Substations - svk.se · SS-EN ISO 10684 Fasteners-Hot-dip galvanised coatings SS-EN 10250-4 Open...

TECHNICAL GUIDELINE 2017-02-24 TR01-01E rev 8

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CREATED BY OUR REFERENCE

AT TR01-01

DATE CONSULTING UNITS

2017-02-24 NK, NB

TECHNICAL GUIDELINE

VERSION APPROVED

8 Td

Substations

INTRODUCTION

This English text is to be regarded as a translation of the Swedish guideline. The Swedish text and the interpretation thereof shall gov-ern the contract and the legal relations between parties. This guideline is based mainly on the Swedish standard SS-EN 61936-1. The guideline specifies the appropriate choice where alternatives are given in the standard and also indicate amendments (Ä), additional conditions and clarifi-cations (T), as well as new chapters (N). The guideline specifies the require-ments in addition to the applicable standards mainly for substations. This Technical Guideline has been approved by Svenska Kraftnät (the Swedish Power Grid) as a suitable for design, procurement and installation of high volt-age substations.


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Updates Version Note on amendment Date

A First edition

B General update 2006-08-25

C General update 2009-02-05

4 Adjusting the text to match SS-EN 61936-1 and other, minor changes 2012-06-08

5 New text for civil works, new and detailed specification of lighting in appendix 3, new appendix 4 on roads sizing and adjustments to the new template.

2014-04-22

6 New TR name. Introducing references to TR01-13 and TR12-22. Up-dating the norms and standards list. Clarifications of text on civil works. Text changes in Appendix 1.

2015-04-14

7 The whole specification of civil works deleted and moved to new TR01-21 ”Stamnätsstationer - Bygg och mark”

2015-11-20

8 Specification of porcelain for post insulators, reference to TR01-14, specification of the towers of the central gantry row and other, minor changes.

2017-02-24


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Contents

1 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 6

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................. 6

2.1 T – Technical guidelines ............................................................................. 6

2.2 T – Applicable standards and guidelines .................................................. 7

4 FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 9

4.1 T – General .................................................................................................. 9

4.2 T – Electrical requirements ...................................................................... 10

4.2.1 T – Methods of neutral earthing ............................................... 10

4.2.2 Ä –Voltage classification ............................................................ 10

4.2.3 T – Current in normal operation............................................... 10

4.2.4 T – Short-circuit current ............................................................ 10

4.2.5 T – Rated frequency ................................................................... 10

4.2.6 T – Corona .................................................................................. 10

4.2.7 Ä – Electric and magnetic fields ................................................ 10

4.2.8 Ä – Overvoltages ........................................................................ 10

4.3 T – Mechanical requirements ................................................................... 10

4.3.1 T – Equipment and supporting structures ............................... 10

4.3.2 Ä – Tension load .......................................................................... 12

4.3.3 T – Erection load ......................................................................... 12

4.3.4 T – Ice load ................................................................................... 12

4.3.5 T – Wind load............................................................................... 12

4.3.6 T – Switching forces .................................................................... 13

4.3.9 T – Vibrations .............................................................................. 13

4.3.10 Ä – Dimensioning of supporting structures .............................. 13

4.4 T – Climatic and environmental conditions ............................................. 13

4.4.2 T – Normal conditions ................................................................ 13

4.5 T – Special requirements ...........................................................................14

4.5.1 T – Effects of small animals and micro-organisms ..................14

4.5.2 T – Noise level ..............................................................................14

5 INSULATION ...........................................................................................................14


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5.2 Ä – Selection of insulation level .................................................................14

5.3 Ä – Verification of withstand values ........................................................ 15

5.4 Ä – Minimum clearances of live parts ...................................................... 15

6 EQUIPMENT ...........................................................................................................16

6.1 T – General requirements ..........................................................................16

6.2 T – Specific requirements ..........................................................................16

6.2.1 T – Switching devices ..................................................................16

6.2.2 T – Power transformers and reactors ....................................... 17

6.2.3 T – Prefabricated type-tested switchgear ................................ 18

6.2.4 T – Instrument transformers .................................................... 18

The type of voltage transformers are specified in the tender document.18

6.2.5 T – Surge arresters ..................................................................... 18

6.2.6 T – Capacitors ............................................................................. 18

6.2.7 T – Line traps .............................................................................. 18

6.2.8 Ä – Insulators ............................................................................. 18

6.2.9 T – Insulated cables .....................................................................19

6.2.10 T – Conductors and accessories ................................................ 20

6.2.14 T – Static converters .................................................................. 22

7 INSTALLATIONS ................................................................................................... 22

7.1 Ä – General requirements ........................................................................ 22

7.1.2 T – Documentation ..................................................................... 23

7.1.5 T – Lighting ................................................................................. 23

7.1.6 T – Operational safety ............................................................... 23

7.1.7 T – Labelling ............................................................................... 23

7.2 T – Outdoor installations of open design ................................................ 23

7.2.4 T – Minimum height over access area ...................................... 24

7.2.5 T – Clearances to buildings ....................................................... 24

7.2.6 T – External fences or walls and access doors ......................... 24

7.3 T – Indoor installations of open design ................................................... 24

7.4 T – Installation of prefabricated, type-tested switchgear ..................... 24

8 SAFETY MEASURES .............................................................................................. 24

8.1 T – General ................................................................................................ 24


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8.4.4 T – Device for earthing and short-circuiting ........................... 25

8.6 T – Protection against direct lightning strikes ....................................... 25

8.7 T – Protection against fire ........................................................................ 26

8.8 T – Protection against leakage of insulation liquid and SF6 .................. 26

8.9 T – Identification and marking ................................................................ 26

9 PROTECTION, CONTROL AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS .................................... 26

9.1 T – Monitoring and control systems ....................................................... 26

9.2 T – DC and AC supply circuits ................................................................. 27

9.4 T –SF6 gas handling plants ....................................................................... 27

9.6 T – Basic rules for electromagnetic compatibility of control systems .. 27

10 EARTING SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 27

10.1 T – General ................................................................................................ 27

10.5 T – Measurements ..................................................................................... 27

11 INSPECTION AND TESTING ................................................................................ 28

11.1 T – General ................................................................................................ 28

12 OPERATION AND MAINTENACE MANUAL ...................................................... 30

12.1 N – Training .............................................................................................. 30

13 N - APPENDIX ......................................................................................................... 31

13.1 N - Appendix 1 Specification of full-scale test to simulate loads from wind,

ice and aging on earthing-switch with motor operated mechanism ..... 31

13.1.1 Preconditions ............................................................................... 31

13.1.2 Test procedure ............................................................................. 31

13.1.3 Test 1: Simulation of wind is 90° against direction of arm motion

...................................................................................................... 32

13.1.4 Test 2: Simulation of wind is 180° in direction of arm motion 33

13.2 N – Appendix 2 Lighting ........................................................................... 36

13.2.1 Outdoor lighting ......................................................................... 36


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1 SCOPE

All equipment, apparatus, structures, buildings, design, documentation and installations

shall be engineered, designed procured, and constructed in accordance to the customer’s

specifications and requirements.

