Sudan climate change impacts

SUDAN Climate Change IMPACTS

Ammar H. BashirMinistry of Agriculture & Irrigation

Mohammed H. KabbashiMinistry of Agriculture, Animal

Resources & Irrigation

SUDAN 3/26/2015 1SUDAN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

3/26/2015 2SUDAN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

Climate change is a phenomenon trapping greenhouse gases which:

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Nitrous oxide

In the atmosphere and not to leakage leading to a rise in Earth's surface temperature is known as global warming or the greenhouse gases.

Ministry of Environment & Urbanization Development (EUD)

– Federal Level

High Council for Environmental & Natural Resources (HCENR) –

Federal Level

18 (HCENR) – States Level


Depth of poverty. lack of different sources of income. lack of agricultural inputs.Weak Resource Management. Impoverish the soil agriculture repeated. Fragility of the land for water resources. Poor soil fertility. Desertification. Conflict over natural resources. Lack of extension services. Displacement of communities. Poor health services.

1- High temperature of the atmosphere and Earth's temperature.2- Sea level rise.3-An increase in the incidence and severity, abnormal weather phenomena such as droughts and floods reflected negatively on food security, and an abundance of fresh water, loss of biodiversity, health and human settlements.

Developing countries, the poor overall dependence on natural resources and the limited ability to adapt according to the World Resources Institute 2005 - The Wealth of the Poor.

Africa is one of the continent most vulnerable to climate change because:

Lack of ability to adapt to the end of the 21st century will affect sea rise in the island states, coastal and low-lying areas will see the coral reefs and mangrove decrease. Also will see the belt from Senegal to Sudan severe drought cycles and decrease in river water.

Sudan is one of the main areas affected by climate change ratio environmental regime fragile, weak environmental infrastructure and economic, the vast majority of the territory of Sudan sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation as food security determines the rate of rainfall and more than 70% of Sudan's population depends directly on the resources sensitive to the climate of livelihood.

Arid and semi Arid-: located in north and center of the country and represent more than 50% of the total. area

Savannah system (clay): characteristics of this system and the lack of rain, we find that the clay soil is a tyrant and represent 5% .

Savannah system (sand): rain in this system are also a few dominate the sandy soil and represents only 3%.

The scope of malaria in Sudan

Southern system threatened by floods: These areas 3% of the total area.

Sudan climate zones

ABH

ABN

AQQ

ARB

ARM

ATB

BAR

BNS

DMZ

DNG

DUM

NSR

FSH

GDF

GEN

HAL

HAS

HDB

HLG

JUB

KDG

KHA

KHW

KRM

KSL

KST

KUR

MLK

NHD

NYL

OBD

PSD

RAG

RNKRSH

SNR

SHW

SHM

SHN

TKR

TOR

UMB

WAU

WHF

WMD

NAG

MAR

PIB

8.00YAM

KAP

22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

DESERT

SEMI-DESERT

DRY

SEMI-DRY

SUB-HUMID

HUMID


Sudan Rain fall


Stockholm Conference on June 5, 1972 Earth's environment

The natural and the social and economic.

Concept of sustainable development (Sustainable development).

The aim of this agreement to reduce green houses gases in range that increase its harmful impact at global climate, Sudan was Signature

Developed a private environment, such as theFramework Convention on Climate Change andthe Convention on Biological DiversityConvention to Combat Desertification inaddition to the adoption of the first centuryagenda and twenty agreements (Agenda 21),which aims to achieve sustainable developmentand improve the lives of people without thedepletion of the resource base.

It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ofindustrialized nations rates and help developingcountries in the areas of sustainabledevelopment has entered into force onFebruary 16, 2005 has ended Firth firstcommitment at 31-12=2012, the second periodbeginning in 01-January -2013

Natural Resources

(1) Forest

1976 584 362 Km 2 (23%) area of Sudan,

1980 559 326 km2,

Now 300 697 km2 (12% ) area of Sudan).

o Lack of integrated management of natural resources.

o Agricultural expansion.

o Fluctuating climatic conditions and the lack of rain and the recurrence of drought.

o Cutting of trees for the purpose of coal production and furniture.

Sudan environment characterized by the diversity of rich and vital, but is under some pressures, such as: Shortages in some plant and animal speciessome species are threatened with extinction. Decreased endemic species such as medical and aromatic plants. Competition exotic species of crops and trees. Genetically modified organisms (impending) threat.

Representing 46% of exports (Cotton, Sesame, peanut, livestock, and Gum Arabic), which is distributed over the traditional and modern sectors.

From the traditional rain-fed sector is characterized by low production rates associated with fluctuating rainfall and distribution.

Irrigated sector intensify the use of production inputs of pesticides and other chemicals to fertilize the failure of multiple environmental problems.

Horizontal expansion of agriculture to compensate for the weakness of the production was on forests and pastures account due to lack of land-use plan.

