Sudan Studies Postgraduate Conference ProgrammeAbdalla Mohamed & Ayman Elfadil Gasmelseed Abbas...

SudanStudiesPostgraduateConferenceProgramme

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ORGANISERS

SamanthaTipper&RennanLemos

VOLUNTEERS

KimberleyWatt

BryonySmerdon

EmmanuelHoiYatLam

SPONSORSHIP

ThomasMulveyEgyptologyFund,UniversityofCambridge

HMChadwickFund,UniversityofCambridge

ArchaeologyDepartmentFund,DurhamUniversity

CAROD,DurhamUniversity

SUPPORT

DepartmentofArchaeology,UniversityofCambridge

McDonaldInstituteforArchaeologicalResearch

SophiaKakemboatGoodCellLtd


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CONTENTS

PodiumPresentations 04

PosterPresentations 06

Abstracts:PodiumPresentations 07

Abstracts:PosterPresentations 12

Notes 15


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Pleasenotethattheconferenceschedulemaychange

8:30 REGISTRATION

9:00 OPENINGREMARKS

SESSIONONE

CHAIR: KateSpence(UniversityofCambridge)

9:10 KEYNOTELECTURE:ChristianKnoblauch(UniversityofVienna):FromtheColonisationofUronartitothePotsofAbydos:LessonsfromNubiaforUnderstanding“Egyptian”MaterialCulture

CHAIR ShadiaTaha(WolfsonCollege,Cambridge)

9:50 LorettaKilroe(UniversityofOxford):PilgrimFlasks:ChronologicalandCulturalTransformationsinNubiafromtheNewKingdomtotheNapatanPeriod

10:15 ElenaD’Itria(UniversityofNaples“L’Orientale”):UnderstandingtheKermaamulets:the

ladderandbaboonsamulet-beads 10:40 RennanLemos(UniversityofCambridge)ColonialassemblagesinNubiancemeteries.

11:15 COFFEE&POSTERS

SESSIONTWO

CHAIR: RennanLemos(UniversityofCambridge)

11:45 JulietSpedding(UniversityofLiverpool):IndianGlassinAncientNubia

12:10 Uroš Matić (Institut für Ägyptologie und Koptologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätMünster):Cosmeticaccessoriesin“diaspora”communitiesofNewKingdomNubia

12:35 Kate Fulcher (British Museum): Implications of pigments identified from Sudanese

archaeologicalsites

13:00 SiobhanShinn(UniversityofOxford):NubianGlypticfromA-GroupContextsinLowerNubia

13:25–14:30 LUNCH


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SESSIONTHREE

CHAIR: KimberleyWatt(UniversityofCambridge)

14:30 KEYNOTELECTURE:JayStock,MarielleBrownandJacobusJ.Saers(UniversityofCambridge):Bioarchaeologicalperspectivesonlong-termculturalandbehaviouralchangeinprehistoricSudan.

15:10 HibaBabiker(MaxPlanckInstitutefromtheScienceofHumanHistory):ThegeneticstructureofpopulationsfromSudanandSouthSudan:Recentsurveyandfutureoutlook.

15:35 FrancescoRega(UniversityofNaples,“L’Orientale”):Grindstonesfromgraves:anewpossiblefunerarycostumeintheGashDelta(EasternSudan)?

16:00 SamanthaTipper(DurhamUniversity):Islandversesmainland:AcomparativestudyofspinalpathologyinancientNubia.

16:25 COFFEE&POSTERS

SESSIONFOUR

CHAIR: HratchPapazian(UniversityofCambridge)

17:00 KEYNOTELECTURE:NealSpencer(BritishMuseum):‘Nuancingthe(pharaonic)Empire:insightsfromAmaraWest'

17:40 MartaKaczanowicz(UniversityofPoznań):NubiansinThebesRevisited

18:05 JulienCooper(UniversityofOxford):TheAtbaiWars:ThefirstsustainedconflictbetweenEgyptandthenomadsoftheEasternDesert

18:20 AhmedHamidNassr(UniversityofElNeelain,Sudan):MSAArchaeologyinSudan,definitionanddevelopmentfromtheeasterndesertoflowerAtbaraRiver

18:45 DISCUSSION:KateSpence(UniversityofCambridge)

18:55 CLOSINGREMARKS


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POSTERS

1. JördisVieth,(Ludwig-Maximilians-University,Munich):SettlementpatternsinNewKingdomNubia–TheEgyptiantempletowns.

2. EleonoraMinucci,(UniversityofNaples,“L’Orientale”):PaleopathologicaldataanalysisofthehumanskeletalremainsfromtheGashGroupCemeteryatMahalTeglinos(EasternSudan).