Delivered equipment shall satisfy the requirements of the applicable EU Directives. Low-

voltage equipment shall also satisfy the requirements for CE labelling.

The expected operating life of the switchgear equipment inclusive of all devices shall be at

least 30 years.

Plant specifications are given in the tender documents, prefeasibility studies, feasibility

studies or other relevant documents.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The plant shall be based on the latest edition of the technical guidelines, standards and

other listed documents listed below.

2.1 T – Technical guidelines

TR01-02 Cable current transformers 7.2-420 kV

TR01-04 Self-contained current transformers 7.2-420 kV

TR01-05 Self-contained magnetic voltage transformers 7.2-420 kV

TR01-06 Self-contained capacitor voltage transformers 170-420 kV

TR01-08 Circuit breakers 245-420 kV

TR01-09 Disconnectors (isolators) for outdoor use 12-420 kV

TR01-10E Power transformers 2 MVA and above

TR01-11E Shunt reactors 145kV and above

TR01-12 Surge arresters 12-420 kV

TR01-13 Substations – grounding

TR01-14 Substations, bolted connectors for current carrying conduc-tors in outdoor switchgear

TR01-16 Labels on 7.2-420 kV switchgear

TR01-17 Shunt capacitors

TR01-18 Standby diesel power systems

TR01-21 Substations – civil works and buildings


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TR02 Control and protection

TR03-01 Measurement

TR04 Tele- and data communications

TR05 Lines

TR08 Documentation

TR09 Plant security

TR10 Electrical safety

TR12-22 Portable equipment for earthing

TR13 Environment, work environment, electrical safety, quality

2.2 T – Applicable standards and guidelines

SFS 2009:22 Power current regulations

ELSÄK-FS 2008:1-3 Specifications of the Electrical Safety Board and general advice

including amendment specifications

SS-EN ISO 14001 Environmental management systems, Requirements with guid-

ance for use

SS-NN 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-code)

IEC/TS 60815-1 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended

for use in polluted conditions – Part 1: Definitions, information

and general principles


for use in polluted conditions – Part 2: Ceramic and glass insula-

tors for AC systems


for use in polluted conditions – Part 3: Polymer systems for AC

systems

SS-EN ISO 898 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and al-

loy steel – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property

classes – Coarse thread and fine pitch thread

SS-EN ISO 1461 Hot-dip galvanised coatings on manufactured iron- and steel ob-

jects – Specifications and test methods

SS-EN ISO 12944-2 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures

by protective paint systems – Part 2: Classification of environ-

ments

SS-EN 1090 Execution of steel structures and aluminum structures –


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SS-EN ISO 3506-1 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fas-

teners - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs


teners – Part 2: Nuts


teners – Part 4: Tapping screws

SS-EN ISO 10684 Fasteners-Hot-dip galvanised coatings

SS-EN 10250-4 Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes- Part 4:

Stainless steel

SS 421 01 66 Mechanical design of outdoor substations

SS 421 01 67 Dimensioning of outdoor substations – Wind and ice loads

SS 424 14 05 Wiring systems for max 1000V-Methods of calculation to safe-

guard correct disconnection-Directly and not directly earthed

systems protected by fuses.

SS 424 14 07 Power cables behaviour under short circuit conditions

SS 424 14 16 Power cables – XLPE-insulated cables with rated voltage of 7/12

to 21/36 kV – Specification for design and testing

SS 424 14 24 Power cables – Choice of cables with rated voltage max 0,6/1 kV

with regard to current carrying capacity, protection against over-

load and protection at short circuit

SS 460 48 60 Vibration and shock – Inspection – Method for survey of build-

ings and constructions in conjunction with vibrating activities

SS-EN 50522 Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV ac

SS-EN 50341 Overhead electrical lines exceeding 45 kV (AC)

SS-EN 12464-2:2007 Light and lighting – lighting of workplaces – Part 2: Outdoor

workplaces

SS-EN 1838 Lighting applications - Emergency lighting

SS-EN 60168 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material

or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V

SS-EN 61462 Composite hollow insulators - Pressurized and unpressurized in-

sulators for use in electrical equipment with rated voltage

greater than 1 000 V - Definitions, test methods, acceptance cri-

teria and design recommendations


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SS-EN 60672 Ceramic and glass insulating materials

SS-EN 60865-1 Short-circuit currents – calculation of effects –Part 1: definitions

and calculation methods

SS-EN 61082-1 Preparation of documents used in electro technology - Part 1:

Rules

SS-EN 61936-1 Power current installations exceeding 1 kV AC - Part 1: Common

rules (the clarifications, additions and amendments to SS-EN

61936-1 specified in this guideline)

SS-EN 50110-1 Operation of electrical installations – Part 1: General require-

ments

SS 436 21 10 Installations for grounding switchgear with nominal voltages

above 1 kV

SS-EN 81346-1 Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products - Structuring principles and reference designations - Part 1: Basic rules

SS-EN 81346-2 Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial

products - Structuring principles and reference designations -

Part 2: Classification of objects and codes for classes

SS-IEC 60273 Characteristics of indoor and outdoor post insulators for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V

SNV RR 1978:5 Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, outdoor industrial

noise – general advice

4 FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 T – General Stations with two-breaker layout shall be designed so that a single fault in the substation or

its proximity requires disconnection of no more than one bay and one bus bar. It is particu-

larly important to have this principal in mind when designing layouts and connections of

phase conductors and shield wires and in the selection of various cable routes for sub 1 and

sub 2 from the control building to the respective switchyard equipment.


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4.2 T – Electrical requirements

4.2.1 T – Methods of neutral earthing

The 220 kV and 400 kV networks are directly earthed. (Known in the standard as “ low-re-

sistance earthing”.) Faults shall be disconnected within 0.5 s. (ELSÄK-FS).

4.2.2 Ä –Voltage classification

The maximal voltage for equipment is either 245 kV or 420 kV (Um). Specific plant voltages

are given in the tender document.

4.2.3 T – Current in normal operation

The nominal operating currents for sections and bus bars are specified in the tender docu-

ment.

The bus bars shall withstand at least 6300 A unless otherwise specified.

4.2.4 T – Short-circuit current

Unless otherwise specified, the plant shall be sized for a fault current of 40 kA.

4.2.5 T – Rated frequency The frequency is 50 Hz.

4.2.6 T – Corona

Unless otherwise specified, the radio interference level at 1.1 Um/3 is not to exceed 2500

V (SS-EN 62271-1).

