Summary of the 13 Chapters of a Hisory of Belize-1

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In chapter 2- topic British Pirates and Woodcutters, contains 16 pages, five sections, one table and one map. British Pirates and those of the other nations raided Spanish ships for whatever lucrative cargo they carried. One such item was logwood. Logwood was valued by the British woolen industry because it was a key ingredient in dye production.

In the middle 17th century the British pirates eventually decided its safer to cut logwood themselves than wrest it from the Spaniards. The British attempted to cut logwood along an extensive stretch of coast, from Campeche to Nicaragua. Over the years however, in an attempt to reduce violence and maintain control several treaties were implemented between Spain and England. Most of the cutters congregated in what became Belize as a result of the Convention of London, as a result of the cries of the cutters about the limits defined previously, there request for an extension of the limits was adhered to under the condition that the Mosquito Coast be evacuated. The right to cut Mahogany was also included since Logwood was eventually replaced by Mahogany, which was and is prized in making high end furniture.

Harvesting and cutting of logwood did not require the British settlers to penetrate too far inland, however as the logwood era transferred to mahogany it became necessary to venture inland, where the woodcutters came in contact with the Mayas who the British believed were claiming their territory. The British, who at this time was beginning to see Belize as more than just making capital, were attacked by the Spaniards who at this time were desperately trying to regain what was lost. Belize was always left uninhabited so the settlers always returned. The last fight took place in September 1798. It was believed that this time the Spanish came intending to inhabit, not with Spaniards but with the slaves that escaped hoping to free their brethrens and make a better life for themselves. The fight lasted for two ours and the lucky settlers were victorious. The settlers had no casualties while the Spaniards suffered many losses mostly as a result of illness like yellow fever and dysentery while aboard the ship. The reign of Spain diminished drastically and Britain was taking charge, securing the settlers in their domain at least from the Spaniards. At this time the Mayas were once again beginning to pose a threat.

As a nation Belize displays an ounce of uniqueness in every aspect of its being, from being the only English speaking country in an entire region, the only country which is both Central American and the Caribbean, its cultural diversity to being the country with the least violence upon earning its sovereignty. While we had our share of struggles and bloodshed, overall our history manifests peacefulness and tranquillity. Our forefathers displayed an undeterred determination regardless of circumstances and found a home that we now know and love. They were able to overcome the swampy, mosquito infested, uninhabitable region Belize was at the time. They overcame the many attacks from the Mayas and the Spaniards. This determination is what drives us as a people to undertake any obstacles that come in our way. Its our determination that gives me unrelenting hope that Belize and its people are destined for great things. As we progress into what I hope is our full potential there are many misconception that many Belizeans find themselves living by, primarily the idea that Belize was always in the hands of the British. We had this underlying idea that Spain tried to steal us away from Britain not realizing that in fact we were stolen from Spain. This chapter allows for the clarification of this misconception which feeds our desires not only to know but to know the truth taking us one step closer to where we want to be.

In Chapter 3 Topic is A Colonial Slave Society, consist of 19 pages long, 7 subtitle paragraphs.Slaves revolted and fought fro freedom all across the Americas. This drawing depicts a scene in the Haitian Revolution. Europeans coming to Americas after Columbus resulted in their establishing colonies throughout the continent. Defeated or otherwise displaced the native peoples who live on the lands, established dominion over them and over the people who brought as slaves from Africa.

Slaves revolted and fought fro freedom all across the Americas. This drawing depicts a scene in the Haitian Revolution. This colonialism involved overseas Possessions of the European countries take control over the lives of the inhabitants within the territories. The first British settlers cut logwood during 1720s where they begun to import enslave Africans to work for the British.