Increasing the amount of mechanized farming in the east, west and center of the country reduced the shepherds paths.

Observed in Gum Arabic belt Palace land fallow periods reflected negatively on the stability of Acacia trees.

Estimated area of rangelands in the country close to 100 million hectares, which graze livestock estimated 140 million head, and this sector represents 22% of national income.

Land degradation as a result of the increase in population due to displacement.

The impact of the lack of vegetation on the ability of pasture to accommodate the number of animals.

Fire and high temperature levels (Water and pasture).

The movement of nomadic herders and under the lack of grazing areas (the tensions and frictions between the tribes).

Available annually in Sudan Km3,

Sudan's share of the Nile waters 20.5Km3,

sewage is Nilotic 5.5 Km3.

Renewable groundwater 4 Km3.

Total : 30.5 Billion M3.

• Associated with multiple environmental situation diseases such as malaria.

• Is expected to increase the incidence of the sun strikes as a result of high temperature.

• Exchange rate low on the health sector does not exceed 3.5% of national income.

• The proportion of the probability of life of a person 55years.

Impacts of Health:• Displacement and the expansion of slums that lack the basic

necessities of life in which the disease spreads.• High rate of pollution and health problems associated with• The low level of life in the slums and the accumulation of

waste and waste.3/26/2015 28SUDAN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

o Drought in Sudan risks

o Traditional subsistence agriculture about 80% of the citizens on grain production and livestock breeding as the most important sources of living.

Sectors Fragile areasRepetitionEvent

Agriculture, water resources, animal and health

North and west of Sudan (North Kordofan and Darfur), Kassala State and some parts of rain-fed agriculture in central Sudan

FrequentDrought

Agriculture, water resources, animal and health

Nile Basin and low land areas of the south to the north and the mountains of the Red Sea

FrequentFloods

Transportation(Air and ground)

Mid and northern SudanFarming areas in each country

FrequentDust storms

AviationNorthern areas of central Sudan and Red Sea StateCentral and north-central Sudan

Non - FrequentWind Storm

Identify attributes system and quick to adapt to the necessary initiatives. Recommendations specify a broader scope adaptation activities such as capacity building, policy reform and coordination between institutions. Contraindications to the application of the results of the National Action Plan to adapt to climate change. The political will and commitment is an essential requirement if we are to implement the national plan of action to adapt to climate change. That necessarily means raising environmental awareness among policymakers and introduce them to the risks associated with climate change size.

The capacity for organizations and individuals alike are very weak at both provincial and national levels it must be supported and strengthened if we are to achieve the desired benefits from the application of the National Action Plan to adapt to climate change. A lack of funding and lack of fit with the local and global levels, the proposed project threatens the failure of implementation of the proposed major themes in the national plan of action to adapt to climate size. The rules are complaining of acute and persistent poverty with the deterioration in the health conditions of deepening vulnerability to climate change. The weak and poor roads and long distances may cause deportation outweigh the cost of activities in the majority of regions that suffer from fragility expenses.

The activities and adaptation needs have been identified as follow: Eligibility forest and rangeland management and rehabilitation. Replace the herds of goats herds of sheep to rationalize the exploitation of marginal pastures. Reduce pressure on forests using Mud in construction with finding alternative energy. Change the use of the land to be used for livestock rather than crop production. Strengthening the agricultural extension services and veterinary with the necessary training. The introduction of varieties of drought-resistant seeds, poultry and fish production. Forest farming in areas that have been undressing of the trees that have been used in the construction or firewood fire. Develop an early warning system for droughts even take appropriate preparations. Providing extension services to strengthen the capacity of small-scale farmers. The protection and maintenance of grassland farming protective belts to reduce the negative impact of the storms.

Adaptation Projects

27 projects:

Four project in desert area.

Seven in semi desert area.

Eight in clay savanna.

Eight in sand savanna.

Cultivation map according crop water requirement, available water and sawing date. 3/26/2015

Cultivate early maturity varieties.

Cultivate tolerance and hybrid varieties.

By low farmers must planting 10% of area as forest.

Applying water harvest techniques.

Free Malaria medicine distribution.

Distribute sleeping net to protect against anopheles attack.

To facilitate adaptation of agriculture to climate change, policymakers should:

1. Promote the development and testing of new agricultural technologies (such as drought- and heat stress-resistant high-yield varieties and hybrids) and improved water harvesting and management techniques to enhance productivity;

2. Promote an active agricultural extension service that is integrated with agricultural research institutions to transfer these technologies to farmers;

3.Establish early warning systems to collect and analysis weather data in a timely manner;4. Improve institutional partnerships, coordination, and collaboration for effective long-term adaptation strategies; and 5. Work with vulnerable communities at the local level, applying a bottom-up approach to project planning.


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GRACIAS POR SU ATENCIÓN


Sudan climate change impacts

Environment

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