4.2.7 Ä – Electric and magnetic fields

At new plants shall electric and magnetic fields not exceed 10 kV/m and 1000 µT respec-

tively during regular maintenance works.

4.2.8 Ä – Overvoltages

Cables, reactors and transformers shall be protected with surge arresters, see also Section

6.2.5 T – Surge arresters.

4.3 T – Mechanical requirements

4.3.1 T – Equipment and supporting structures

Steel structures for substations shall be designed according to SS 421 01 66 and SS 421 01

67. For calculating wind loads, if not otherwise specified, terrain type II applies, reference

wind speed vref = 25 m/s.

Design with respect to mechanical stresses from weight, tensile stress, installation loads, ice

loads, wind loads, reaction forces, short-circuit forces and loss of conductor tension from

broken conductor shall be verified by calculations. Seismic loads need not be considered.


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Nuts in framework structures for equipment supports and towers shall be locked by centre-

punching the threads twice (a chisel may also be used). If any other locking method is used,

this must be approved by the owner. Bolts with double nuts shall not be centre-punched.

For foundation bolts, see TR01-21.

Towers

All tower structures, part of central gantry row, must have equally mechanical strength, in-

cluding its foundations. Each gantry in a gantry row shall be of the same mechanically

strength and be sized for the same mechanical loads as the bay with highest loads.

The towers and gantries shall be without stubs or guy wires. Steel supports shall be con-

structed with foundation plates with ground bolts with adjustment nuts.

The permissible calculated horizontal deflection of substation structures must not exceed

1/100th of its height according to load case 6B in SS 421 01 66 and the permissible calcu-

lated vertical deflection 1/150th of its length according to load case 6C in SS 421 01 66. These

values apply to fully equipped structures including conductors, droppers and insulators.

Gantries shall be sized so that both span directions are possible and an angle of up to ±20º for inclined spans in all sections of the central gantry row. The gantries shall be sized for the project’s actual, most critic force, but at least for the following forces per phase:

420 kV 245 kV

Load case 5.3 according to SS 4210166:

25 kN 25 kN

Load case 5.5 according to SS 4210166:

50 kN 65 kN

The steel shall be manufactured according to SS-EN 1090-2 and shall be at least of execu-

tion class EX2.

The owner shall be given the opportunity to inspect the construction drawings and calcula-

tions for the foundations and steel structures before manufacture starts. There shall be clear

traceability between the calculations for the conductor forces, steel structures and founda-

tions loads. The results of the steel structure calculations shall be verifiable against the rele-

vant drawings. Welding parameters shall be given in the construction drawings/calcula-

tions.

An ITP (Inspection and Test Plan) for steel structures, support insulators, insulator strings

and connectors shall be set up by the contractor and be sent to the owner at least four weeks

before commencement of the tests. The owner shall decide whether he intends to witness

the tests or not.


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4.3.1.1. N – Galvanising and corrosion protection

All steel surfaces shall be galvanised according to SS-EN ISO 1461 or SS-EN 10684.

After galvanisation, the structure shall be cleaned, so that it can be handled with no risk of

hand injury.

Galvanised surfaces shall be painted according to the ISO 8501-3 standard. Welded joints,

edges and other areas with defects shall satisfy pre-treatment level P3 according to ISO

8501-3 before galvanising.

The zinc thickness for steel with a thickness ≥ 6 mm shall be as follows:

Mean value at least: 85 μm Minimum value for individual tests: 70 μm

4.3.1.2. N – Repair of galvanised parts

When repairing steel parts, corrosion class C4 according to SS-EN ISO 12944-2:1998 is to

be used. The repair method shall satisfy the requirements of SS-EN ISO 1461.

The owner shall be informed of the intended repair method (two-component method) of

galvanising before repair work begins. It is a requirement that the supplier of repair prod-

ucts approve the proposed repair method inclusive pre-treatment. All products used for re-

pair shall be documented with safety data sheets and technical data sheets. These shall be

available in Swedish.

The minimum thickness of zinc on the repaired parts shall be the minimum nominal value

of the corresponding zinc thickness according to the standard + 30 μm. Repairs carried out

shall be documented according to the guidelines for checking surfaces according to BSK 07

(Section 9:65). All repaired parts shall be UV-proof and resistant to aging.

4.3.2 Ä – Tension load

Dimensioning according to SS 421 01 67.

4.3.3 T – Erection load

The installation load (100 kg x 9.81 ≈ 1000 N) should allowing a person with his tools to

load the construction in an appropriate way.

4.3.4 T – Ice load

An ice load of 20 mm shall be used for sizing steel structures in a switchyard. Switchyard

shall be dimensioned according to the relevant Swedish standard.

4.3.5 T – Wind load

Switchyard shall be dimensioned to withstand the wind pressures specified in SS 421 01 67.

Equipment mechanical support shall be dimensioned according to SS 421 01 66.


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For apparatus and other equipment, see the relevant, specific Technical Guideline.

4.3.6 T – Switching forces

Switching forces are typically forces occurring in connection with switching operations. Cir-

cuit breaker supports shall be designed for switching forces as given by the circuit breaker

manufacturers.

4.3.9 T – Vibrations

For dimensioning with respect to vibrations, class 3M2 applies according to SS-EN 60721.

Conductors shall be prevented from vibrating by means of appropriate measures.

4.3.10 Ä – Dimensioning of supporting structures

Supporting structures shall be dimensioned according to SS 421 01 66.

4.4 T – Climatic and environmental conditions

4.4.2 T – Normal conditions

4.4.2.1 Ä – Indoor

See TR01-21.

4.4.2.2 Ä – Outdoor

The lowest ambient temperature for outdoor electrical equipment is–40 C in southern and

central Sweden and –50 C in northern Sweden (north of river Dalälven). The actual tem-

perature requirements are specified in the tender document.

Equipment with liquid insulation shall always be dimensioned for – 50 C for outdoor use.

Outdoor enclosures shall at least have protection type IP54 according to SS-EN 60529. For

substations with washable insulators, the protection level must be at least IP55. For lighting

fittings IP classes see Appendix 2.

The enclosures shall be well ventilated and if they have moving mechanical parts or mois-

ture-sensitive electronics they shall be equipped with heating units to ensure air exchange

and prevent condensation.

Under normal ambient conditions, a low contamination level (Class b according to IEC/TS

60815-1) shall be applied.

In polluted or saline outdoor environments, insulators require a longer creepage distance

with the application of a contamination level of class d (severe contamination) according to

IEC/TS 60815-1. This shall then be specified in the tender document. The extended creep-

age distance is applicable at the West coast region of Sweden (to a distance of approxi-


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mately 30 km from the coast as well as the river Götaälv valley up to Lake Vänern). The ex-

tended creepage distance may also be required in the event of severe industrial contamina-

tion or for non-vertical insulators in regions with heavy snowfall.