Just as to mention, most slaves brought to Belize originally came from Western Africa. Most Africans were agriculture people whose culture was based on social relations of skin, clan and village. Also music and dance were central to religious ceremonies as well in their daily life. And basically the slaves were there to cut logwood and mahogany, agriculture purposes and domestic work. Some slaves escape during at work through the woods. Whenever the slaves escaped, most of them went to north, across the Hond and at Bacalar where the Spanish offered them protection against the British. The salves worked for their masters for forty hours per week without pay. So the salves began to think if they could be able to escape, take over or war against the white people.

Eventually the African people resisted this domination and eventually won independence often after armed struggle. The Africans slaves have resulted in wars against the white people. The white no longer rule in Africa which it was assisted by International Solidarity because the African people won independence. The conditions surrounding this event, however and the global economic system which will determine the route of South Africas development serve to remind us that the struggle of African peoples for democracy and justice.

In chapter 4- Authority and Power in the Settlement, 4 sub-topics and no pictures, 11 pages (61-72),

The first British settlers in Belize were those pirates and buccaneers who, having been prevented from practicing that profession in 1670 and were in no hurry in establishing laws.

They had no intentions of establishing permanent home here because they were cutting logwood and where only squatting land that was claimed by Spain and inhabited by the Maya. They needed some form of resolution for the disputes over logwood claim. There was a seven decades conflict, which ended in 1853, over power and authority between the British settlers and the superintendent because of settlements. Also in 1853, the first formal constitution was enacted. Sir William Burnaby, commander in chief, visited the settlement and reinforced laws that the settlers must abide by called Burnabys code. There are laws against cursing and swearing. Crimes and misdemeanors are punished according to custom of the bay. This code also provide for the passing of other laws and regulations. From this came the Public Meeting which gave the British inhibiters to make laws. In the Public Meeting it was stated that they are certain qualifications to vote. In order to take part in politics you had to have sixty five Jamaican pounds then were raised to eighty. Had no less than 25 votes.

The slave trade was abolished in the year 1807 and a magistrate was carrying the trade seven years later because the superintendent was powerless to stop it. This shows the difficulty the superintendent had over controlling the unruly Baymen. The superintendent was weakened by the fact that the British government would not grant powers to its representatives in the settlement. The first time a law was passed in Belize was in 1819. It was passed by the British parliament with out any difficulty this time.

In 1853, the Public Meeting abolished itself by passing an act to amend the system of British Honduras and stated that the Legislature should consist of the superintendent and the Legislative Assembly. The assembly consisted of 21 member-18 elected and 3 appointed by the superintendent. in order for this to happen the participant had to be a male, at least 21 years old and a natural born British, had to have a personal property of British Honduras 400 pounds Sterling.

In chapter 5- topic Expanding and Peopling the Territory, 13 pages, eight subtopic sections

How the country of Belize was populated and from where the settlers came from. It will expand your knowledge of the most important facts about our lovely country Belize.

