Subordinating remaining phrases
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Transcript of Subordinating remaining phrases
Subordinating Remaining Phrases
Ephesians 2:1-3
The following slide has our passage of Ephesians 2:1-3
And you were dead
in the trespasses and sins
2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience
3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
Now we will begin the process of subordinating
● The first step is to identify all the types of phrases. Identifying all the phrases will help us find the main
subject and verb. Refer to your cheat sheet if need be
And you were dead (conjunction)
in the trespasses and sins (prepositional)
2 in which you once walked, (prepositional)
following the course of this world, (participial)
following the prince of the power of the air, (participial)
the spirit that is now at work (unmarked)
in the sons of disobedience (prepositional)
3 among whom we all once lived (prepositional)
in the passions of our flesh, (prepositional)
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, (participial)
and were by nature children of wrath, (conjunction)
like the rest of mankind (unmarked)
Now we will begin the process of subordinating
● The first step is to identify all the types of phrases. Identifying all the phrases will help us find the main
subject and verb. Refer to your cheat sheet if need be
● Notice that most of the phrases are participial and prepositional. This will work to our advantage, as
we have learned that the main verb cannot be a participle
Now we will begin the process of subordinating
● The first step is to identify all the types of phrases. Identifying all the phrases will help us find the main
subject and verb. Refer to your cheat sheet if need be
● Notice that most of the phrases are participial and prepositional. This will work to our advantage, as
we have learned that the main verb cannot be a participle
● Now let’s work on finding the main verb. We can automatically eliminate all the participial and
prepositional phrases
Now we will begin the process of subordinating
● The first step is to identify all the types of phrases. Identifying all the phrases will help us find the main
subject and verb. Refer to your cheat sheet if need be
● Notice that most of the phrases are participial and prepositional. This will work to our advantage, as
we have learned that the main verb cannot be a participle
● Now let’s work on finding the main verb. We can automatically eliminate all the participial and
prepositional phrases
● This leaves only the unmarked and conjunctional phrases, four phrases in total
And you were dead (conjunction)
in the trespasses and sins (prepositional)
2 in which you once walked, (prepositional)
following the course of this world, (participial)
following the prince of the power of the air, (participial)
the spirit that is now at work (unmarked)
in the sons of disobedience (prepositional)
3 among whom we all once lived (prepositional)
in the passions of our flesh, (prepositional)
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, (participial)
and were by nature children of wrath, (conjunction)
like the rest of mankind (unmarked)
Now we will begin the process of subordinating
● The first step is to identify all the types of phrases. Identifying all the phrases will help us find the main
subject and verb. Refer to your cheat sheet if need be
● Notice that most of the phrases are participial and prepositional. This will work to our advantage, as
we have learned that the main verb cannot be a participle
● Now let’s work on finding the main verb. We can automatically eliminate all the participial and
prepositional phrases
● This leaves only the unmarked and conjunctional phrases, four phrases in total
● The very last phrase, ‘like the rest of mankind’ does not have a verb. Therefore, we can automatically
eliminate that, leaving only three other phrases to examine
And you were dead (conjunction)
in the trespasses and sins (prepositional)
2 in which you once walked, (prepositional)
following the course of this world, (participial)
following the prince of the power of the air, (participial)
the spirit that is now at work (appositional)
in the sons of disobedience (prepositional)
3 among whom we all once lived (prepositional)
in the passions of our flesh, (prepositional)
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, (participial)
and were by nature children of wrath, (conjunction)
like the rest of mankind (unmarked)
Now we will begin the process of subordinating
● The first step is to identify all the types of phrases. Identifying all the phrases will help us find the main
subject and verb. Refer to your cheat sheet if need be
● Notice that most of the phrases are participial and prepositional. This will work to our advantage, as
we have learned that the main verb cannot be a participle
● Now let’s work on finding the main verb. We can automatically eliminate all the participial and
prepositional phrases
● This leaves only the unmarked and conjunctional phrases, four phrases in total
● The very last phrase, ‘like the rest of mankind’ does not have a verb. Therefore, we can automatically
eliminate that, leaving only three other phrases to examine
● The other three phrases do have verbs so we must look at them to see if they qualify to be the main
verb(s) of our passage
The first phrase, ‘And you were dead’ qualifies as it has a finite verb (dead with the helping verb)
● The first phrase, ‘And you were dead’ qualifies as it has a finite verb (dead with the helping verb)
● The second phrase, ‘the spirit that is now at work’ is actually a relative phrase within an unmarked
phrase. The verb would be ‘is at work.’ The subject can be tricky because the two phrases have been