For the requirements for insulators, see Section 6.2.8 Ä - Insulators.

4.5 T – Special requirements

4.5.1 T – Effects of small animals and micro-organisms

Ventilation openings shall be covered with fine-mesh metal netting or similar ways of pro-

hibiting the entry of insects.

4.5.2 T – Noise level

Unless otherwise specified, the requirements for the maximum noise level, is in accordance

to the recommendations of the Environmental Protection Agency for industrial noise and

any guidelines from the local health protection authorities.

5 INSULATION

5.2 Ä – Selection of insulation level Tables 5.1 and 5.2 show the highest voltages for equipment and respective insulation levels.

Table 5. 1. Highest voltage for equipment for Um=245 kV.

Highest voltage for equipment

[kV]

Lightning impulse withstand voltage

[kV]

Power-frequency withstand volt-

age for 1 min

[kV]

Phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase

Phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase

245 950 395

Table 5.2. Highest voltage for equipment for Um=420 kV.

Highest voltage for equipment

[kV]

Lightning impulse withstand voltage

[kV]

Switching impulse withstand voltage

[kV]

Power-frequency withstand voltage

for 1 min [kV]


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420 1425 1050 520

Insulation levels, teste voltages and highest voltage for electrical equipment are given in the

respective Technical Guidelines.

5.3 Ä – Verification of withstand values Withstand voltages for the actual rated voltages specified in the relevant Technical Guide-

line shall be applied for the dielectric tests.

5.4 Ä – Minimum clearances of live parts A minimum phase-to-ground air clearance is according to the standard for the relevant in-

sulation level except for the highest voltages, where the values specified in Table 5.3 are ap-

plied. The values given in Table 5.3 differ somewhat from the standard but have been ap-

plied in Sweden with good operational results. Any divergences from the specified mini-

mum distances shall be backed up by approved type-test protocols. However, it must be en-

sured that the necessary clearances are maintained for high-voltage connections.

Table 5.3. Minimum clearances in air.

Highest voltage for equip-

ment Um

Minimum clear-

ances in air phase-ground

Minimum N

(according to Table

1 and 2 in SS-EN 61936-1)

Minimum clearances

phase-phase

[kV] [mm] [mm] [mm]

245 2100 2100 2100 420 3000 3400 3400

To enable transport and safe maintenance work inside a switchyard, a longer phase-to-

phase clearance is used. This assumes the pole distances according to Table 5.4, however

the phase-to-phase distance may be shorter depending on component width, droppers etc.

However, the minimum phase-to-phase clearance according to Table 5.3 shall never be in-

fringed.

Table 5.4. Minimum phase spacing and bay width.


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Design voltage

Um [kV]

Phase to phase dis-tance for bays (c/c)

[mm]

Phase to phase

distance for bus bars (c/c)

[mm]

Bay width

[mm]

245 3500 3500 13750 420 5500 5000 21000

All bays at the same voltage level in a substation shall have the same width and design.

The minimum distance from the bus bars to the overhead conductors shall be N+2000 mm

according to SS-EN 61936-1: the N-value according to Table 5.3 in TR01-01.

For new conductor arrangement shall be designed in such way that conductor clashes can-

not occur in the event of a short circuit. The minimum distance in the event of a short cir-

cuit shall follow SS-EN 61936-1, Section 5.5. For reconstructed substations or additions to

it, the input for the calculation may be modified but must be approved by the customer. For

dimensioning, see also 7.1 Ä – General Requirements.

6 EQUIPMENT

6.1 T – General requirements The primary equipment shall be easily accessible for operation and maintenance and be in-

stalled as close to the ground as possible. If height of apparatus control and operations en-

closures are too high for comfortably accessed from the ground a platform shall be install

for each enclosure and/or breaker. Due consideration shall be given to snow depth at the

site. The requirements for technical and other documentation are given in TR08 and spe-

cific guideline in TR01.

6.2 T – Specific requirements

6.2.1 T – Switching devices

The requirements for circuit breakers are given in TR01-08.

The requirements for disconnectiors and earthing switches are given in TR01-09.

An earthing switch shall be installed on all bus bars so that there are no more than three

bays to an earthing switch. Hence two earthing switches are required in the case of

switchyards having six or more bays. Possibility of extending a substation with additional

bays shall be considered when placing the earthing switches.


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Unless otherwise specified, motor-operated earthing switches shall be installed on both

sides of a high voltage circuit breaker.

It shall always be possible to remove a connector at the far end of a circuit breakers jumper,

seen from the breaker, on both breaker sides. Circuit breaker terminals shall be connected

with flexible conductors (wires) only.

To allow the circuit breaker to be accessible for maintenance, it must be possible to remove

a jumper both between a breaker and of a bus bar and between a breaker and a power line

as given in the single line diagram. The connector on a breaker terminal should be a reusa-

ble type (plate-to-plate type connector with live work type bolts). The disconnected circuit

breaker shall be accessed to allow work to be done on the disconnected apparatus as a non-

electric works, i.e. the object in its entirety is at a longer distance from the live parts than

clearance Dv. The equipment shall be placed so that there is sufficient space to access it

with a movable platform (boom lift). The safety clearance Dv shall be according to SS-EN

61936 and be calculated with N according to Table 5.3. Minimum clearances in air in this

document.

Substations shall be designed so that maintenance/replacement of disconnected equipment

can be performed while the rest of substation remains energized.1

6.2.2 T – Power transformers and reactors

Eventual need for noise reduction measures is given in the transformer or reactor specifica-

tions. Transformers and reactors shall be placed on their own foundations in oil sumps ac-

cording to TR9-15.

If gas monitors and other instruments on a transformer or reactor are not accessible from

the ground, a platform shall be built so that the instruments may be checked and main-

tained without the need for a boom lift.

Transformers:

The requirements for transformers are given in TR01-10E.

The requirements for the oil collection system are specified in Section 8.8 T – Protection

against leakage of insulation fluid and SF6.

The requirements for sabotage protection are given in TR09-15, the physical protection of

transformers.

Surge arresters are specified in the tender document.

Reactors:

The requirements for reactors are given in TR01-11E.

1 This may affects the distance between a bus bars and a circuit breaker.


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The requirements for the oil collection system are given in Section 8.8 T - Protection against

leakage of insulation fluid and SF6.

Surge arresters are specified in the tender document.

6.2.3 T – Prefabricated type-tested switchgear

Gas-insulated switchgear:

The gas-insulated switchgear is specified in each individual case.

6.2.4 T – Instrument transformers

The requirements for self-contained current transformers are given in TR01-04, for self-

contained magnetic voltage transformers in TR01-05, for self-contained capacitive voltage

transformers in TR01-06, for cable current transformers in TR01-02, for power transform-

ers integrated in transformers (bushing current transformers) in TR01-10E and for reactors

in TR01-11E.