There first presence in Belize was in 1802. They were first brought by the British to St.Vincent and then deported to Roatan in Honduras. From here the Garifuna would escape slavery and go to other settlements for refuge. The Maya resume their struggle indicates that the Mayas never gave up. They were always in conflict with the British and Spaniards. The Mayas were the least at the bottom but kept on the war of their homeland. This war did not have much impact on the Belize settlement but had other activities associated with Mayas of Belize. There was an also major war between the Mayas of that area and many conflicts over territory. This was so helpful for the British because they gained much control of the land. The Maya War in Belize was war amongst the tribe of the many Mayas in the region. This war had effects as raiding of log wood camps and so forth. At this time the Yucatecos had taken over Bacalar in 1849. This was a war between the Chichanha Maya, Cruzob and Asuncion Ek. These groups were all local tribes of the larger Mayan empire that fled from Mexico to Belize. There was also a group called the Icaiche who eventually fled over to Mexico and died away. In the late 1861 they agreed with the British for a peace. The Battle of San Pedro was war between the San Pedro Mayas when they were not happy with the British on how the log wood was being mobilized. They rebel against the British but were not successful. One of their major attacks was on the army barracks in Orange Walk which was led by Canul. After several hours of severe fighting Canul was wounded and they took him over to Mexico where he died. Eventually the Mayas gave up and the governor came up with an agreement and appointed alcaldes in Holotunich, San Jose, and San Pedro. Diplomatic and constitutional effects of the war on the Belize settlement suffered a lot and needed to form a formal constitution to govern the territory. They passed out laws that will help govern the country. With all the war brought against the British by the Mayas brought such constitutional changes to take place. The border issue with Mexico was signed and also with Guatemala in 1882. The agreement with Mexico was not approved until July 1897. Later the governor issued that no ammunition or weapon should be exported. By this time the Mayan rebellion had died out. Population growth was significant as to where the people came from and why they came to the Belize settlement. By 1850 there were 16 settlements that have been established. Also they imported many Caribbean and Chinese to work at the agriculture and sugar industries. The rapid growth of the chicle and banana production brought many immigrants to the Belize settlement from neighboring countries. By this time the population grew by an average of 5.7% per year between 1871 and 1891. Finally hundreds of Kekchi and Mopan Mayas fled to Belize. These immigrants came from Alta Verapaz and Petn provinces in Guatemala. The Kekchi were mostly plantation workers as they were used to working in coffee plantation from where they came from. In 1990 there were some 3,600 Kekchi in Toledo. Unlike the Mopan Mayas were independent small farmers. By the end of the 19th, century the population was at 40,000. This significance was important to the economical growth of Belize.

In chapter six topic Capitalists, Peasants and Workers, 20 pages and 8 subtopices.

Examines the process by which British firms took over the interests of the old settlers, that by which U.S. companies began to challenge them, and the consequence of these phenomena for commercial agriculture. IT will then look at how the majorities of the people were affected, and at what they did as peasants and workers to survive and develop in this changing political economy.

The extraction of forest products in Belize created conditions different from British colonies in the Caribbean. First, because forest work required less labour than sugar plantations, there was no need for a large population. This is why even today Belize has only 7 per cent of Jamaica's population, although we are twice the size of that island. Secondly, forest exploitation as practiced in Belize did not require much machinery, capital, or roads. Thirdly, there was no attempt to replace the trees that were cut. Eventually, slow-growing mahogany trees became scarce. But logwood did not remain the main economic activity in Belize. By 1770 there was more logwood in the market than was needed, and the price fell. Later, the development of cheaper man-made dyes in Europe lessened the need for logwood even more. When settlers were driven out from Belize by the Spanish in 1779, they had already found an alternative that was more profitable and longer lasting - the export of mahogany

Mahogany dominated the economic, social and political life of our country until the middle of the 20th century. The forests of Belize contained a great deal of mahogany. The cutting of mahogany required more land, workers and capital and resulted in the creation of a small wealthy class who owned most of the land and labour. The rise in demand encouraged the cutting of trees, but no new trees were planted. However, mahogany remained the most important export, and timber still earned the most money for the colony until 1959. It was only then that the combined value of sugar and citrus products was greater than the value of forestry products.

Ever since the establishment of logwood settlements in Belize, The British settlers imported almost everything they needed to live and work. Most of what was needed but specially flour and salted pork, was imported. The merchants and traders in Belize became rich and powerful. In 1885 the United States Consul in Belize wrote about "the tendency for persons to be disparaging about local agriculture efforts, least success in the direction might reduce the profits from imported foodstuffs". At first, imports were totally controlled by the same people who controlled the export of timber. Then, in the 1920's, the entrepot trade with Central America grew and about four-fifths of the Central America trade went through Belize. Goods from Britain and the United States were imported into Belize first and then exported to other countries of the region. In 1860's, during the USA's civil war, the Belize merchants also profited by contraband trade with the Confederates. Even without the entrepot and contraband trades the merchants were still very rich and powerful. They continued to be so long after forest exploitation declined

