SUBTITLING TECHNIQUE AND EQUIVALENCE ON THE

DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING BY STUDENTS OF IAIN

SURAKARTA IN AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION CLASS

THESIS

Submitted to the Department of Language Studies, Graduate School of

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta as partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree of Master of Education

Written by:

MUHAMMAD FAUZAN AMINUDIN

S200160049

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2018

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MOTTO

بَانِ ِ آَََلِء َرب ُِكَما تَُكذ ِ فَبِأَي

“Which Favours of your Lord would you deny?”

(QS. Ar Rahman 55:27)

Every knowledge needs sincerity and huge efforts

(Bapak M. Dian Nafi)

Take and Do it. The result would not be able deny your best efforts

(Writer)

Life is like riding bike. To keep your balance, you must keep moving

(Albert Einstein)

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DEDICATION

I proudly dedicate this thesis especially for:

His father, Muhammad Musthofa

His mother, Nur Fadhilah Istiqomah

His sisters, Muftichatul Ngulya Musthofa, Amalia Nurul Fatimah

His nephew, Al Hikam Muhammad Reza

Bapak M. Dian Nafi

Ibuk Murtafiah Mubarokah

Ayah Daryanto Al Hafidz and Ibuk Laily

Dik Sifa and Alya

Muslimin’s familiy and Karso Suwito’s Family

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ABSTRAK

Muhammad Fauzan Aminudin. S200160049. Tehnik dan Kesamaan dalam Subtitle

Untuk Tuna Rungu dan Gangguan Pendengaran oleh Mahasiswa IAIN Surakarta di

Kelas Audio Visual Translation. Tesis. Magister Pengkajian Bahasa. Pascasarjana.

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum dan Dr. Anam

Sutopo, M.Hum. 2018.

Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini terfokus dalam ranah penerjemahan, secara

khusunya pada subtitle. Di era moderen ini, banyak infromasi sangat dibutuhkan dan

semestinya dapat diterima maupun diakses oleh semua orang tnpa membedakan baik

mereka yang dengan mudah maupun sulit dalam mengakses informasi. Subtitle

Untuk Tuna Rungu dan Gangguan Pendengaran disebut dengan SDH adalah salah

satu cabang dari penerjemahan yang terpusat pada pembaca sasaran tertentu,

khususnya bagi mereka yang kesulitan mengakses infrormasi melalui suara.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengelompokkan tehnik penerjemahan dari

bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa dalam

menterjemahkan tugas SDH, 2) Mendeskripsikan aspek keakuratan dari bahasa

Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa dalam menterjemahkan

tugas SDH. 3) mendeskripsikan aspek keberterimaan, serta 4) mendeskripsikan aspek

keterbacaan. Data SDH yang terfokus pada tehnik penerjemahan dianalisis dengan

teori Molina dan Albir sedangkan dalam menganalisis kesamaan menggunakan teori

Nababan. Penelitian ini menggunakan open ended questionnaire yang melibatkan

penderita gangguan pendengaran untuk menilai aspek keterbacaan dan expert

judgment untuk menguji tehnik dan kesamaan yang ditemukan dalam tugas SDH.

Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada 13 tehnik ditemukan, yang mana tehnik yang

sering digunakan adalah amplifikasi dengan persentase 35.35%. Tehnik amplifikasi

digunakan oleh mahasiswa ketika membuat subtitle untuk membantu dan

memudahkan penonton dan pembaca yang kurang dalam mengakses infromsi via

suara. Hasil kedua menunjukan bahwa 207 data SDH dibuat oleh mahasiswa IAIN

Surakarta diklasifikasikan sebagai penerjemahan yang akurat, sedangkan dalam ranah

keberterimaan, 175 data termasuk kedalam subtitle yang berterima serta 161 data

diklasifikasikan sebagai subtitle yang mudah dibaca. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan

bahwa, hasil secara keseluruhan dalam konteks kesamaan penerjemahan digolongkan

kedalam penerjemahan yang baik meskipun penelitian ini belum bisa memberikan

hasil tentang bagaimana membangun emosi dalam subtitle sebagaimana aspek dari

keterbacaan.