The type of voltage transformers are specified in the tender document.

6.2.5 T – Surge arresters

Metal-oxide surge arresters without a gap shall be used. The requirements for surge arrest-

ers are given in TR01-12.

Surge arresters shall be equipped with insulated footings. It shall be possible to carry out

leakage current measurements while substation is in full operation. Where the surge arrest-

ers are placed high above the ground, the earthing conductors shall be insulated from the

foot to the loop for leakage current measurements. See also TR01-13.

6.2.6 T – Capacitors

The requirements for shunt capacitors are given in TR01-17.

The requirements for series capacitors are specified in the tender document.

6.2.7 T – Line traps

The requirements for line traps are specified in the tender document.

6.2.8 Ä – Insulators

Post insulators shall be of aluminous porcelain in at least class C130 according to IEC

60672-3. Deflection of these insulators must not exceed 1/100 at a load corresponding to

50% of the permissible cantilever strength, e.g. 50% of C10 gives a 5kN load. The insulators

shall be type-tested.

Hollow-core insulators shall be made of composite material.


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The normal and extended creepage distance of insulators and insulator strings are shown in

Table 6.1.

All insulators in a substation shall have the same colour. In new stations, all insulators shall

be grey.

In polluted environments, the insulators shall have an extended creepage distance.

Table 6.1. Creepage distances for support and equipment insulators unless oth-erwise specified in the respective TR.

Maximal voltage for equipment

[kV]

Creepage distance Porcelain/Composite

[mm]

Creepage distance Porcelain/Composite

[mm]

Normal environment

(class b1)

Polluted environment

(class d1)

245 3920 6120

420 6720 10500

According to IEC/TS 60815-1

Porcelain post insulator:

The requirements for post insulators are given in SS-IEC 60273 and SS-IEC 60168. The ap-

plicable standards and IEC/TS 60815 shall be applied.

Composite insulator:

Composite insulators shall be constructed and tested according to the applicable standards

and IEC 62231. The outer insulation material of these insulators shall consist of silicone

rubber.

Insulator set:

The requirements for insulator sets is given in TR05-11 Overhead transmission lines: Insu-

lators TR05-10 Overhead transmission lines: Insulator sets and TR05-12 Overhead trans-

mission lines: Insulator set fittings. The insulators shall be made of glass.

Inside a substation and on the first overhead power line span, the insulator sets shall have a

higher insulation level (arcing distance) than on other insulator set in the network. This

means, in addition to the other requirements according to TR01-01, that the arcing distance

shall be more than 2900 mm for 420 kV and more than 2200 mm for 245 kV.

6.2.9 T – Insulated cables

General points

For ground cables see SS 424 14 37. For low voltages cables, see SS 436 40 00.


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Cable properties in the event of short circuit are treated in SS 424 14 07. For ground cables,

see TR01-21 and TR02-09-05.

The installation of control cables is described in TR02-10-2.

Cables installed outdoor shall have cable markings made of stainless steel and shall be fixed

with cable ties of stainless steel.

Installation method of optical cables shall not reduce an insulation level of the electrical plat

it is install in. Existing equipment shall be adjusted to allow installation of joints of the opti-

cal cable.

See TR01-21 for the requirements for cable installations requirements.

6.2.10 T – Conductors and accessories

Conductors

The requirements for conducting lines are given in TR05-04.

In the sizing of conductors, the following points must be considered:

Electrical losses

Heating due to the operating current and its effect on insulation and operating life expectancy

Heating due to the fault current and its effect on insulation and operating life ex-pectancy

Corona discharges as well as radio and TV interference

Overload capacity

The conductors in the substation as well as the first span to the overhead power line shall be

designed for a maximum temperature of +85C. The maximum permissible temperature af-

ter a short circuit or grounding fault is +200 C for aluminium wires and +150 C for alu-

minium tubes.

Spacers

The dropper from overhead line to equipment shall have only 80 mm (alternatively 100

mm) and 450 mm spacers. The first spacer shall be a 450 mm spacer placed 700 mm below

the span. The following spacer shall be 80 mm (or 100 mm) installed 700 mm below the

first one. All subsequent spacers will be installed at least 2500 and maximum 4000 mm be-

low its predecessor.

In other cases spacers of 450 mm shall be used to keep the distance between conductors in

each phase. Requirements for spacers are given in TR05-08.


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Aluminium tubes

Aluminium tubes shall be manufactured from a toughened aluminium alloy of the AlMgSi

type and shall satisfy the requirements according to TR01-14

The tubes shall be seamless, if possible. If the tubes have to be jointed for reasons of pro-

duction technology, tubes with joints must have the same electrical properties as those

without joints. There shall not be more than one joint between two support points. Welded

joints shall have a tensile strength of at least 72% of the break limit of unjointed tubes. The

joints shall be placed at the zero torque force point.

Power joints and accessories on bus bars made with aluminium tubes shall be sized for the

maximum current that the bus bars can withstand.

There shall be at least one drainage hole of at least 10 mm diameter at the lowest point of

each tube.

The sag of tubular conductors must not exceed 1/150 part of the tube length between sup-

port points. Vibration damping aluminium wire shall be installed inside the tubular conduc-

tor according to the table below. The damper shall be placed in the tubes and fixed with an

end lid. The length of the attenuation wire shall be 2/3 of the tube length.

External tube diameter (mm)

Tube length, longer than (m)

Vibration dampers minimal area (mm2)

Up to 100 4 240

150 7 454

250 12 593

Tube and conductor support connector

Tube and conductor supports connectors shall be constructed so they do not expose the in-

sulators to additional stress due to torque from the Al-tubes in the event of vibrations, wind,

ice loads, thermal expansion or short circuit. They shall withstand static and dynamic

stresses without deformation. They shall be constructed to permit angular movements and

thermal expiation of the conductor.

Tube and conductor supports shall be made of a material that is resistant to corrosion and

does not cause corrosion on the conductors. Materials that are sensitive to fretting or corro-

sion due to electric field may not be used.

Current-carrying joints in flexible tube and conductor support shall be constructed to take

into account the movements of the Al-tubes as a result of temperature changes and vibra-

tions without the occurrence of breaks due to material fatigue. Tube and conductor sup-

ports for 420 kV shall be free of corona discharges at up to 245 kV phase-to-ground voltage.

To prevent corona discharges, they shall be constructed with reliable electrical contacts be-

tween the Al-tubes, all parts of the supports and connectors.


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For other requirements for aluminium tubes, clamps and connectors see TR01-14

Connectors and clamps

The requirements for connectors and clamps are given in TR01-14.