In Chapter 7- topic Cultural Logic of Imperialism, consist of 15 pages from 123 to 152 and 14 sub topics.While Belize was still indisputably part of the Empire, it was also a separate entity, with its own peculiar ecology, social formation and history. One of the most important literary critics and philosophers of the late 20th century was that the Culture and Imperialism was hailed as long-awaited and seen as a direct successor to his main work Orientalism. While the New York Times review notes the book's heavy resemblance to a collection of lectures, it concludes that "Yet that telegraphic style does not finally mar either the usefulness of 'Culture and Imperialism' or its importance."Yet despite this very simple fact, the notion of imperialism tends to be looked upon as a product of western civilization. It is impossible however, not to notice that the taking and controlling of other peoples land by another is a truly universal theme. The early settlers, regarding the place as a temporary camp from which to extract wood and their slaves as only the instruments for so doing, were not too preoccupied with religious matters. As they became more settled, the need for religious instruction was perceived. The Creole society was emerged from the process by which the lighter skinned creoles had an advantage because their history of miscegenation gave them greater opportunities for advancement through contacts and education. Stanley Tambiah describes ethnicity as the creation of a collective identity by a social process involving ideas of inheritance, ancestry and descent, place or territory of origin, and the sharing of kinship, any one or combination of which may be invoked as a claim according to context and calculation of advantages. Over subsequent days the Spanish retreated to Yucatan and never again was the settlement of Belize to suffer military invasions by the Spanish. The Baymen later acknowledged, in writing, that the outcome showed the settlement could not have successfully been defended without the aid of 1200 or so adult male slaves. Their collective battle cry was "Shoulder to Shoulder." It has been shown that the battle was won by valour and brains. It was valiant men who stood against overwhelming odds and it took brains to prepare an impenetrable defense. In 1898, the 10th of September was declared a public holiday, in honor of the Baymen, to celebrate the Battle of St. George's Caye. On September 10th, 1798, Belize's destiny was being planned. The outcome of the battle predicted the fate of this young nation and would mold its future in many different respects, as compared to those of its neighbors. As a result, today Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Furthermore, her history, culture, and people all contribute to the diversity and flair of what is Belize - an uncommon and exceptional trait in the region. Today, over 200 years later, the 10th of September is still celebrated as a National Holiday in Belize. Many activities are planned all over the country to commemorate this historical event, which garners great support from the Belizean public. In the economic relations the Mestizo elite were in possession of capital and had experience of sugar production in Yucatan, which enable them to successfully establish sugar estates in Belize.

In conclusion the overall information stated in this chapter give me a clear understanding on the Creole culture on how they came to settle in Belize. In Chapter 8- topic Resistance, Struggle and Change, consists of twelve 12 pages with 9 subtopics/sections.

The people had to fight against the racism that permeated the society, exploitation of their labor, patriarchal structures and political structures that denied them a voice in the making of decisions affecting their lives. Although the effects of racial discrimination were very obvious, the rulers denied that racism existed. Divisions were created between the various ethnic groups in the colony. Dissatisfaction among workers was created by a law in 1849. A Petition of the Labourers was presented, but the Governor called a meeting saying that they could not afford higher wages. Almost immediately riots were caused leading to wage cuts. Throughout this chapter it talks about the peoples resistance to oppression and the struggles the people suffered. The prevailing racism of the society was exposed by the efforts the working community did in order to change the way they were living. The cost of living had increased because of the failure of wages.

The economy in Belize was always in crisis but the Great Depression that began in 1929, totally shattered the economy. A new organization was created called the Labourers and Unemployed Association that helped to bring about a constitutional change; however this change was ruined by the unofficial members because of Britains insistence that the governor be given reserve powers to pass bills over the objections of the council. In 1939, another union was founded; however it existed only by name because the labour laws did not permit for a real trade union to operate. It was the British Honduras Workers and Tradesmen Union. In 1943 BHWTU registered under the new law but soon after changed its name to the General Workers Union (GWU). In the year 1947, GWU led a successful strike which gave them an increase in wage. In the same year, 1947, five GWU candidates won all elected seats in the Stann Creek Town Board.

