Summary of Major Civil War Battles Western & Eastern Campaigns.
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Transcript of Summary of Major Civil War Battles Western & Eastern Campaigns.
Summary of MajorCivil War Battles
Western & Eastern
Campaigns
Fight for Missouri
Battle of Wilson’s Creek – Aug. 1861
• U: Nathaniel Lyon• C: Sterling Price
– Lyons outnumbered w to 1
– 1200 casualties– Southern half of Miss.
Fell to Confeds
Battle of Pea Ridge – March 1862
• U: Major Gen. Sam Curtis
• C: Earl Van Dorn– Union victory– U suffered twice
casualties as C– Decided fate of
Missouri as Union
Grants Early Victories
• Mill Springs, Jan. 1862 - Kentucky
• Battles at Ft. Henry and Donelson, Feb.6, 1862– Defensive forts erected by C along Tenn &
Cumberland Rivers– Engaged his former roomate General Simon
Buckner
• “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
The Battle of Shiloh
• April 6-7, 1862 • U: Grant, 42000• C: Albert Sidney Johnston,
Beauregard• 2 days of fighting, Union
General Buell arrived with reinforcements (@30,000)
• Nathan Bedford Forest – cavalry charge at Shiloh
• Union victory• @ 23000 casualties, a
number greater than all Americans fought in wars combined
Southwestern TennPittsburg Landing
The Battle for New Orleans
• April 25, 1862: Union officer David Farragut led the successful assault on New Orleans
• Pushed North and captured Natchez, Mississippi
• By June, only 2 major ports on Miss. River now remain in Confederate hands– Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irvin McDowell
George McClellan
Henry W. Halleck
John Pope
McClellan Again
Ambrose Burnside
Joseph Hooker
George Meade
Ulysses S. Grant
War in the East
The Peninsular Campaign – McClellan’s attempt to capture Richmond, VA
• Efficient military leader, but overly cautious
• Hit Richmond from Southeast
• April 1862, lay siege to Yorktown
• May 1862 Battle of Seven Pines– U: McClellan C: Joseph Johnston (Union Vic)
War in East
• The Seven Day’s Battle (June 25-July 1, 1862)– McClellan vs. Lee (Jackson)– James Jeb Stuart gatherer on info.– McClellan is pushed back from Richmond– Peninsular Campaign fails – McClellan is
sacked and Halleck takes over – U casualties: 16,000 C casualties: 20,000, but
Confed. victory
War in the East
Second Battle of Bull Run – Aug. 30, 1862- U: General Pope C: Lee, Jackson, James Longstreet- Pope encounters Lee on way to Richmond- Halleck unable to motivate McClellan to reinforce
Pope in timely manner- Pope pushed all the way back to Washington D.C
- U casualties: @13,380 C casualties: @8000
- Pope is sacked as Field Commander, Halleck is also sacked.
- McClellan reinstated!
Battle of Antietam-Sept. 17, 1862Sharpsburg, MD
• U: McClellan (Burnside, Hooker) @87,000
• C: Lee (Longstreet, Jackson) @ 40,000
• Lee’s 1st attempt to invade the North
• “Bloodiest single day of the War”• Very important battle for foreign
aid for Confederates• Dead and wounded exceed 10,000
for both sides (@ 23-26K)• A moment that alters history “the
note” – Lee had divided his army to attack Harpers Ferry
• Lee retreats (loses about 25% of his army) but McClellan fails to pursue him
The Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan. 1, 1863• Free slaves in
confederate states• Encouraged AA to
enlist in Union army (July 1862 law)
• Over 180,000 fought in Union army
• 54th Mass. Infanty
Battle of Fredericksburg, VA – Dec. 11-13, 1862
• New General – Ambrose Burnside• His strategy: march his 122,000 soldiers
straight toward Richmond• Despite numerical advantage, Union
troops are routed by Lee with severe casualties (Confeds. Had higher ground)– Great slaughter pen – Burnside ordered men
across open plain– 12,000 for Union vs. 5,000 for Confeds.
Battle of ChancellorsvilleApril 30, 1863
• Burnside transferred out west & replaced by General Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker
• Union: 134,000 troops, doubled C• Hooker’s Daring Plan: divide his large army into 3 parts
in order to cut off supply lines and attack flanks• Hooker overly hesitant as well• Lee’s Perfect battle: divided his army and attacked Union
forces from two sides (had @60,000 men)• Confederate Victory • Jackson killed by friendly fire
Dead at Chancellorsville