Tension clamps

Tension clamp for the last span to a substation and within a substation shall be bolted. The

others may be of wedge construction. The requirements for tension clamps are given in

TR05-06.

6.2.14 T – Static converters

The requirements for charging rectifiers, converters and low voltage inverters are given in

TR02-09.

7 INSTALLATIONS

7.1 Ä – General requirements Substation specific requirements are given in the tender document.

For refurbishment or extension of a high voltage plant, the most recent standards and spec-

ifications shall be applied (ELSÄK-FS).

The text of the standard allows to apply original standards and regulations when recon-

structing or extending an existing plant as long as good electrical safety practice is main-

tained. However, this should be avoided in the longer term and the assessments which un-

derlie the selected procedure shall be fully justified and documented.

The applicable specifications of the Electrical Safety Board (ELSÄK-FS) on the maintenance

of high voltage installations apply irrespective of when the installation was completed.

The environmental requirements of Svenska kraftnät are specified in TR13-01. Further-

more, the EU Directive relating to electromagnetic fields and their effect on personnel

(2004/40/EC from 29 April 2004) shall also be observed.

The current and future design of a plant given in the single line diagram and substation lay-

out given in an appendix to the tender document. Basic data is also specified in the tender

document.

Telecommunications towers shall be placed so that they cannot fall onto high-voltage plants

or control buildings.


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The specification and guidelines for installation of physical barriers and security protection

are given in TR09.

The foundation and excavation work carried out in connection with installation while part

of the plant or the whole plat is energized may require special machinery. See also TR01-21.

To prevent outage and disturbances, all cables encountered during construction shall be

handled as energized and/or in operation

7.1.2 T – Documentation

The documentation requirements are given in TR08. Specific documentation requirements

for different equipment may be found in the respective Technical Guideline TR01-X and in

TR02-10-1 for control and protection systems.

7.1.5 T – Lighting

See T.13.2, Annex 2 Lighting.

7.1.6 T – Operational safety

The vicinity clearance Dv is defined according to SS-EN 61936-1 and N in Table 5.3. Section

5.4 above in this Technical Guideline describes how the installations shall be designed and

constructed. The same vicinity clearance Dv also applies to SS-EN 50110-1.

7.1.7 T – Labelling

Labels shall be provided for apparatus, actuators and grounding contacts as well as phase

marking and necessary identification labels for equipment, cabinet numbering, operation

signs as well as warning and maintenance notices. Phase markings and warning and other

label located outdoors shall be made of aluminium. All labels and signs located outdoors

shall be attached with screws or nuts of a corrosion-resistant material. They shall be design

and installed according to TR01-16. The connections between the grounding of a 400 kV

substation and nearby 130 kV or 200 kV station for instance, shall be provided with signs

and marking near or at earthing inspection pits between various substations.

7.2 T – Outdoor installations of open design All civil works (paths, roads, levelled areas, foundations etc.) and the design and construc-

tion of foundations of buildings shall be in accordance to the prevailing terrain conditions

and shall also follow requirements given in TR01-21.

The clearance requirements in height and width of substation roads and paths and trans-

former roads/access routes are specified in TR01-21.

Substation roads should not be placed under equipment or bus bars, nor in such a way that

any operational grounding equipment infringe free access of the roads..


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7.2.4 T – Minimum height over access area

The distance from the ground to the lowest part of each insulator, e.g. the uppermost edge

of a metallic insulator foot, shall be at least 2500 mm. Any addition for snow depths are

specified in the tender document.

Live parts of installations shall be located at, at least 1 m above ground, irrespective of the

voltage level (but at least >1000 V) or satisfy other requirements.

7.2.5 T – Clearances to buildings

The distance from buildings to a bare conductor or other live parts shall be at least N + 0.3

m 2, but no less than 3 m. Roofs are normally considered as being accessible for people to

climb on, se details in 7.2.4 of SS-EN 61936-1.

7.2.6 T – External fences or walls and access doors

See TR01-21

7.3 T – Indoor installations of open design Minimum distances are given in Section 5.4 Ä – Minimum distances for live parts.

7.4 T – Installation of prefabricated, type-tested switchgear Switchgear shall, unless it has a single-phase enclosure or is equipped with rapid short-cir-

cuiting devices, be equipped with a device for relieving pressure out to the open air. The de-

vice shall be type-tested (arcing test) concurrently with the substation.

The requirements for gas-insulated switchgear are specified in the tender document.

8 SAFETY MEASURES

8.1 T – General The safety requirements shall be based on the ELSÄK-FS.

The installations shall be maintained in accordance with the applicable version of the Sec-

tion C of ELSÄK-FS and ESA- with complementary guidelines in TR10-01.

A minimum requirement for all contractors retained by the Swedish Power Grid is that they

shall follow the Svänska kraftnäts ecological requirements specified in TR13-01.

2 N according to Table 5.3. Minimum distance in air.


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8.4.4 T – Device for earthing and short-circuiting

Substations shall be equipped with apparatus and fixed earthing terminals in accordance

with the single line diagram appended to the tender document. See also TR01-13.

Portable earthing devices with clamps shall be in accordance with the relevant Swedish

standards. If the standby disconnection time does not exceed 0.5 s, this figure shall be used

for the thermal dimensioning of these devices. See also TR12-22.

Three 3-phase earthing devices, an operating pole and one (1) set of voltage indicators for

each voltage level shall be included in the delivery. If earhing devices of different lengths are

needed, at least one and a maximum of three (3) 3-phase devices shall be included for each

different length. Support rollers for operating pole shall be mounted at all fixed earthing

points. A hoisting devices for lifting an operating pole shall be included. Grounding of metal

covers of transformer/reactor oil sump shall be carried out so that the covers can be lifted

up from one edge of the oil sump without damaging or disconnecting the grounding cables

for the grid sections. The individual grid sections should be attached on the underside with

potential equalisation conductors according to TR01-13. These conductors shall be fixed in

place with cable shoes and screws, nuts and washers going all the way through the metal

sheets. The use of metal screws is not permitted. See also TR09-15 Section 4.2. Inspection

hatches for oil sumps shall be grounded in a similar way.

8.6 T – Protection against direct lightning strikes Lightning protection shall be designed so that all equipment and buildings within the

fenced-in area are protected in accordance with SS-EN 61936-1 Annex E.

Lightning protection shall be implemented with shielding wires unless otherwise specified

in the tender document. If the shielding wires fail to give sufficient lightning protection for

buildings, lightning protection shall be implemented as specified in TR01-21.

The lightning protection system shall be constructed so that a broken shielding wire in a bay

do not lead to trip of a bus bar. No line may pass over the area between the switch-off points

on either side of a sectioning switch.

It shall be possible to install additional shield wire on towers and masts for lightning protec-

tion, in any direction without the need to replace or reinforce the tower or mast or any part

of a tower or a mast and without changing or reinforcing a tower or mast foundation/s,

(with the load being at least as large as with already connected shield wire).