An important limitation on the militancy of unions was the fact that settlements were often made by invoking the cooperation of the state. Other issues such as the imperial design for the British colonies also served to weaken the unity of the workers. The workers movement created many advances but the struggle against employers was once again overtaken.

In Chapter 9- topic Nationalism and Political Parties, consist of 25 pages, contain a table and 11 subtopics.

The statistics of the general election result in Belize from 1954 -1993 that the reader with the rise of political parties in Belize in the 20th Century. Gracing the opening page of chapter nine is honorable George Price at a public meeting in Belize City promoting the cause of nationalism.

In the 1930s the struggle of working class were directed at improving their conditions of life and work within the colonial system. Even before the 1930s, soldiers that return from world war one, having experience modern way of life style in developed nation, incited the campaign for a better standard of living, in the colony called British Honduras presently called Belize. A man such as Soberanis was influence by the teachings of Marcus Garvey, which led to the campaign and a move towards self government and independence.

The working class was suffering from low wages and poor living conditions in the colony. Through the Belize Bill Board, Journalist such as Goldson wrote articles about the movement fighting towards independences that took place in other British Colonies. Soldiers returning from world war two also joined movement in fighting for better living condition along with men such as Smith, Fuller, Price, Wade, and Goldson. As faith would have it, the British system of divide and conquer did not materialize for the P.U.P splintered and those loyal to George price stay with him. And those loyal to Richardson and Goldson followed them to form the Honduras Independent Party. Which amalgamated with NP (National party) to make the N.I.P (National Independent party) and eventually led to the U.D.P (United Democratic Party?) to become chief opposition to the George price led PUP which dominated the Party Politics until 1984.

The United Democratic Partys foundation consisted of those loyal to the crown. Those who were Anti- Guatemala, the PUPs on the other hand were more interested in independence and self government even though they were accused of being communist and pro Guatemala. In conclusion through all the struggles, the attainment of independence and better living conditions were the issues that our political fore father fought for. Belize is still striving for economic independence the dreams for economical stability shall continue to be the number agenda for our political leaders, though we are politically an independent country.

In chapter 10- topic Different Drums, consists of 13 pages, ten sections, one illustration and two tables.Assad Shoman speaks about the impact of imports and exports in our country Belize. Belize depended on imports and exports for three centuries. The population of Belize depended highly on the importation of goods. The sugar industry played a big role as to the development of Belize up to this present day as it accounts for most of the countrys revenue. When the sugar industry happens to decline for awhile the economy was greatly impacted.

The nationalists took office in the 1960s and intensified the capitalist modernization policies initiated by the British. The socioeconomic measure they develop sometimes required painful adjustment. Belizes economy had depended for three centuries of import and export. The British transitional tale and Lyle controlled sugar production, processing and marketing. Commercial interests grew rapidly, and the population became more dependent on imported foods. It was easy for government to satisfy land hunger for the small population of 90,000 in 1960. But in the Corozal district, the mestizo and the Maya farmers were turned into a rural proletariat, paring the way for organized action. During the 1960s most Corozal rural men became members of the CFA, and not surprisingly it became characterized by confusion and internal conflict, as opposing factions tried to interpret the laws and the use CFA to suit their interests.