3. CarolinePartiot,DominiqueCastex,MarkGuillonandBrunoMaureille(UMR5199PACEA,Bordeaux,France;UniversitédeBordeaux,CNRS,Inrap):Biologicaldiversityandfunerarytreatmentsofperinates:the8B51ClassicKermanecropolisofSaïisland(AchChamaliya,Sudan)".

4. CorinneFeuillatre,JuliaBeaumont&HenryJackson,(UniversityofBradford)&FadilElamin,(UniversityofKhartoum):Isotopesandearlyreproductivelife:apilotstudyusingmodernSudaneseteeth.

5. MohamedElshabik(UniversityofBirmingham):TheQuestforDemocracy:TheRoleofSocialActivisminDemocratizationinanAuthoritariancontext–SudanCaseStudy.

6. KhalafAllahO.Salih,DavidC.Evans,RobertBussert,NicoleKlein,andJohannesMüller(AlNeelainUniversity,RoyalOntarioMuseum,UniversityofToronto,BerlinUniversity,UniversityofBonn):VertebratePaleontologyofSudan:Anoverview.

7. AbdallaMohamed&AymanElfadilGasmelseedAbbas(Bahrihospital,Khartoum,Sudan):Characteristics,managementandoutcomesforpatientsduringhospitalizationduetoatrialfibrillation,inAlShaabHospital,betweenFebruary2018andFebruary2019.


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ABSTRACTS:PODIUMPRESENTATIONSPilgrimFlasks:ChronologicalandCulturalTransformationsinNubiafromthe

NewKingdomtotheNapatanPeriodLorettaKilroe,(UniversityofOxford)[email protected]

Under Egyptian imperialistic ambitions against Nubia in the New Kingdom, the Egyptian state foundednumerous ‘colonial towns’ across the Nile Valley. These towns were built to an Egyptian plan, andcontained small amountsof Egyptianmigrants,whobroughtwith thema ‘culturalpackage’ topreservetheirwayoflife.Amongsuchitemswerepilgrimflasks.

This form was the only Egyptian vessel to be retained by Nubian peoples after the withdrawal of thecolonialstate,andremainedinusethroughtheNapatanandMeroiticperiods.Assuch,itisavaluablecasestudyforanalysingtherelationshipbetweenidentityandmaterialcultureinsuchmulti-dimensionalsites.

Inthispaper,IwillpresentanewpilgrimflasktypologyforNubia,developedduringmyPhDresearch,anditsdistributionpatternsacrosstheregion.ThisdatawillbepairedwithatheoreticalapproachtoexplorepotentialreasoningbehindtheabsorptionofthepilgrimflaskintoKushiteculture,withespecialrelevanceto the role of colonial towns in establishing the endomesis of a new, ‘entangled’ identity in Nubia. Inparticular, Iwilldiscuss theshort-term inclusionof coarselymanufacturedpilgrim flasksaspartof royalfuneraryrepertoiresintheearlyNapatanperiod.

UnderstandingtheKermaAmulets:theladderandbaboonsamulet-beadsElenaD’Itria,(UniversityofNaples“L’Orientale”),[email protected]

