1. Climate Change Expert Group www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg.htm Helen Plume and Alvaro Umana Accounting for post-2020 mitigation contributions: facilitating clarity, transparency and understanding CCXG Global Forum 19 March 2014

2. 2 Climate Change Expert Group Key emerging themes (1 of 3): general Diverse nationally determined mitigation contributions will lead to complexity for accounting, and increase uncertainty ex ante about expected outcomes Different views on the value of contributions framed in non- GHG terms (should these be translated to GHGs?) BAU referenced contributions complicate accounting REDD+ framework of reference levels could converge with post-2020 land-use accounting Non-GHG contributions may not be a huge problem, if expectation is that major emitters will have GHG contributions 3. 3 Climate Change Expert Group Opt-in to mitigation transfers General view that if countries wish to participate in markets, could opt in to a set of rules Eligibility criteria as well as opt-in to rules set? Preventing double claiming seen as important, both in ex ante estimates, and in ex post accounting Not the topic here, but unit quality also a key issue Allow for evolution of accounting application as capacity develops Lack of clarity about non-market transfers Bounded flexibility, i.e. a more finite range of contributions would help 4. 4 Climate Change Expert Group Timing and sequencing decisions Development of accounting rules will happen both prior to, as part of, with detail to follow after 2015 agreement Possible timing: some structure ahead of contributions; contributions will inform development of accounting; in a stepwise structured approach Need to capture essential details Priority for Lima is defining information for NDCs as this is existing mandate. How do we open the parallel discussion on accounting? Difficult to discuss in abstract will be easier once we see what contributions are on the table