Towers and musts for lightning protection shield wires shall be placed within the switchgear

area.


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8.7 T – Protection against fire

Outdoor installations

The clearance around transformers shall satisfy the requirements listed in Table 3 in SS-EN

61936-1. For transformers with an oil volume <1000 l, the clearance shall satisfy the re-

quirements for transformers from 1000 to 2000 l listed in Table 3 in SS-EN 61936-1.

8.8 T – Protection against leakage of insulation liquid and SF6 The insulation oil for transformers and reactors shall be as specified in TR01-10E and

TR01-11E.

Unless otherwise specified in the tender document, instrument transformers, shunt capaci-

tors and series capacitors do not need to be equipped with oil sumps, see also TR01-04.

Environmentally harmful chemicals shall be replaced by less harmful ones wherever possi-

ble (substitution principle). Scientific uncertainty shall not obstruct measures in the event

of a risk of serious environmental impact (principle of caution). See also TR13-01.

Emissions of SF6 to the atmosphere in connection with handling gases are prohibited. Una-

voidable leakages shall not exceed 0.5% per year for each gas room.

8.8.1.3 T – Sumps for outdoor equipment

Each power transformer/shunt reactor shall have its own oil sump.

The oil sumps shall satisfy conditions given in TR09-15.

8.9 T – Identification and marking Signs shall be in accordance to TR01-16.

All signs shall be set up and approved before the commissioning.

Marking of equipment containing SF6 shall be in accordance to the applicable EU regula-

tions on specific fluoride-containing greenhouse gases.

9 PROTECTION, CONTROL AND AUX-ILIARY SYSTEMS

9.1 T – Monitoring and control systems The protection, monitoring and control systems shall be in accordance to TR02.


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The relevant scope may be found in the technical description.

For connections between functional units and equipment included in the control equip-

ment, cables from various subsystems shall be installed separately along their entire route,

i.e. separate conduits or sections in cable ducts for each subsystem and for optical fibres.

Optical-fibre cables shall be separated from conventional cables and placed in tubes.

Connection boxes for the protection, monitoring and control shall be installed for each out-

door 3-phase equipment according to TR02-10-2. The connection boxes shall be of stainless

metal plate and be equipped with an extra roof cover.

9.2 T – DC and AC supply circuits AC and DC systems with their components shall be in accordance to TR02-09 and TR01-18.

Outdoor AC and DC boxes shall be placed on a metal framework with separate stable stands

on their own foundations. The boxes shall be equipped with a roof or similar cover. A 2-way

wall socket as well as a socket of type CEE 416-6 shall be placed near to each station. The

station shall also be equipped with a 2-way wall socket, a socket of type CEE 416-6 and one

of type CEE 463-6.

9.4 T –SF6 gas handling plants The need for and requirements for gas treatment equipment shall be assessed separately for

each respective installation.

9.6 T – Basic rules for electromagnetic compatibility of control systems Protection, monitoring and control systems shall be implemented in accordance with TR02-

03-2.

10 EARTING SYSTEMS

10.1 T – General See TR01-21 and TR01-13.

10.5 T – Measurements Guidelines for the measurement of earthing resistance in high-voltage installations may be

found in TR01-13 and EBR U602.5 “Jordningskontroll”.


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11 INSPECTION AND TESTING

11.1 T – General The contractor shall be responsible for the control, monitoring and testing and commission-

ing of completed work. The contractor shall, together with the owner or his representative,

participate in planning of the commissioning. The contractor shall execute this procedure as

well as record any agreed commissioning tests.

Complete test reports shall be issued for all equipment. Test and commissioning programs

including a samples of reports shall be handed to the owner for review at least four weeks

before the test is to be carried out.

If any test fails to produce an approved result, it and all preceding tests that may have had

an effect on the observed fault or have been affected by it shall be repeated after the fault

has been corrected. The tests shall, in the applicable case, be conducted according to the

guidelines given in SS 436 46 61.

For test and commissioning of the protection, monitoring and control systems guideline

TR02-03-4 applies, for the AC auxiliary system guideline TR02-09-5 is applicable.

Instrument transformers

For instrument transformers, the following tests shall be performed and recorded:

Control of primary to secondary ratio of current and voltage transformers

Directional test

Integrity check of current-carrying circuits

Load test of all current and voltage circuits

Directional test of relevant relay protection at commissioning

Check of oil level and density

Check of bolt torque

Low voltage cable tests and measurement according to the installation guidelines

Resistance measurements of connections

Circuit breakers

For circuit breakers, the following tests shall be conducted and recorded:

Density check

Operating times, charging time and velocity

Resistance measurement and measurement of the minimum operating voltage on operating coils

Resistance measurement of primary current paths and connections

Measurement of motor currents

Check of anti-pumping and interlocking functions

Check of Close and Opening circuits

Check of alarms

Low voltage cables tests and measurement according to the installation guidelines


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Disconnector

For disconnectors, the following tests shall be conducted and recorded:

Resistance measurement of primary current paths and connections

Partial resistance measurement between each contact moving contacts

Measurement of motor current and run time for opening and closing

Check of indication circuits

Check of interlocking functions


Earthing switch

For disconnectors, the following tests shall be conducted and recorded:

Resistance measurement of main current paths and connections

Partial resistance measurement between each moving contacts

Measurement of motor current and run time for opening and closing

Check of indication circuits

Check of interlocking functions


A full-scale test shall be carried out to verify that the earthing switch reach it´s end positions even equipment is exposed from the maximum effects of ice and wind in the least favourable direction. The test(s) are carried out on each type and mount-ing mode of the earthing switch. The full-scale wind-and-ice load test shall be conducted according to Appendix 1: Specification of full-scale test to simulate loads from wind, ice and aging on earth-ing-switch with motor operated mechanism


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12 OPERATION AND MAINTENACE MANUAL

The requirements for operation and maintenance (O&M) guidelines for primary equipment

are specified in the respective Technical Guideline.

12.1 N – Training The contract shall include a training package for the customer’s:

Operating personnel and dispatchers

Maintenance personnel

Engineers and specialists

The training package shall comprise:

A general introduction

Operation and maintenance

Maintenance and troubleshooting


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13 N - APPENDIX

13.1 N - Appendix 1 Specification of full-scale test to simulate loads from wind, ice and aging on earthing-switch with motor operated mecha-nism

13.1.1 Preconditions A full-scale load test to simulate simultaneous loads is considered approved when the earthing switch successfully completes operation to fully closed position eight times in all three phases in accordance with Table 1. Closed position must also be achieved from the indication device. No sign of permanent damage is allowed after the test. A failed test of an earthing switch shall after repair/reconstruction and a successful subsequent test also be followed by testing another earthing switch in the substation of the same type (model) for the test to be considered approved. The tests in Table 1 shall be carried out on the same earthing switch. It is permitted to perform addi-tional operations during the test but these shall not be included in the test procedure or noted in the test protocol.