ThispaperdealswiththeamuletsoftheKermaculturecollectedduringtheexcavationsconductedbyG.A.ReisneratthesiteofKermaitself.ThesystematicgeneralstudyofthislargelyunpublishedgroupoffindswasthesubjectofmyPhDresearchproject.OneofthemoreintriguingresultsofthisresearchisthatthemajorityoftheKermaamulets,particularlytheschematicfaïenceamulet-beads,wereoftypesunknowninEgypt,andverylikelylocallymade.SomescholarshavesuggestedthatthelocalproductionoffaïenceinKermawasbasedonthereuseofimportedfaïence pieces fromEgypt, but on the contrary, Iwould propose that several elements support a localproductionoffaïenceandnotjustthere-workingofimportedobjects.Moreover,among themostcommonamulets in thecapital’s cemetery, some iconographies seemtobepeculiar to Kerma production and possibly reflect local beliefs. This may be the case of the amuletsrepresenting ladders and baboons, which were locally made as shown by the fact that they are verydifferent fromtheEgyptianones. Itwillbe shown that these typesofamulet-beadsmaybeconnectedwith the solar cult, which was probably a crucial element of the Kerma beliefs. Noteworthy, theimportanceofthesuninthereligionofKermaisalsoconfirmedbyseveralotherelements.


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ColonialAssemblagesinNubianCemeteriesRennanLemos,(UniversityofCambridge),[email protected]

Thispaperaimstoaddress,basedonmaterialcomingfromNubiancemeteries,howEgyptiancolonialismtookplaceandtheroleofmaterialcultureinthecreationofotherstrategiesofdifferentiation.Theideaifto address how objects materialize classes between competing social models, which generate newentanglesmeanings.

IndianGlassinAncientNubiaJulietSpedding,(UniversityofLiverpool),[email protected]

EvenwithinSudanesestudies,AncientNubianglasswareisanunder-examinedareaofresearch.Myworkuses scientific analysis to identify raw materials and production techniques of Nubian-provenancedglassware from the Meroitic Period (c.400BC-c.AD400) and X-Group (c.AD400-600). This analysis hasindicatedthatmanydifferenttypesofglasswerepresentinNubia,implyingthatatleastsomehadbeentraded over great distances. Most notably, previously published analysis of glass objects from India[KanungoandBrill,2009]andSouthEastAsia[LanktonandDussubieux,2006]hasenabledmeforthefirsttimeto identifycertaincolouredglass fromtheLowerNubiansiteofFarasasaknowntypeofSEAsianorigin.MyidentificationoftheoriginofthiscolouredglassbegsthequestionofhowitmighthavetravelledfromIndiatoendupinachild’sgraveinNubia.ItalsoraisesquestionsaboutwhatproportionofglassobjectsfoundintheNearEastandtheMediterraneanoriginatedinIndiaandwhatelse(ideas,customs,traditions)mighthavetravelledwithsuchitemsandwhatinfluencesuchinteractionsmighthavehad.

CosmeticAccessoriesin“Diaspora”CommunitiesofNewKingdomNubia

UrošMatić,(MunsterUniversity),[email protected]

This paperwill present the first results of a PostDoc project dealingwith embodied lives and ideals ofbeauty in New Kingdom Nubia. Through the study of cosmetic substances and utensils this projectinvestigatesbodilycarein“diaspora”communities.Theobjectswhichcanbeclassifiedascosmeticutensilsare: cosmetic jarswhichoriginally containedointments,palettes for grindingmakeup, kohl applicators,theircasesandtubes,kohlpots,hairpins,combs,wiginstruments,variousrazors,tweezersandmirrors.During the New Kingdom these cosmetic utensils are found both on sites in Egypt and Nubia allowingmutualcomparisonofobjectsandtheircontextsinbothregions.TheaimofthisprojectistoinvestigateifthereisevidencefordifferentusageofcosmeticaccessoriesondifferentEgyptianandNubiansitesandifthiscanberelatedtovariouslocalidentitypractices.


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ImplicationsofpigmentsidentifiedfromSudanesearchaeologicalsitesKateFulcher,(BritishMuseum),[email protected]

A largenumber of pigment studies onobjects, tombs and temples fromancient Egypt havedefined anEgyptian “palette”, which has fairly recently been expanded as new scientific techniques have becomeavailable. However, the ability to export samples from Sudan has allowed a more in-depth study ofpigments from four sites that identified additional pigments. This suggests that the accepted Egyptianpalettecouldbeevenfurtherexpanded.Thedifferinggeologicalandculturalcontexts inNubiamayalsohave led to the introduction of alternative pigments. The identification of a novel pigment at KawasuggeststhattheEgyptianstyleiconographyusedbythe25thDynastypharaohswasculturallyadaptedinavariety of ways, including painting technology. The specific uses of two visually indistinguishable blackpigments,carbonandbitumen,atAmaraWest,providesevidenceforthefarreachoftraderoutesacrosstheregionatthistimeperiodandtheextenttowhicheffortsweremadetousethe“correct”materialforcertaintasks,namelythoserelatedtofunerarypractices.

