Part 1
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Transcript of Summative Assessment Commission Unit-Part 1
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Summative Assessment
Commission Unit-Part 1
Neda Mockeviciute
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Introduction
Signs 'No tresspassing' or 'Private property' haunts us more and more
frequently, not allowing to enter places that once had public access. Housesin rural areas that once were standing near woodlands now are facingfactories, dwellings or high fences.
SeeingJo Spence work and how she constructs her images, creatingphotographs for expressing her opinion on arising gender, power, control,
class problems. She inspared me to work on something what is importantand interesting for me.
Because of these ideas my body of work is about present-day protuberantissue which is land privatization.
Definition of privatization - 'the transfer of ownership of property orbusinesses from a government to a privately owned entity. '
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Contextual research European Environment Agency states:
1. that agricultural zones, forests, semi-natural and natural areas,are disappearing in favour of the development of artificialsurfaces. This affects biodiversity since it decreases the livingspace of a number of species.
2. In general, more forests, natural grasslands and open spaceswere taken by artificial land development then in the previousdecade. This meant a higher loss of natural ecosystems.
3. Europe is one of the most intensively used continents on theglobe, with the highest share of land (up to 80%) used for
settlement, production systems (including agriculture andforestry) and infrastructure.
European Environment Agency (2013a) 'Land Take (CSI 014)' At:
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-
2/assessment-2
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2 -
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The numbers of private land sector in other parts of the world:
1. Between 1990 and 1996 the New Zealand's government sold morethan 530 000 hectares of planted government-owned forests to the
private sector.
2. 'The Forestry Commission' the Scottish-based agency responsible formanaging 2.7 million acres of woodland, has been able to dispose of'surplus land' - defined as not needed for forest development.'
3. According to Smith 423 million acres out of 751 million acre of forestland in the U.S. is owned by private entities such as privateindividuals, corporations, and other private groups.
1. FAO Corporate document repository (1999)Devolving forest ownership throughprivatization in New Zealand. In: http://www.fao.org/docrep/x3030e/x3030e0a.htm
2. The Guardian (1991)Forest sale programme accelerated by stealth: David Henckereports on secretive privatisation of land which could spell the end of public rightsof access. In: http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian
3. The dissertation of Taeyoung Kim (2012) Three Essays on Private LandownersResponse to Incentives for CarbonSequestration through Forest Management and
Afforestation. In:http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2
http://www.fao.org/docrep/x3030e/x3030e0a.htmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/x3030e/x3030e0a.htm -
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'Seized! The 2008 land grab for food and financial security' states: Articlewritten by: 'Grain', 2008
This article states that land grabbing in economically unstable countries:
enhance the possibility of collapse of local markets, farmers rather thansustain and encourage peasant agriculture for local and national marketsand for future generations.
accelerate eco-system destruction and the climate crisis.
destroys livelihoods.
Its the restructuring. For these lands will be transformed from smallholdingsor forests, whatever they may be, into large industrial estates connected tolarge far-off markets. Farmers will never be real farmers again, job or no job.
This will probably be the biggest consequence.
http://www.grain.org/article/entries/93-seized-the-2008-landgrab-for-food-and-financial-security
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'Private Property, Community Development, and Eminent Domain',
Edited by: Robin Paul Malloy
'Hysteria versus History: Public Use in the Public Eye'
The Supreme Court in 2005 in Washington accepted a ruling that local
governments may seize peoples homes and businesses even against
their willfor private economic development that would not have an
immediate public benefit. News announcer then brought the decision The
US Supreme Court today made it a whole lot easier for someone to come inand take your house, take your private property, against your will, as long
as the state can prove theres a better public use for it. ' The land
deprivation will mostly affect poor and working-class people.
And there are many cities that want to expand their tax base, bring insome more jobs. And so they literally can bulldoze your house and give you
the market value.
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Visual references
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Jo Spence Remodelling Photo History
makes daily, institutionalized andnormalized practices and codes
seem strange, so that their
common sense becomes
disrupted.
This photograph had influenced
my choice for changing my idea
from relationship between nature
and man to land privatization.Remodelling Photohistory (Victimization), 1982
Also, it encouraged me to experiment toinclude real people in my images, because
they might help transfer the notion of 'No
trespassing'.
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Anna Fox 'The Village' is a body of work
looking at domestic life in a rural
West Sussex village, which oncloser inspection appears to be
'everyday things which are semi
public, semi private.' Mine and
Anna's concept differ as you can
say from the quotation above.Nevertheless, the images that
author took in the garden can be an
example of how I can transfer my
idea.
This particular image was useful
for me, because of the composition
which creates a notion of
inhospitality.
'The Village' , 1991-1993
The author to create that notion of
inhospitality used bushes to block the view
and I have done a similar thing (blocking the
view with gates, fences and etc.) to
established that sense.
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Gina Glover 'Shifting time. Figure in the landscape
is not only about passing time, but alsoinfluenced by personal experience from
anti-malaria drugs which caused various
visual shifts (grey tones or intense
colors).
Regardless different concept Gina
Glover had for her images, the man
standing near the sea is more or less in
quite sharp focus and the environment
around him is blurry. This type of focus
and the mans posture applied in my
concept might indicate that the person is
in control of our sight.
Gina Glover - 'Shifting time.Figure in the
landscape Red Cap, Cape Cod, USA
Central composition suggests that
viewers attention should be drawn to
a man figure in the frame.