Table 1. Number of closing operations

100 % motor voltage 85% motor voltage

Test 1, wind direction 90° 2 operations 2 operations

Test 2, wind direction 180° 2 operations 2 operations

Loads are simulated with weights simultaneously attached on all three earthing switch arms as specified below. The weight mv represents the wind load (at 20 mm ice) and mi represents the mass of the ice (20 mm ice). The weights are specified for type equipment at 245 kV and 420 kV respectively according to Table 2.

Table 2. Type of weights for tests

mv (wind load) mi (ice load)

Rated voltage 245 kV 4.0 kg 3.5 kg

Rated voltage 420 kV 5.5 kg 5.0 kg

13.1.2 Test procedure The weight m i shall be positioned in the middle on all three arms of the earthing switch, see Figure 1, they shall also be kept in position during all operations in both Test 1 and Test 2.

Mi

Figure 1. Positioning of the weight mi in the middle of the earthing switch arm


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The weight mv shall be connected via a pulley and cord at the outer end of the earthing switch arm as described below.

13.1.3 Test 1: Simulation of wind is 90° against direction of arm motion In this test the weight mv shall be attached so that the arm is loaded perpendicularly against the direction of motion and the maximal load occurs just before the moving contact meets the fixed contact. Figure 2ab shows how the test shall be performed on a single phase. Note that this shall be done simultaneously on all three phases. The positions marked in Figure 2ab may be explained as follows: 1. The position in which the earthing switch is fully open and the arm is completely lowered. 2. The arm has moved half way between open and closed position. 3. The moving contact has entered the fixed contact and the earthing switch is in its fully closed position It is not allowed to attach load on two phases by mechanically fixing them to each other for instance by using a dynamometer.


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mvmv

mv

mv

2

33

1

2 a) 2 b)

Figure 2a: Earthing switch seen in the arm´s Figure 2b: Earthing switch seen from direction of motion (load attached 90°) above (load attached 90°

13.1.4 Test 2: Simulation of wind is 180° in direction of arm motion In this test the weight mv shall be attached so it loads the arm in the direction of arm motion and in addition that the maximal load occurs just before the moving contact meets the fixed contact. Figure 3 shows how the test shall be performed on a single phase. Note that this shall be done simultane-ously on all three phases. The positions marked in figure 3 may be explained as follows: 1. The position when the earthing switch is fully open and the arm is completely lowered. 2. The arm has moved half way between open and closed position and the angle to fully open position is about 60°. 3. The moving contact has entered the fixed contact and the earthing switch is in closed position In this test, the cord that holds the weight mv shall be slack in position 1. To prevent harmful jerks when the load is ap-plied, dampers may be used. After 60° no damping may occur and the cord must be fully stretched all the way between positions 2 and 3.


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2

3

60°

mi

3

2

1

mv

mv

mv

Figure 3. Earthing switch seen from the side (load attached 180°)

Documentation

Approved full scale load test shall be documented in the test protocol, see next page.


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TEST PROTOCOL

FULL SCALE LOAD TEST OF EARTHING SWITCH

Substation name Object ID Test date (yyyy-mm-dd)

Manufacturer

Type designation of earthing switch

Rated voltage

Serial no. of earthing switch

Type designation of mechanism

Rated motor voltage (DC)

Motor voltage 100% Motor voltage 85%

Attached weight mv (Kg)

Attached weight mi (Kg)

(permanent mounted during test)

Test 1, wind direction 90°

No. of performed operations (min 2) No. of performed operations (min 2)

Test 2, wind direction 180°

No. of performed operations (min 2) No. of performed operations (min 2)

The earthing switch has satisfied the requirements of the full scale load test

Notes

Contractor Tester


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13.2 N – Appendix 2 Lighting Artificial lighting shall be dimensioned without consideration for daylight and/or snow.

The spread of light beyond the installations shall be minimised.

The control gear for lighting shall satisfy the temperature interval for the actual installa-

tion. Unless otherwise specified, the lighting shall withstand temperatures of

- 400C to +350C. For indoor lighting, see TR01-21.

13.2.1 Outdoor lighting

Lighting shall be installed along entry roads and at any parking areas. It shall be possible

to activate the lighting from the Swedish Power Grid’s dispatch centre, from pushbuttons

placed one metre inside the main gate, and at all gates and from the control building. It

shall be possible to switch the road and switchyard lighting on and off separately. The

lighting shall not be affected in the event of intrusion.

The lighting installations shall be designed according to SS-EN 12464-2:2007. A mainte-

nance factor (MF) of 0.8 is to be used.

Table 13.1 below shows the requirements for some specific areas (0.8 m above the final

ground level unless otherwise specified in the tender document). For other areas, the val-

ues specified in Table 5.11 in SS-EN 12464-2:2007 apply.

Table 13.1 Outdoor lighting requirements

Place Protection class of

floodlight fittings

(IP)

Minimum mean

lighting intensity

(LUX)

Comments

Transformer / reactor

bay

65 100 GRL<45

U0>0.4

Substation roads 65 20 GRL<55

U0>0.25

At ground level

Parking, roads to and

from the substation

65 20 At ground level


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There must be sufficient lighting to allow normal maintenance and operational activities.

The colour rendering index (Ra) shall not be below 20.

The colours of the artificial light must not affect the ability to see signals, signs or high-vis-

ibility clothing. If the Ra index is low, use local flowed light with a better Ra index.

The light source efficiency shall be >40 lm/W.

Fittings shall be equipped with light sources with a maximum outage of 5% after 10,000

hours. Outage of a light source shall not damage or in any other way affect the ballast or

other equipment in a fitting.

It shall be possible to repair and maintain all fittings as non-electrical works, while the

whole station is energized i.e. without coming into contact or in vicinity zone of Dv, (Dv is

given in IEC 61936-1.)

For high-elevated installations, stares or climbing pegs with fall protection shall be used,

and a suitable platform shall be installed if several fittings are to be accessed. Floodlights

shall be installed at a height of up to 12.5 m.

Lamps power supplied from a local source shall be installed on emergency switches so that

it is easy to locate these in the event of a total power outage. For information about emer-

gency alarms, see TR02-08-4 Section 2.3 Emergency alarm.

The minimum safety distance between a fitting and maintenance worker for replacing

bulbs or repair or maintenance of fittings shall be at least N+2000 according to SS-EN

61936-1. The N values are shown in Table 5.3 in TR01-01.

Substations - svk.se · SS-EN ISO 10684 Fasteners-Hot-dip galvanised coatings SS-EN 10250-4 Open...

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