NubianGlypticfromAGroupContextsinLowerNubia

SiobhanShinn,(OxfordUniversity),[email protected]

Glyptichascaughtandheldtheattentionofarchaeologistsandarthistoriansaroundtheworld.Ithastheability to fascinate our minds and pleasure our sensibilities as well as to contribute to scholarlyunderstandingofart,administrationandinterregionalinteraction.Thus,ithasbecomeanintegralpartofanalysesoftheancientworld.NubianA-Groupglypticshouldhavethesesameabilities;however, theyhavenotbeenrealizedbecausethis glyptic has been rarely, and never fully, discussed. One reason for this is that it has been poorlypublished.AsecondreasonisthatithasoftenbeenanalyzedinconjunctionwithEgyptianglypticfromthesameperiods.Suchanalysesemphasize thesimilarities rather than thedifferencesbetweenNubianandEgyptian glyptic, and thus create a perspective on their relationship that diminishesNubian glyptic andincorrectlyestablishesuniformityamongtheirglyptic.Itisthegoalofthispapertocorrectthatperspective.Init,IwillfirstreexaminetheentirecorpusofNubianA-Groupglyptic,integratingsixexamplesnotpreviouslyconsideredintomyanalysis,andthencompareittoEgyptianglypticfromthesameperiods.ThiswillhopefullyshedlightontheroleNubianglypticplayedintheart,administrationandinterregionalinteractionsduringtheA-Groupperiod.

TheGeneticStructureofPopulationsfromSudanandSouthSudan:RecentSurveyandFutureOutlookHibaBabiker,(MaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofHumanHistory)[email protected]

Studiesofhumanpopulationhistoryarebecomingripeforexploringourpastregardingpopulationoriginsanddivergences, migrations, diffusions, assimilation and demographic history. Sudan and South Sudan areinsufficiently represented in aDNAprojects. FocusingonaDNA from themostexcitingarchaeological sites in


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theregionwillrevealthehistoryandmigrationroutesofthepopulationsinthepast.Also,itwillfillthebiggapin genetic studies that remained poorly covered in the last decades. Hence, there is a need for datasetscoveringthegenomicdiversityintheregionfromancientandmoderndata.Recentfindingsfromgenome-widedata representing modern people of Sudan and South Sudan highlighted the genetic structure and thedemographic events that shaped their genomes. The survey showed evidence of long-term migration intoSudan, supporting previous findings on movements along the River Nile. It also pointed to the limitedmovementsintoSouthSudan,indicatinglong-termisolationandpopulationsubstructure.MytalkwillexplorethegeneticstructureofmodernSudaneseandSouthSudanesepopulations,andwilldiscusstheimportanceofpresent-dayandancientdata indepictingthecomplexgenetichistoriestoanswer long-standingquestions inthehumanhistory.

GrindstonesfromGraves:ANewPossibleFuneraryCostumeintheGashDelta(EasternSudan)?FrancescoMicheleRega,PhD.student,UniversityofNaples,“L’Orientale”,[email protected]

During the 2017 archeologicalmission of the ItalianArchaeological Expedition to the Eastern Sudan (IAEES),directed by Prof. Manzo, some complete grindstones and other macro-lithic tools were found directlyassociatedwith thebodies insidea funerarycontext inMahalTeglinos (K1),Kassala.These tools,whichdatebacktotheGashGroupperiod(mid-3rd-early2ndmill.BCE),couldbeaprecioustestimonyofanewpossiblefunerarycostumeinthisarea,perhapsalsotestifiedbyafragmentofagrindstonefoundinsideagraveduringthe 1987 archaeological expedition, directed by Prof. Fattovich. Furthermore, they are also an importantexampleofthetypologicaldevelopmentofthelithicequipmentduringthemainagro-pastoralphase.