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Untitled landscapes, 1985
Consistent focus of work 'Untitled
landscapes' is on landscape and place
(place as a state of mind). The
photographs are of UK urban and
rural scenes.
The audience is confronted with a
woman against what normally wouldbe an empty landscape. The
silhouette by blocking the scenery
implies that it has power over the
viewer.
Susan Trangmar
In the photograph the person is out of
focus, while the green-land is in sharp
focus which suggests that the main
focus is land and the person is only a
subsidiary implement to convey the
concept of nature being owned and
controlled by someone.
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I found Susan Trangmar's and Gina Glover's works quite influential while
experimenting. Both photographers with help of people facing back to the
camera more or less succeeded in sense of control over the audience. Even
if I decide to take final photographs without people these images
encouraged me to experiment with focus.
Untitled Landscapes, 1985
Red Riding Hood, Lochinvar, Scotland
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Hans Haacke Work titled 'Shapolsky
et al Manhattan Real
Estate Holdings, A
Real-Time Social
System as of May 1,
1971' presented a
documentation -
photographs of 142properties, owned by
two or three families,
who had assembled vast
empires of slum housing
in New York.
Hans Haacke- 'Shapolsky et al Manhattan Real Estate Holdings,
A Real-Time Social System as of May 1, 1971
Hans Haacke images arouse my interest not only because of its 'background' story,
but also due to the camera position and composition. The composition is quite
simple, static, nevertheless, the camera position appears to have a notion of control
over and a power of devaluating the viewer.
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Double Fence, Natzweiler-Struthof, France,
1993
Michael Kenna
Michaels series of images from
'Concentration Camps' were mostrelative to how I can transfer the
notion of something being controlled
by someone.
The fog might indicate the unknown
that lurks just beyond that fence.
I am intrigued to try to convey my
idea not only by objects(sign, fence)or composition in the photograph, but
also capture the right moment (sky,
fog).
This photograph caught my
attention due to the composition.
The fence extends through the
entire frame which might
suggest what huge territory is
paled.
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Stanley Spencer I have chosen these pictorial art
works because it sustains my
idea of exploring private land.
It represents the impact on
landscape that private
landowners leave, such as
blacktops, fences, buildings,gardens.
People who are not allowed to
go there leave a trace too, for
instance, pathway around the
fence.
Stanley Spencer - 'Extensive landscape with awrought-iron gate'
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Test shoots
Experimented with a man figure standing back to the camera.
Close-up images.
Took pictures of buildings and walls.
Unfortunately, none of those images completely underpinned my idea and I
had to search for other ways.
I lik h i i f
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I do like the composition of
this shot. Although, in my
estimation it still does not
underpin my idea.
I like the composition of
this image, but from my
point of view it still does
not fully represent my idea.
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While searching for the
most suitable composition
I used low angle and
photographed my objects
on eye level.
I have focused on fences,
gates, signs. Nevertheless,
also experimented by
focusing the subjects
beyond the fence, such as
trees, etc.
C t t Sh t
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Contact Sheets
I have decided to take photographs on eye level but also slightly point up the lens because low
angle gives a sense of powerlessness to viewers within the frame. I have used natural lighting to
keep notion of reality in the pictures. Focus is on fences because it seperates public from
private property.
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Final Prints
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I chose this image
because of
trace,the pathway,
people, who arenot alowed to go
beyond that fence,
created.
Sharp focus is on
the fence and the
beginning of the
pathway.
Everything else
goes out of focus
within the distance.
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The fence takes
2/3 of the frame
giving the viewer
no choice but tofocus on the fence.
The photographic
choices of 50mm
lens and low angle
was essential tome because it
slightly
exaggerates the
size of fence and
the added height
of the object mayinspire fear and
insecurity to the
viewer.
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Self Evaluation Project is based on current societies desire to fulfill their endless and
blakness needs by taking what they can under their control. At first it may
not be seen as a big issue, nonetheless, as you could have seen from mycontextual research it effects so many aspects of our life: nutrition,dwelling, leisure time that later or sooner we will perceive the after-effects.
In my estimation, I managed my studies quite well. Although,the next termI wouldnt delay printing to the last week leaving myself no time to reshoot
the places if needed.
In the future I need to do more test shoots which as I now understand arereally essential for developing visual choices and better visualachievements in the end.
I had problems with printing. I wanted to make all of the prints to matchcolor-wise, nevertheless, as I started to talk about this with one of thetechniques he said that one of the prints then would turn out really artificialand still would not match the others. That is why I decided to print them asthey are and adjusting colors as far as I can. According to this I will bemore considered the next shooting time.
h h ll i f hi i l ki f i id
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The most challenging part of this unit was looking for appropriate ideawhich would answer the brief question and controlling all the photographicchoices so that they all communicate the same thing. I will definitely bemore aware of these choices when photographing now. Furthermore, Ithink the images could be stronger in communicating the idea of the land
privatization.
Also, I did not get lucky with weather. I wanted to capture fog butunfortunately the weahter was not what forecaster said it would be thatweek and I couldnt wait any longer. If I would continue this project, I
would have wait for fog.
The second image in my estimation is the weakest because of the dullcolour scheme and flatness caused by overcast day lighting. If I wouldcarry on with this project I would have waited for better weather or found a
better place for shooting. It made me aware of how important every aspect
of the image is.
I found contextual and visual research quite challenging in the beginningbecause I have never done it before. Now when I have a better knowledgehow to do that I know it helps a lot to visualise your idea.