Sustainable town: fact & fiction

Christian CAYE, Sustainable Development Officer – Citizen Act – Feb. 2012 Maxime TROCMÉ, Environmental & Scientific Officer

VINCI, town stakeholder

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Did you know...?

Urban area / world area

Urban population / total population

Urban energy consumption

Urban CO2 emissions

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2%

50%

75%

80%

A changing world

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Watch the video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_m9J1NTc0M

What will the towns of the future look like?

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New towns, or towns created “ex nihilo”

Fortified towns

Shrinking towns

Growing towns

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THE DIFFERENT TERRITORIAL SCALES

THE DISTRICT Pooled means Diverse activities Optimisation of roads and utilities

THE TOWN Territorial appeal Social and cultural cohesion Optimisation of resources

CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT

THE “BUILDING” Affordable construction Control of impacts Local participation

THE USER Customs and behaviour

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A town: a complex object

1/ A town is a place that concentrates and redistributes flows of: People

Goods and services

Energy, water, food, waste, biodiversity, …

2/ Town life only exists through its ties with the outside world:

Appeal,

Connectivity,

Global trade

3/ A town needs “urban seeds” and “hotspots”: Stations, airports, subway stations, etc. are undeniably hotspots

A stadium, a hospital, a shopping centre and a university are partial hotspots.

You can have seeds without mobility…

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Practical example: the Stade de France before & after

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Sustainable town: new urban parameters

Introduce demographic, energetic and climatic issues in a town’s production function, without harming social and heritage issues.

Look at towns in a different way, LCA, know what you’re talking about (measure), associate players in the value chain as far upstream as possible.

Prepare towns’ transition: towns are moving!

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Towns are moving

Stabilisation of greenhouse gases at 450 ppm Optimistic scenario

No stabilisation of greenhouse gases Pessimistic scenario

Eco-stadium in NICE

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Towns are taking action

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Source: www.cdproject.net

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London’s action plan

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The London example: cut CO2 emissions from 45 to 18 million tonnes

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The Stockholm example

Objective: limit emissions to 4 tonnes per inhabitant and reduce them by 60 to 80% by 2050

3-part action plan: actions underway, actions planned and actions still to plan For each action, calculation of the impact in terms of reducing greenhouse gases and in environmental, cost and social terms

Example: Promote cycling by 2030-2050 Reduction in CO2: 2,900 tonnes a year, Cost: 2.3 million euros a year through the creation of cycle lanes; Positive social impact: employment and accessibility

Example: Change people’s habits in some districts Benefits in terms of buildings’ energy efficiency (new: -50% in energy consumption, old: - 20%); Reduction in CO2: 9,000 tonnes; Cost: 50 million euros,

Example: Promote clean vehicles in the city’s fleet Reduction in CO2: 480,000 tonnes a year, Cost: 550,000 euros/year, Employment: job creations measured each year

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The most common solutions for Infrastructure/ Buildings / Usage

1. Based on the 10 following eco-districts: Bedzed, Vauban, Kronsberg, Bo01, Vesterbrö,Hammarby-Sjöstad, theatre district, Vikki, Fornebu, Augustenborg

Infra-structure

Rainwater collection

Recycling

Cogeneration

Wind power

Biogas production

Geothermal energy

Soil decontamination

Biological sewerage plant

Soil seepage strengthened

Aspect Solutions implemented

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# eco-districts concerned Illustrations

Pneumatic waste collector and recycling system - Bo01 - Sweden

Buildings

Solar energy

Thermal insulation rule

Sustainable materials

Building authorisations

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Usage Limiting of water and energy consumption

Local activities

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Roofs with solar panels Bo01 - Sweden

Green roofs Bedzed – United Kingdom

Assessing solutions: eco-design

Analysis of a building’s life cycle: assessment of the building’s environmental impacts from its construction through to its demolition

Standardised method (ISO 14 040)

(XP P01-20-3)

LCA as a tool to assist decision-making

Six indicators are used Primary energy consumption Greenhouse gas emissions Water consumption Waste production Depletion of natural resources Impacts on human health

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LCA = Life Cycle Analysis The 4 phases of a life cycle:

Construction Operational phase Renovation Demolition

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Meudon la Forêt urban study

Inner suburb of Paris, close to a major motorway (A86) and shopping centre (Vélizy 2)

Context: in 2009, the town council decided to implement an urban study and asked 3 mixed teams to increase the density of an existing district, to imagine an eco-district with a specified programme

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Meudon la Forêt urban study: increase the town’s density

District LCA: Meudon-la-Forêt project - Buildings and public spaces

- Dividing up into office / housing / other zones and characterisation of public spaces

Radar profile comparing the performances of regulatory improvements versus the performances of the eco-district project

The environmental footprint is lower

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District LCA: Meudon-la-Forêt project

Environmental dashboard

Environmental impacts / m²

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Comparison of urban forms

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Comparison of urban forms

LCA results, impacts per inhabitant

Change in performance due to architecture alone!

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Comparison of urban forms

Urban spread -> transport Get the town’s stakeholders to work together New arbitrage

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Intersectoral eco-design

ECO-TECHNOLOGIES: HABITAT COLONNE (column housing) process

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The USER’s influence on the environmental balance

The appeal of reconciling eco-design and the monitoring of usage

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Accompanying users

Rome – work by the MIT SENSEable Lab

Using real-time data to make infrastructures more efficient

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What about banks in all this?

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Supply a product at an acceptable price Substantial needs, but public finance resources are

limited find formulae where towns can finance themselves through the private sector

Need for financial engineering to finance energy savings

Taking new issues into account in an investment decision Green value of property complexes Put a price on the environment (anticipate the carbon

tax, take externalities into account, etc.)

Know what you’re talking about ParisTech Chair in “Eco-design of buildings and infrastructure”

in partnership with VINCI

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  Make new guidelines and tools emerge to help eco-urbanism

  Introduce a culture of innovation in the environment in our businesses through research and collaboration

  Train new generations of engineers in eco-design

Involving value-chain partners

La Fabrique de la Cité

Imagining today the town of tomorrow

Current work:

Looking for Legacy: for a sustainable impact of major sports infrastructure From acceptability to adherence regarding urban projects The impact of the new energy paradigm on towns

www.lafabriquedelacite.com

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Involving value-chain partners

Any questions?

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