IslandversesMainland:AComparativeStudyofSpinalPathologyinAncientNubia.SamanthaTipper,(DurhamUniversity),[email protected]

A comprehensive study of spinal disease, has not yet been achieved for pastNubian populations, eventhough it can potentially tell us much about the health, welfare, and occupational and environmentalstresses faced in ancient Nubia. This research presents a comparative study of spinal health, providingbioarchaeologicalresultsfrom515individuals,fromfivepopulations,datingfromtheMeroitic(300BC)totheMedievalperiod(AD1500).Individualsincludedinthisstudywerefromtwoislandsites;Hesa(n=60)andMisIsland(n=157),andthreemainlandsites;SemnaSouth(n=192),Gabati(n=80)andlastlySobaEast(n=26).Fivespinalpathologieswerestudied,thesewerespinalfractures,spondylolysis,Schmorl’sNodes,osteoarthritis and Clay shoveler fractures. A bio-cultural approach was used to interpret results, usingcontextual data from settlements and cemeteries. Preliminary results demonstrate an overall trueprevalencerateof(8.6%)forosteoarthritis,(3%)forSchmorl’sNodes,(1.4%)forSpondylolysisand(0.6%)forfractures,whilenocasesofClayshovelerfractureswereobserved.Overall,therewasanincreaseinallpathologies over time,with the highest prevalence rates observed in theMedieval period, aswell as amuchhigherprevalenceamongislandpopulationsforeachpathology,comparedtomainlandpopulations.

NubiansinThebesRevisitedMartaKaczanowicz(UniversityPoznań),[email protected]

ThepresenceofNubiannewcomersinThebesduringthe25thdynastyisoftenacknowledgedinliterature.


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ThefrequentlycitedexamplesofKushites inEgyptaretheNubianprincesses,theGod’sWivesofAmun.Except for them, however, only several other persons of Kushite descent have been identified inarchaeologicalmaterialsofar.Inmypresentation,IwillattempttodemonstrateseveralaspectsofThebanfunerary archaeology, which may prove useful in determining the origin of the dead buried in thenecropolisduringthelateVIIIandearlyVIIcenturyBC.

TheAtbaiWars:TheFirstSustainedConflictbetweenEgyptandtheNomadsoftheEasternDesertJulienCooper,(OxfordUniversity),[email protected]

At the beginning of the New Kingdom, after having reconquered Lower Nubia and vanquished theKushites,theEgyptianstatesetaboutadministeringtheirnewNubianprovinces.SeriousthreatstoEgypt’shegemony innewlyacquiredNubiaaregenerally considered tohave comeonly from rebelliousKushiteelitesorthepolityofIrem.ButinLowerNubiaandthedesertsbeyond,thereremainedanelusivefoethatrepetitivelyharassedtheEgyptiansforoveracentury–thenomadsoftheEasternDesert.Thesenomadshad theirhome in theAtbai, the regionbetween theNileand theRedSea, a labyrinthof rocky ravinespunctuatedbygoldmines,acaciaforests,andmountainwells.ThispaperwillanalyseaseriesofEgyptiantextsandarchaeologicalsourcesinthe18thDynastyandmakeacaseforasustainedandundocumentednewwarbetweentheEgyptianstateandthenomads,‘theAtbaiWars’.AnanalysisofthesourcesrevealsthatthenomadscontinuallyraidedtheLowerNubiaandplunderedgrainstores,whileEgyptiansreactedwithviolentreprisalraidsintothedesert.AtstakeinthiswarwastheterritorialintegrityofLowerNubiaandgoldsupplytoEgypt,andthesovereigntyandpasturingrightsofthenomads.

MSAArchaeologyinSudan,DefinitionandDevelopmentfromtheEasternDesertofLowerAtbaraRiver.

Dr.AhmedHamidNassr,UniversityofElNeelain,DepartmentofArchaeology,Khartoum,[email protected]

Thediscoveriesof Paleolithic sites in the southeastAfrica encouraged the archaeologyof prehistory innortheastAfricatotestuntouchedregionstounderstandAfricanpastandtheculturestransition.