Mateo Ayuso was a Mestizo who attended St. Johns Teachers College, both in Belize City he then taught in various schools in three districts and later joined the Department of Cooperatives. He became the first accountant/secretary, and later manager of CFA. Jesus ken was a Maya living in Xaibe whose great grand father had been a leader of the Santa Cruz Maya in the Caste War. He had spent some time in Mexico as a Mahogany cutter and then returned to work as a cane cutter in Corozal. The PUP was central to the sugar politics of Corozal. Its candidate for 1954 elections was a GWU organize. The government indented on cooperating with Tate and Lyle to affect a massive expansion of the industry. Tate and Lyles decision to build a new factory in the orange Walk District, far from the old one, was rooted in its determination to benefit from the concession negotiated with government. The ecological consequences became clear by the late 1970S although few at the time were willing to expose the effects on the last amount of chemical fertilizers.

Even X had returned in 1986 with a degree in English from a US university. The alliance with PAC had hurt UBAD, since most Belizeans were thoroughly indoctrinate by Cold War dogma against anything the dominant powers labeled as communist. It may well be that a part of the UBAD vision has triumphed, in that the average Afro Belizeans today , in contrast to their counterparts in the 1960s, are black and proud. Questions were always there, and they were posed by leaders of these movements.

The UBAD/PAC challenge to the dominant Socio-Economic System was not, therefore, immediately successful. The Civil Service was at that time the principal vehicle for advancement and this was virtually monopolized by the middle class creoles.In chapter 11 the theme was The Guatemalan claim Independence and the political Process. Within this chapter contains 11 pages that are characterized into nine subtopics.

The Guatemalan claim has had many more far reaching consequences in Belize than the delay of its independence. The Guatemalan claim has also contributed to Belizes isolation form and consequent ignorance. The issue has dominated Belizean politics and electoral campaigns for half a century to the detriment of other vital affecting the welfare of the people.

The Britain had agreed that Belize could become independent whenever it chose to. That was when the Guatemalan government threatens to pursue its territorial claim to Belize by force if necessary. The Guatemalan claim was an issue t hat caused many people life to be at risk. Guatemala then decided to reinforce with troops from El Salvador. They both decided to invade Belize. Belize then quickly wet out looking for help and security. They then got help from the British troops who decided to secure Belize. The invasion date was set fourth of February 1972, but this was forestalled by a massive reinforcement by the UK (3000 marines in an aircraft and 18 harrier jets).

In early 1975 talks resumed and Guatemala demanded about a quarter of Belize territory as the price for recognizing what was left from Belize. Belize was then put under tremendous pressure by Britain and the US to give land to the Guatemalan in order to achieve a solution to the dispute. Guatemala then got the use and enjoyment of the Rangauna and Sapodilla Cayes and rights in those areas of the sea adjacent to the cayes. However the British agreed to maintain a military presence in Belize to guarantee its defense. On July 26 the government announced the date for Belize independence.

The Guatemalan dispute has been a vital issue in almost every general election held and it has had a tremendous affect on party politics. Having become independent with the Guatemalans claim still unresolved, Belize had to continue a major part of its effort to securing its territory. From then Belize was a safe, calm and independent country.

In chapters 12- topic is The Belize That History Made, consist of 7 pages, 10 sections, one chart, one graph and three tables.Belize is becoming integrated with increased Tourism, Trade liberalization, Economic and Financial Market but it have a negative impact on the way they live. Tourism had the greatest expansions ;but tourism development is dominated by foreigners ,and does little to stimulate the productive economy, since most of its inputs are imported .

Belize is becoming integrated with increased tourism, trade liberalization economic and financial market but it have an impact on the way they live. Belize is therefore similar to other countries, Belize is different because the way in which its people have interacted with the environment and with each other. These differences make Belize unique. The imperial system; this nation is part of the global system which the people has no deciding voice. The third world countries are still burdened by huge unplayable debt like the workers under the advance of track system they will never escape from the debt trap. Third world countries like Belize are being forced to stop protecting their producers by tariff and to open their economies more to foreign control. Financial times, however, A UN Agency noted that the gap between rich and poor had double in 1960. Belize economy is reliant on imports and exports due to the high growth rate based on sugar prices the economy took tumble when the price fell drastically and the government had to make agreement with the IMF and USA ID. Therefore involved the reduction in health and education, so then the producers in the sugar, citrus industry will have to become competitive with the worlds large producers by concentration of ownership and thus cheaper labour still farmers have managed to make it self sufficient in corn and beans.Trade policy in terms removing anti-export through trade liberalization will have the effect of increasing imports. This will therefore affect small farmers who can find it impossible to compete with cheaper products. Government revenue will also suffer changes because of liberalization .When governments cannot protect their expenditure declined in real terms primary care is the main casualties of the IMF stabilization .When government cannot protect the people they have to seek a way of survival. Next major impact of economics conditions is the population movement. Migrations and Emigrations to other countries because of jobs.

