SulSulphphuric aciduric acid

HH22SOSO44

Jitka KrouskáJitka Krouská

Eva ČechováEva ČechováFCH VUT 2005FCH VUT 2005

HistoryHistory 99thth century: Islamic physician and alchemist century: Islamic physician and alchemist

Ibn Zakariya al-RaziIbn Zakariya al-Razi - heated green - heated green vitriol FeSOvitriol FeSO44 . 7H . 7H22OO and blue and blue

vitriovitrioll CuSO CuSO44 . 5H . 5H22O O dilute solution dilute solution of sulfuric of sulfuric acid acid

1313thth century: German alchemist century: German alchemist Albert MagnusAlbert Magnus 1717thth century: century: German-Dutch chemist German-Dutch chemist Johann Johann

Glauber Glauber – – burned sulphur with burned sulphur with saltpeter (potassium saltpeter (potassium

nitrate - KNOnitrate - KNO33)) 1818thth century: century: Joseph Gay-LussacJoseph Gay-Lussac, , John Glover John Glover – –

lead chamber process lead chamber process 1919thth century: century: Peregrine Phillips Peregrine Phillips – contact process– contact process

dilute - zředěný, saltpeter – ledek, lead chamber – Pb komora

Physical andPhysical and chemical chemical propertiesproperties

molar massmolar mass 98,08 g/mol98,08 g/mol, dibasic acid, dibasic acid

appearanceappearance clear, colourless, corrosive, clear, colourless, corrosive, odorless oilodorless oil, , not flammable not flammable

densitydensity 1,84 g/cm1,84 g/cm33 at 20at 20°C°C

boiling pointboiling point 337°C337°C

melting pointmelting point 10°C10°C

pKpKaa 1,991,99

special formspecial formoleum (when high conc. ooleum (when high conc. of f SOSO33 is is added)added)

viscosityviscosity 26,7 cP at 2026,7 cP at 20°C°C

solubility in watersolubility in water fully miscible (exotermicfully miscible (exotermic processprocess))

Manufacture of HManufacture of H22SOSO44

two basic methods:two basic methods:

1.1. lead chamber processlead chamber process

2.2. contact processcontact process

Lead chamber processLead chamber process hot sulphur dioxide SO2 gas enters the reactor

called a Glover tower mixes with nitric oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2, dissolves in it

some of the sulphur dioxide forms the acid (Glover acid - about 78% H2SO4)

mixture of gases (including sulphur dioxide and trioxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, oxygen, and steam) lead-lined chamber, reaction with water

sulphuric acid is formed by a complex series of reactions

condensation on the walls of the chamber (3 - 12 chambers in a series) chamber acid (contains 62% to 68% H2SO4)

Glover tower – called after John Glover

Contact processContact process

- based on the catalytic oxidation of SO2

1. Solid sulfur, S(s), is burned in the air to form SO2 S(s) + O2(g) -----> SO2(g)

2. In the presence of a vanadium catalyst (vanadium (V) oxide) – production of SO3(g)

2SO2(g) + O2(g) -----> 2SO3(g) 3. SO3(g) is dissolved in 98% (18M) H2SO4, to produce disulfuric acid or pyrosulfuric acid, also known oleum,

H2S2O7

SO3(g) + H2SO4 ------> H2S2O7

SO3(g) + H2O(l) -----> H2SO4(l) (slow)4. water is added to H2S2O7 to form H2SO4

H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) -----> 2H2SO4(l) vanadium (V) oxide – V2O5

The sulphuric acid The sulphuric acid industryindustry

ffeertilisers, acid rainrtilisers, acid rain cchemicalshemicals likelike laboratory reagentlaboratory reagent dyes and pigmentsdyes and pigments ccatalystatalyst iron and steel industryiron and steel industry rayon and filmrayon and film industrial explosiveindustrial explosive pulp and paper industry, metal i., car i.pulp and paper industry, metal i., car i. electrochemistry (electrolyte)electrochemistry (electrolyte) – lead – lead

accumulatoraccumulator raw material for manufacture of Hraw material for manufacture of H33POPO4, ...4, ...

fertiliser – hnojivo, rayon – umělé hedvábí, raw material- surovina

Health hazard Health hazard

pulmonary edemapulmonary edema burning sensationburning sensation coughingcoughing wheezingwheezing shortness of breathshortness of breath headache, nausea headache, nausea vvomitingomiting R/S statements:R/S statements:

R: 35R: 35S: 26, 30, 45 S: 26, 30, 45

pulmonary edema – plicní embolie, burning sensation – pocit rozehřátí, pulmonary edema – plicní embolie, burning sensation – pocit rozehřátí, wheezing – dýchavičnost, nausea – mdlo, vomiting - zvraceníwheezing – dýchavičnost, nausea – mdlo, vomiting - zvracení

SourcesSources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulphuric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulphuric_acid http://www.akerkvaerner.com/Internet/IndustriesAndServices/http://www.akerkvaerner.com/Internet/IndustriesAndServices/

Metals/AcidPlants/SulphuricAcidConcentration.htmMetals/AcidPlants/SulphuricAcidConcentration.htm http://www.na-ag.com/NA_en/rohstoffe/roh_schwefelhttp://www.na-ag.com/NA_en/rohstoffe/roh_schwefel http://www.uyseg.org/greener_industry/pages/sulphuric_acid/http://www.uyseg.org/greener_industry/pages/sulphuric_acid/

2SulphuricAcidUses.htm2SulphuricAcidUses.htm http://www.pollutionengineering.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/http://www.pollutionengineering.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/

products/BNPProductItem/0,6654,150482,00.htmlproducts/BNPProductItem/0,6654,150482,00.html http://www.noram-eng.com/technologies/sulphuric.htmlhttp://www.noram-eng.com/technologies/sulphuric.html http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/5/chemistry/catalysis/http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/5/chemistry/catalysis/

catsch3pg4.htmlcatsch3pg4.html http://www.ausetute.com.au/sulfacid.htmlhttp://www.ausetute.com.au/sulfacid.html http://www.ratson.com/chemicals/sulfuric.htmhttp://www.ratson.com/chemicals/sulfuric.htm

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