Sincethe1940’smanyEarlyandMiddlePaleolithicsiteshavebeendiscovered,andmoststudiesfocusonthesites locationandartifact typology.MSAarchaeology inmostof thesestudies is comparedwith theearlierdiscoveriesinnorthernSudanandthewesterndesert.

This paper discusses the terminology and definition ofMSA in Sudan from the new discoveries in theeasterndesertofLowerAtbaraRiver.GISsitesdistribution,Stonetools,bonesfromsitessurfacesandtestpithavebeenused.Thesitessetting,sizeandstoneartifactaccumulationonthesurfaceshowdifferentMSAarchaeology.Thedata collected late2016and2017, showuniqueMSAdata similar to theMSA innortheastAfricainsomecharacteristicsanddifferent inother,whichindicatesofotherconnectionwithsoutheastAfrica.


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ABSTRACTSFORPOSTERSSettlementPatternsinNewKingdomNubia–TheEgyptianTempleTowns

JördisVieth,(Ludwig-Maximilians-University)[email protected]

TheposterwillpresentpartofthepreliminaryresultsofmyongoingPhD-thesis,whichdealswiththeso-calledtempletowns,builtbytheEgyptians inthecourseoftheconquestofEgypt’ssouthernneighbourNubia during the lateBronzeAge, the timeof theNewKingdom.These very specific settlementsweresuccessively erectedover a timeof 400 years andwere locatedover anareaof approximately500 km.Focal point of theposterwill be to show their distribution anddevelopment over time and spaceon ameso (single settlements) andmacro (settlement system) scale and how this influenced the urban andcultural landscapes ofNubia. As the reasons for the foundations of the temple towns and their chosenlocationsrespectivelyarestillamatterofdiscussionspecificattentionwillbegivento thesurveyof thehinterlandsandsurroundingenvironmentsofexemplifiedsites.Ashortoverviewoftheappliedmethods(e.g. GIS analyses, social aspects of architecture) and some preliminary results will lead to potentialexplanations and shed some light on the mutual influencing relationship between humans and theirenvironment.

PaleopathologicalDataAnalysisoftheHumanSkeletalRemainsfromtheGashGroupCemeteryatMahalTeglinos(EasternSudan)

EleonoraMinucci,(UniversityofNaples,“L’Orientale”,[email protected]

In the2015 the IAEES (ItalianArchaeologicalExpedition to theEasternSudan),directedbyProf.AndreaManzo, resumedexcavations in thewesternnecropolis atMahal Teglinos (siteK1),nearKassala,whereextensiveexcavationsalreadytookplacein1994-1995underthedirectionofProf.RodolfoFattovich.Thiscontribution is focusing on the osteo-dental remains from the Gash Group tombs (early 3rd – early 2ndmillenniumB.C.)examinedthereuntil2017.Theaimoftheanalysis istogiveafirstcontributionintheperspectiveofabiologicalstudyfortheGashGrouppeople.Inthisframework,paleopathologicalanalysisoftheskeletalsampleswereundertakenandtheypreliminary resultswill bepresentedhere. Indeed, theevidencesofbonesalterations (focusingoninfectious diseases, degenerative joint disease and osteoarthritis, enthesopathy changes, trauma) aresubmittedtoprovideinformationabouthealth,lifestyleanddietofthegroup.


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BiologicalDiversityandFuneraryTreatmentsofPerinates:the8B51ClassicKermaNecropolisofSaïisland(AchChamaliya,Sudan)

CarolinePartiotabDominiqueCastexac,MarkGuillonad,BrunoMaureilleac(a:UMR5199PACEA,Bordeaux,France;b:

UniversitédeBordeaux,France;c:CNRS;d:Inrap),[email protected]

Excavations of a Classic Kerma necropolis on the island of Saï between 1996 and 2001 revealed a sitededicatedtochildren.Despitetheabundanceofstudiesdealingwiththebiologicalvariabilityofadult,alackofinformationstillexistsonthetopicofosteologicaldiversityofindividualswhodiedaroundthebirth(fetus,stillbirths,perinates),aswellasonage-relatedburialpracticesduringSudanantiquity.Theaimofthisstudyistoproduceaprecisebiologicalanalysisofindividualsdeceasedduringtheperinatalperiodinorder to question their diversity andmorbidity, and to provide hypothesis on the social status and thefunerarytreatmentsofsuchageclass,relativelytoimmatureindividualswhosurvivedlonger.Metricalandnon-metricaldatawerecollectedon54subjectsandcomparedtothoseof62individualsfromtwoFrenchmedieval sites.Our results support thehypothesisofabiologicallyhomogeneousSaïgroup,withahighfrequency of cervical rib that could be correlated with potentially life-threatening developmentalanomalies. Observations on the funerary treatments showed that particular care was took even forindividualswhodiedquicklyafterbirth.

