Suez Canal 1859186918821914194019541956197519801994199620022008 Figures & Photos Suez Canal...
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Transcript of Suez Canal 1859186918821914194019541956197519801994199620022008 Figures & Photos Suez Canal...
Suez CanalSuez Canal
18591859
18691869
18821882
19141914
19401940
19541954
19561956
19751975
19801980
19941994
19961996
20022002
20082008
Figures & Figures & PhotosPhotos
Suez Canal Authority
SC in the HistorySC in the History
• 1887 BC Canal of the Pharos - Sesostris ( Senusret III )
• 1310 BC Canal of the Pharos - ( Seti I )
• 610 BC Canal of the Pharos - ( Necho )
• 510 BC Canal of the Persians - ( King Darius )
• 285 BC Canal of the Ptolemans - ( Ptolemy II )
• 117 AD Canal of the Romans - ( Trajan )
• 640 AD Canal of Arab ـ ( Emir El-Mo’ meneen )
Canal of Sesostris Linking the two seas through the Nile branches
Suez Canal Authority
• 17/11/1869 Inauguration of the Suez Canal
• 26/7/1956 Nationalization of the Suez Canal
• 15/9/1956 Withdrawal of foreign pilots
• 29/10/1956 Closure of the Suez Canal ( 1956 War )
• 10/4/1957 Reopening the Canal following the Suez
War
• 5/6/1967 Closure of the Canal ( 1967 War )
• 6/10/1973 October War
• 5/6/1975 Reopening the Canal after October War
• 16/12/1980 The Canal Development Project ( First
Stage )
Days to RememberDays to RememberSuez Canal Authority
Digging of the SC (1)Digging of the SC (1)
First digging works Digging and sand removal works
• First Concession Agreement - 30 November 1854
• Founding the Suez Canal Company -15 December 1858
• Start of digging - 27 April 1859
• End of digging works - 12 August 1869
Suez Canal Authority
Digging Costs369 million French Francs (14 million Egyptian
Pounds)
Volume of excavation
74 million cubic meters of sand
Digging works at Ismailia
Laborers during the digging works
Suez Canal Authority
Digging of the SC (2)Digging of the SC (2)
Peoples worked in the digging
1.5 million
Peoples lost their lives
120,000
Digging Costs369 million French Francs
(14 million Egyptian Pounds)
Stages of Digging Stages of Digging
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(1)-18 March 1862
Mediterranean waters had flowed into Lake Timsah
(2)- 18 March 1869
Mediterranean waters had reached the Bitter Lakes
(3)- 15 August 1869
Red Sea waters had reached the small Bitter Lakes
(4)- 18 August 1869
The two seas had been linked
Suez Canal Authority
Ceremony’s Cost LE 2 million
Main Stage for high-ranking Dignitaries Dinner banquet in Ismailia
Suez Canal Authority
SC Inauguration CeremonySC Inauguration Ceremony
Ceremony’s attendances 6000 Dignitaries
Opening Ceremony in Egypt )1(
17 November 1869
Suez Canal Authority
Hundreds of tents, a luxurious palace, an opera house
andmore than 77 vessels & boats on Lake Timsah were at the
disposal of the honored guests
SC Inauguration CeremonySC Inauguration Ceremony
Opening Ceremony in Egypt )2(
Suez Canal Authority
Guests of the Inauguration Ceremony
State delegates who attended the Ceremony
SC Inauguration CeremonySC Inauguration Ceremony
Opening Ceremony in Egypt )3(
Development of the WaterwayDevelopment of the WaterwaySuez Canal Authority
Description
1869 1956 At Present
Overall length
Km 164 175 190.3
Doubled parts
Km - 29 78
Canal depth M 10 14 22.5
Permissible max. draught
Ft 22 35 62
Permissible max. size of laden ship
1000 DWT
5 30 220
Night traffic started on Night traffic started on 1st March 1887
Suez Canal Authority
Convention of ConstantinopleConvention of Constantinople
It was signed by Great Britain, Germany, Austro-Hungary,
Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Turkey
Suez Canal Authority
( Guaranteed Right of Passage of all Ships through the SC )
19 October 1888
PersonsPersons in the History of SCin the History of SC
Ptolemy II
285 BC
The Pharaoh
(Senusret III) 610 BC
Before the Digging of the Present Canal
Persian King
(Darius) 510 BCRoman King
(Trajan) 117 AD
Suez Canal Authority
Said Pasha,
Viceroy of Egypt
(1863-1854)
De Lesseps
(1805-1894)
Khedive Ismail
(1863-1879)
Suez Canal Authority