Kata Kunci: Subtitle, Tehnik, Kesamaan, SDH, Audio Visual Translation

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ABSTRACT

Muhammad Fauzan Aminudin. S200160049. Subtitling Technique and

Equivalence on the Deaf and Hard Hearing by Students of IAIN Surakarta in Audio

Visual Translation Class. Thesis. Department of Language Studies. Graduate School.

Muhammadiyah Surakarta University. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum and Dr. Anam

Sutopo, M.Hum. 2018.

This descriptive qualitative study focuses on the field of translation

specifically subtitling. This modern era, the information is highly demanded and

should be able to be received or accessed by all people without distinguishing either

those who adequate or inadequate to access the information. Subtitling for the deaf

and hard of hearing known as SDH is one of branch of translation arena focusing in a

certain target reader, especially those who are inadequate to access the information

via audio.

This study aims at 1) Classifying the types of translation technique from

English to Indonesian done by the students in translating SDH works, 2) Describing

the accuracy of translation from English to Indonesian done by the students in

translating SDH works, 3) Describing the acceptability of translation from English to

Indonesian done by the students in translating SDH works, 4) Describing the

readability of translation from English to Indonesian done by the students in

translating SDH works. SDH data focusing on translation technique were analysed by

using Molina and Albir’ concept while analysing the equivalence by using Nababan’s

concept. This study used open ended questionnaire distributed to the raters involving

the one who is having hearing impairment to assess the equivalence especially on

readability aspect and expert judgement to assess the technique found in the SDH.

The result shows that there are 13 techniques found, that is the frequent technique

found is amplification by 35.35%. Amplification technique used by the students when

making the subtitle to help and ease the viewers or the readers who are inadequate to

access the information via sound. The second result shows that 207 data of SDH

made by the students of IAIN Surakarta are classified as accurate translation while

the acceptability aspect, 175 data belong to acceptable subtitling and 161 data are

readable subtitling. This can be summarised as the whole result is classified as good

translation although there is a little drawback such as the present study still cannot

provide the result related to building the emotional subtitling as the aspect of

readability.

Keywords: Subtitling, Technique, Equivalence, SDH, Audio Visual Translation

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‘Alamin, All praises to Allah, the lord of the

universe, king of the king, who does always give us mercy and blessing to complete

this Thesis entitled “Subtitling Technique and Equivalence on the Deaf and Hard

of Hearing by Students of IAIN Surakarta in Audio Visual Translation Class” as

one of the requirements for the post graduate program of language at Muhammadiyah

University of Surakarta. Peace and mercy to our prophet Muhammad SAW as the last

messenger who guides us from the darkness to the lightness.

In conducting this study, the thesis writer realized that it would never be

possible without contribution and supports from others. On this best occasion, the

thesis writer intended to give grateful thanks to all people who had helped him to

finish the thesis patiently and wisely. On this opportunity, the thesis writer wanted to

express his deep gratitude for:

1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Sumardjoko, M. Pd., the Director of Graduate School of

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M. Hum., the Head of Language Studies of

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M,Hum., as the primary supervisor who gave a valuable

guidance and advice from beginning up to the completion this study.

4. Dr. Anam Sutopo, M.Hum, as the co-supervisor who served continuous of

correction, advice, guidance, and criticized in finishing this thesis.

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5. All of the lecturers of English Language Study of Post Graduate Program who

inspired the writer in term of precious knowledge and experience.

6. His parents Bapak Muhammad Musthofa and Ibuk Nur Fadhilah, my older sister

Muftichatul Ngulya Musthofa, my younger sister Amalia Nurul Fatimah, my

handsome nephew Al Hikam Muhammad Reza for endless love, support,

understanding, help and prayers in every step writer makes, you all are my

endless love.

7. His Ayah Daryanto Al Hafidz and Ibuk Laily Rahmawati, his sister Tsaqifa

Zaskya Azzahra and Alya Nafisha Najah for your praying, support and

wonderful life, I do love you.

8. His Bapak M. Dian Nafi and Ibuk Murtafiah Mubarokah for their love, guidance,

care and motivation. Keep being healthy and walk beside me through this life

forever.

9. Bapak Nur Sidik and his wife for the guidance, patience and love. Thank you for

everything.

10. Oyaji, Bu Lilik Untari, Pak J, Pak Irwan, Pak Zainal Muttaqien and Miss Nuna,

for their knowledge, help and support. You all are my inspiration.