IsotopesandEarlyReproductiveLife:APilotStudyUsingModernSudaneseTeethCorinneFeuillatre,JuliaBeaumont&HenryJackson,(UniversityofBradford)&FadilElamin,(UniversityofKhartoum).

C.M.M.Feuillatre@bradford.ac.ukReproductionpatternsofpastpopulationshavethepotentialtoinformdemographic,health,culturalandnutritional studies.Unfortunately, no satisfactory indicators exist to detect puberty or parity in skeletalremains.Nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in human tissues are routinely used to inform on the diet andenvironmentofindividuals.Isotoperatiosarealsoaffectedbymetabolicallyunbalancedstatesengenderedbyrapidgrowth,gestation,diseaseornutritionalstress.This study aims to assess the potential of incremental dentine collagen isotope ratio analysis for thereconstructionofreproductivelifeduringadolescenceandearlyadulthood.Incrementaldentinenitrogenand carbon isotope ratios from the teeth of modern Sudanese individuals with obstetric histories andwhoselifestylesareanalogoustopastpopulationsareanalysed.Theresultshighlightapotentialpubertyisotopicsignal,withthepotentialtodefinethestartoffecundityanddifferentiate sexes. Isotopic signatures characteristicof gestationarealsoobservedandcorrespondwiththeexpectedreproductivepatternsofmodernSudanesepopulations.Thestudyalsoshowsdifferingpost-partumisotopesignals,whichmayinformoninfantfeedingpracticesandmaternalnutritionalstatus.Thus,thisstudydemonstratesthepotentialofincrementaldentineisotopeanalysisforthereconstructionofreproductivelifeintoearlyadulthoodinskeletalremains.


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TheQuestforDemocracy:TheRoleofSocialActivisminDemocratizationinanAuthoritariancontext–

SudanCaseStudyMohamedElshabik(UniversityofBirmingham),[email protected]

ThisstudyfocusesonsocialactivismintheauthoritariancontextofSudananditspotentialcontributiontoSudan’s democratization and the realization of National Unity. The research examines the concept ofthriving social activism through its social capital and civil society elements as a prerequisite fordemocratization.Thisinvolvesexaminingthenarrativeofdemocracyanddemocratization,Sudan’ssocialactivismsphereandhistoryofpatchydemocratic transitions, social capitalandcivil societyand the roleplayed by social movements and social activism actors during the Arab Spring Revolutions. This studyarguesthatdespitethemanychallengesfacingthesocialactivismsphere,thereisdefinitelyvigoroussocialactivisminSudanwithastrongdemocraticnaturethatassiduouslyandtirelesslystrivesforalargersocialand political role in the endeavor to build National Unity and stage the phase for democratization.Notwithstandingtheseefforts,theSudanauthoritarianregimeremainsentrenchedandtheroleofsocialactivismisyettopaydividendsinitsquestfordemocratization.

VertebratePaleontologyofSudan:AnoverviewKhalafAllahO.Salih1,DavidC.Evans2,3,RobertBussert4,NicoleKlein5,andJohannesMüller6

(1,FacultyofPetroleumandMinerals,AlNeelainUniversity,Khartoum,Sudan,2,DepartmentofNaturalHistory,RoyalOntarioMuseum,3,DepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofToronto,4,TechnischeUniversitätBerlin,5,Steinmann

Institute,DivisionofPaleontology,UniversityofBonn,6MuseumfürNaturkunde,Leibniz-InstitutfürEvolutions-undBiodiversitätsforschunganderHumboldt-UniversitätzuBerlin),[email protected]