PersonsPersons in the History of SCin the History of SC
During the Digging of the Present Canal
Viceroy Said
( 1854 – 1863 )
Khedive Ismail
( 1863 – 1879 )
Khedive Tewfiq
( 1879 – 1892 )
King Farouk I
( 1936 – 1952 )
King Fouad I
( 1917 – 1936 )
Sultan Hussain Kamel
( 1914 – 1917 )
Khedive Abbas Helmi II
( 1892 – 1914 )
Egypt’s Rulers & Kings before 1952Egypt’s Rulers & Kings before 1952Suez Canal Authority
Anwar Al-Sadat ( 1970 – 1981 )
Gamal Abdel Nasser ( 1954 – 1970 )
Hosni Mubarak( 1981 – 2011)
Mohammed Naguib ( 1952 – 1954 )
Suez Canal Authority
Egypt’s Presidents after 1952Egypt’s Presidents after 1952
Jules Guichard
( 1894 – 1896 )
Charles Jonnart
) 1913 – 1927 )
Prince Auguste-Louis-Albéric
( 1896 – 1913 )
François Chales -Roux
) 1948 - 1956 ) Louis de Vogüé
( 1927 – 1948 )
De Lesseps
( 1855 – 1894 )
SC ChairmenSC ChairmenSuez Canal Authority
)Before the Nationalization of the SC - 26 July 1956 (
Dr. Helmi Bahgat Badawy( 1956 – 1957 )
Eng. Mahmoud Younis( 1957 – 1965 )
Eng. Mashhour A. Mashhour( 1965 – 1983 )
Admiral Ahmed Fadel( 1996 – Present )
Eng. M. Ezzat Adel( 1984 – 1995 )
Suez Canal Authority
SC ChairmenSC Chairmen
)After the Nationalization of the SC - 26 July 1956 (
Doubled Parts of the SCDoubled Parts of the SC
1)- Port-Said Bypass ( 27 km - Dug in 1980 )
2)- Ballah Bypass ( 10 km - Dug in 1955 )
3)- Timsah Bypass ( 4 km - Dug in 1980 )
4)- Difresoir & kabreet Bypass ( 27 km - Dug in 1980 )
Suez Canal Authority
Events and WarsEvents and Wars(1)- British Occupation of Egypt
• Tel El-Kebir battle was the beginning of the British occupation of Egypt which lasted for 72 years
• Orabi deceived by the promise of De Lesseps that the canal not be used for war purpose, had opposed the idea of closing the canal to protect Egypt against British Occupation
Tal El-Kebir Battle
Suez Canal Authority
13 September 1882
(2)- War 1956
SC remained under Egypt’s stewardship for 99 days
from it’s nationalization
to the closure due to the war
29 October 1956The Israeli attack
31 October 1956The British / French attack
1 November 1956Interruption of the navigation
23 December 1956Egypt retrieved Port Said( Victory Day )
Suez Canal Authority
Events and WarsEvents and Wars
Suez Canal Authority building in Port Said
SC was closed for 8 years
)5 June 1967 to 5 June 1975(
World economy sustained
a loss of US$ 7 Billion
(3)- War 1967
Suez Canal Authority
Events and WarsEvents and Wars
Egyptian soldiers overrun the ramparts along the Canal
Egyptian flag hoisted on Bar Lev fortified line
(4)- War 1973
Suez Canal Authority
Events and WarsEvents and Wars
Second re-opening of SCSecond re-opening of SC
Re-opening ceremony in Port-Said
A note commemorating the re-opening occasion
Suez Canal Authority
( 5 June 1975 )
Dates of SC closuresDates of SC closures
• 5 Days In August 1882 during the British aggression on Egypt
• 76 Days During the world war II
• 4 Days ( 31/12/1954 - 4/1/1955 ) - Tanker’s collision with Ferdan
bridge
• 159 Days ( 2/11/1956 - 10/4/1957 ) - The tripartite aggression on Egypt
• 8 Years ( 5/6/1967 - 4/6/1975 ) - Following the 1967 war
• 3 Days ( 7/11/2005 - 9/11/2005 ) - when a vessel grounded at km 62
Suez Canal Authority
Traffic StatisticsTraffic Statistics Suez Canal Authority
1869 1956 2008
No of vessels 104 3 291 22 000
Net Ton 81 000 Ton 107 M. Ton 900 M. Ton
Toll Revenues FF 1.3 Million US$ 39 Million US$ 5 Billion
SC Share of World Seaborne Trade
10 %
Saving in Distance via SCSaving in Distance via SC
Via Cape 11 169 mile
Via SC6 436 mile
Rotterdam
Ras Tanura
Suez Canal Authority
From ToSaving
N. Miles %
Ras Tanura Lavera 966 57
Rotterdam 7334 42
Jeddah Pireas 8879 88
Singapore Rotterdam 6473 29
Traffic SystemTraffic System
• Three convoys / day ( 2 Southbound & 1 Northbound )
• Pilotage is compulsory in the Canal
( 4 Pilots are assigned for each ship throughout its trip
in the Canal )
• Permissible speed is 13 - 14 km / hr
• Time interval between vessels is 10-16 min or 2 - 3
km
• Average transit time is 12 - 15 hrs
N2
N1
S
Suez Canal Authority
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