Rural folk another group who are discriminated by the socio economic system are those who live in rural areas. Belize is becoming more rural due to most recent Central America immigrants in the rural areas scarcity of jobs and emigration of urbanfolk. Therefore the rural areas are worst off than the urbanfolk.Electricity can be why the people in urban are better off than the other, schools and trained teachers. Students who went to secondary are mostly urban people and very few rural went, especially the females. Major factors are because government resources are very little. The history of Belize is the story off attempts to impose a system of exploitation and domination and the peoples reaction to it .Belize has changed in many ways but in other way it remained the same. Therefore, these developments have a direct impact on peoples lives and on the way they view themselves and their society.

In chapter 13- Topic Peoples Lives, peoples Cultures, contains 8 pages, 7 seven sections and has an original photograph depicting the different cultures.

The central point in this chapter is where we come from and who we are and to understand and respond to our present movement within the vision of history. Yes, it is very important for us to know the struggles of our people in the forward movement of our nation. We also need to acknowledge our heroes who help us through the movement of what is now this present nation. The development of the nation did not happen by one person nor did it happen just like that. No! Everyone contributed enormously for this change to be a reality.

It is said that there have always been that gap between the poor and the rich. But if you want something you got to work for it. Nothing comes easy and free in this world. But in the past and even today we can see that the poor people are always been taken advantage of. And so the people with less substance had to work hard for every crumb they get. Like a phrase that said, What you put in is what you will get out. But it says that if people were poor it was because they were lazy or stupid, not because the system made them so by denying opportunities to them. As a result of this gap, Belize experiences increasingly crime rates and violence which leads to a feeling of hopelessness.

Many of our youths are being conditioned to gratification where by everything new they see they want and to take what they want. This is what leads to so much crimes and violence in the streets and you can see it for a fact in Belize City. Viewing the cruel stuffs and things being advertised has corrupted the minds of our young people. But Assad Shoman said that television is good in a way because it keeps us inform about issues around the globe. It depends on the viewer itself but parents should monitor their child at all times. The role of the state changes during its past years. The government is now allowed to intervene in the economy by itself. The state had also opened up many more global markets to global forces. Today, a large population of our people benefits hugely from it. They are able to sell much more than before. Our capitalist system has moved people, goods, technology, finance, ideas and images around the world, which have resulted in a diverse global culture. Our nation has encountered societal breakdown and the people is beginning to lose their culture and traditions. The importing of fashion clothing, American foods, and seeing how they act have a great impact on the lives of our present generation. This is a drastic change that was made during the development of our nation.

It is said that there is a move to overcome a real non-participation syndrome that affects most of our people especially those who are working. Because they have come to realized and feel that they are being left out and that no one would listen to them when they have something to say or try to help. The organization would help the people to understand that education must play a key role in the process. So this is why Lamming urges that schools need to change their way of teaching because of the influence slavery had in the institution. They should be taught at school in order for them to develop a brighter future. Indeed, we must educate our young generation because they are the one that would take on the role in the next or so many years. We are of diverse culture, language, ethnicity and so much more but we are one people and same flesh. Everyone needs to play apart in the development of our country. They should speak up, voice their opinion, and help in every way they could. If we all work together we can achieve our highest goal and would make a better nation.