Vertebratepaleontology,thestudyofancientbackbonedcreaturesthatwereexisteddeepintime(3.8BA–12,000years), ispoorlyknown inSudanalthoughtheoccurrenceof fossilmaterial innorthcentralandeast Sudan. This because of the ignorance and lack of the trained people. The occurrence of fossilvertebrates in the Upper Cretaceous of northcentral Sudan, namely Wadi Milk, Shendi and Kababishformations,isknownsince1990s.Thevertebratefaunaofthevertebrate-bearinglocalitiesiscomposedoffossilmicro-andmacrovertebrates,includingaquatic(e.g.,bonyfishes,lungfishes,amphibians,crocodiles,turtles)andterrestrialelements(e.g.,dinosaurs,snakes).Althoughfossilmaterialfromtheseunitsiswell-preservedandlocallyabundant,thefaunashavenotbeendescribedindetail,exceptforthepublicationswhichcameoutasaresultofrecentpaleontologicalexpeditions2011-2014(jointcollaborationbetweentheMuseum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany, the Royal OntarioMuseum, Toronto, Canada and the AlNeelainUniversityinKhartoum,Sudan).Theresultsoftheseexpeditionsrepresentasignificantextensionof thepreviousknowledgeof this regionandhasuncoveredahighdiversityof fossil vertebrate faunas,manyofwhichhave yet tobedescribed.Also, thenew findings add significant information to the LateCretaceous vertebrate fauna of northeast Africa, and northern Gondwana in general. Geologically, thevertebrate-bearing localities are among themost relevant sites from the Late Cretaceous of northeastAfrica. Theywere deposited in an extensive coastal plain (including floodplains) in which river systemsinfluencedbytidalactivityandfloodplainswithlakesandpondsandwithdensevegetationexisted.


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Beside the Late Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from northcentral Sudan, Pleistocene fluvial successionwhichisextensivelyexposedinthekarib(badlands)areaalongtheAtbarariverfromKhashmElGirbatoHalfaAl Jadida,hasyieldeddiversematerialofhippos,elephants,severalbovids,equids,suids,giraffids,crocodiles,andturtles.Thefossilassemblagessuggesttheoccurrenceofagrasslandsavannahcrossedbystreamswithawiderangeofdischarges.ThefossilmaterialfromSudanfillsanimportantgapinunderstandingoftheLateCretaceousandCenozoicdiversity in Africa, and underscores the potential of the eastern Sahara for important Mesozoic andCenozoicfossildiscoveries.Characteristics,ManagementandOutcomesforPatientsduringHospitalisationduetoAtrialFibrillation,

inAlShaabHospital,betweenFebruary2018andFebruary2019AbdallaMohamed&AymanElfadilGasmelseedAbbas(Bahrihospital,Khartoum,Sudan),[email protected]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, affecting about 0.9% of the generalpopulation,andtheprevalenceofAF isexpectedto increasedramaticallyoverthenext fewDecades. InSudan there isn’t enough specialized cardiac centers to guard against thismajor public health problem.Therefore more scientific data are required. This is a prospective cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based-studyof all patientswithatrial fibrillationadmitted to theCardiologydepartmentat theAlShaabTeachingHospitalfromFebruary2018toFebruary2019.

The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors, the demographical and clinico-pathologicalcharacteristics of patient with AF in Sudanese patients. In addition, the study will aim to verify theeffectiveness of standard protocol of AFmanagement on Sudanese patients focusing including types oforalanticoagulant.Moreover,theincidenceofstroke,mortalityandreadmissionwillberecorded.Accordingtoliteraturewefoundthatthebesttooltoidentifypatients’characteristics,managementandoutcomeofatrialfibrillationisself-reportingquestionnaire.Byconductingthisstudyweexpecttoenrichthe current knowledge of atrial fibrillation that could improve the clinical outcome of the disease.Furthermore, it will reveal the Sudanese patients characteristics, the different presentations andcomorbidities.


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NOTES


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Sudan Studies Postgraduate Conference ProgrammeAbdalla Mohamed & Ayman Elfadil Gasmelseed Abbas...

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Transcript of Sudan Studies Postgraduate Conference ProgrammeAbdalla Mohamed & Ayman Elfadil Gasmelseed Abbas...