11. All of Amwiners, especially Mas Ayik, Mas Syafi’i, Mas Muntaha, Mas Nurul,

Mas Fikril, Mas Anang, Mas Eko and Mbak Fla, Keep this friendship till the

heaven.

12. All of Amwiners 2017, Dik Mundzir, Dik Agung, Dik Mannan, Dik Faishal, Dik

Ridwan, Dik Saefi, Dik Iccan, Dik Uki, Dik Arya, Dik Liana, Dik Ica, Dik Iis,

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Dik Luluk, Dik Ida, Dik Nafi, Dik Anis, Mbak Tika and Mbak Fatih as the

writer’s friend-sharing. Thank you for colouring this life. I do adore you.

13. His friends, Bayu Saputro, Ria Rizkiyana, Laila Safaatun and Lia Tristi Apriliani

for their care and motivation. Keep being cheerful.

14. All of the friends of English Education Department in Muhammadiyah

University, Especially Mam Anik, Inayah, Mbak Erna, Mas Yafi and Mas Fauzi.

Big thanks for the great moments served for him at these two years.

15. All of his families, friends and teachers that could not be mentioned one by one,

who gave him a lot of support.

The writer realized that this thesis was still far from being perfect, so the

writer expected many constructive comments, criticisms, and suggestions from

everyone. Finally, he hoped that this thesis would help the other researchers who

were interested in studying English, especially in the field of applied linguistics and

enrichment of the reader knowledge about English research.

Waalamualaaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

Surakarta, March 2018

Best Regards of the Writer,

Muhammad Fauzan Aminudin

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TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER ........................................................................................................... i

SUPERVISOR FORM ................................................................................... ii

CO SUPERVISOR FORM ............................................................................ iii

APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................... iv

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .............................................................. v

MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vi

DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xiii

ABBREVIATION .......................................................................................... xvi

LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE ................................................................. xvii

LIST OF DIAGRAM ..................................................................................... xviii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study ................................................ 1

B. Limitation of the Study ................................................... 4

C. Research Question .......................................................... 4

D. Objective of the Study .................................................... 5

E. Benefits of the Study ...................................................... 5

F. Research Paper Organization.......................................... 6

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CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW

A. Previous Study ................................................................ 8

B. Notion of Translation ..................................................... 15

C. Translation Process ......................................................... 16

D. Translation Technique .................................................... 18

E. The Notion of Subtitling ................................................. 24

F. Subtitling Process ........................................................... 25

G. Subtitling Strategy .......................................................... 26

H. Transation Equivalence .................................................. 27

I. Hearing and Deafness ..................................................... 30

J. Subtitling For The Deaf and Hard Of Hearing (SDH) ... 32

K. Theoritical Framework ................................................... 34

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Type ................................................................. 36

B. Object of The Research ................................................... 36

C. Data and Data Source ...................................................... 37

D. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................... 38

E. Validity Of The Data ....................................................... 42

F. Technique Of Analysing Data ......................................... 43

G. Research Procedure ......................................................... 46

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Finding.............................................................. 47

B. Discussion ........................................................................ 68

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion ....................................................................... 72

B. Implication ....................................................................... 73

C. Suggestion ........................................................................ 74

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 76

APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 80

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ABBREVIATION

L1 : First Language

SDH : Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

AVT : Audio Visual Translation

SL : Source Language

TL : Target Language

dB : Desible

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LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE

Figure 2.1 Subtitling Process ........................................................................... 27

Figure 2.2 Theoretical Framework.................................................................... 34

Table 2.1 Criteria of Translation’s Accuracy.................................................... 28

Table 2.2 Criteria of Translation’s Acceptability............................................. 29

Table 2.3 Criteria of Translation’s Readability................................................. 30

Table 3.1 Scale of Translation’s Accuracy........................................................ 40

Table 3.2 Scale of Translation’s Acceptability.................................................. 40

Table 3.3 Scale of Translation’s Readability..................................................... 41

Table 3.4 Classification of Subtitling Technique................................................ 44

Table 3.5 Classification of Subtitling Equivalence............................................ 45

Table 4.1. The Percentage of Applied Technique on Students’ Works on SDH 48

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LIST OF DIAGRAM

Diagram 4.1 Result of Subtitling Equivalence on the Deaf and Hard of Hearing..58