left together. Had we split it into two pieces the subject would have actually been ‘that.’ This doesn’t
seem to fit the pattern for a main verb, so we can safely eliminate this phrase
And you were dead (conjunction)
in the trespasses and sins (prepositional)
2 in which you once walked, (prepositional)
following the course of this world, (participial)
following the prince of the power of the air, (participial)
the spirit that is now at work (unmarked)
in the sons of disobedience (prepositional)
3 among whom we all once lived (prepositional)
in the passions of our flesh, (prepositional)
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, (participial)
and were by nature children of wrath, (conjunction)
like the rest of mankind (unmarked)
● The first phrase, ‘And you were dead’ qualifies as it has a finite verb (dead with the helping verb)
● The second phrase, ‘the spirit that is now at work’ is actually a relative phrase within an unmarked
phrase. The verb would be ‘is at work.’ The subject can be tricky because the two phrases have been
left together. Had we split it into two pieces the subject would have actually been ‘that.’ This doesn’t
seem to fit the pattern for a main verb, so we can safely eliminate this phrase
● The third and final phrase, ‘and were by nature children of wrath’ does contain a finite verb and should
be considered
● The first phrase, ‘And you were dead’ qualifies as it has a finite verb (dead with the helping verb)
● The second phrase, ‘the spirit that is now at work’ is actually a relative phrase within an unmarked
phrase. The verb would be ‘is at work.’ The subject can be tricky because the two phrases have been
left together. Had we split it into two pieces the subject would have actually been ‘that.’ This doesn’t
seem to fit the pattern for a main verb, so we can safely eliminate this phrase
● The third and final phrase, ‘and were by nature children of wrath’ does contain a finite verb and should
be considered
● There is one thing that we can do to determine if this phrase qualifies. This is where our observation
step will come into play. The phrase actually follows on the heels of a participial phrase, completing
the thought of it. The context also tells us that this phrase is actually in the middle of a thought.
Therefore, we can eliminate this phrase, as well
And you were dead (conjunction)
in the trespasses and sins (prepositional)
2 in which you once walked, (prepositional)
following the course of this world, (participial)
following the prince of the power of the air, (participial)
the spirit that is now at work (unmarked)
in the sons of disobedience (prepositional)
3 among whom we all once lived (prepositional)
in the passions of our flesh, (prepositional)
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, (participial)
and were by nature children of wrath, (conjunction)
like the rest of mankind (unmarked)
● The first phrase, ‘And you were dead’ qualifies as it has a finite verb (dead with the helping verb)
● The second phrase, ‘the spirit that is now at work’ is actually a relative phrase within an unmarked
phrase. The verb would be ‘is at work.’ The subject can be tricky because the two phrases have been
left together. Had we split it into two pieces the subject would have actually been ‘that.’ This doesn’t
seem to fit the pattern for a main verb, so we can safely eliminate this phrase
● The third and final phrase, ‘and were by nature children of wrath’ does contain a finite verb and should
be considered
● There is one thing that we can do to determine if this phrase qualifies. This is where our observation
step will come into play. The phrase actually follows on the heels of a participial phrase, completing
the thought of it. The context also tells us that this phrase is actually in the middle of a thought.
Therefore, we can eliminate this phrase, as well
● This leaves our very first phrase, ‘And you were dead’ as our main phrase. Everything else will
somehow modify this phrase. Now we can begin the process of subordinating our other phrases
When subordinating phrases we will be indenting the phrase underneath the word it is modifying. In this
way we will be able to see the text flows and the points that author is trying to make. Let’s begin!
When subordinating phrases we will be indenting the phrase underneath the word it is modifying. In this
way we will be able to see the text flows and the points that author is trying to make. Let’s begin!
We must begin to ask the 5wh questions in order to determine how the other phrases are subordinate
When subordinating phrases we will be indenting the phrase underneath the word it is modifying. In this
way we will be able to see the text flows and the points that author is trying to make. Let’s begin!
We must begin to ask the 5wh questions in order to determine how the other phrases are subordinate
Let’s try the first phrase
And you were dead
in the trespasses and sins
2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience
3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
● We want to know which word(s) the phrase, ‘in the trespasses and sins’ is modifying
● We want to know which word(s) the phrase, ‘in the trespasses and sins’ is modifying
● Prepositional phrases often act as an adjective, describing which one or what kind. They can also
function adverbially, that is, they can modify a verb or tell us where something takes place
● We want to know which word(s) the phrase, ‘in the trespasses and sins’ is modifying
● Prepositional phrases often act as an adjective, describing which one or what kind. They can also
function adverbially, that is, they can modify a verb or tell us where something takes place
● We then ask, “which one or what kind are we in trespasses and sins?”
● We want to know which word(s) the phrase, ‘in the trespasses and sins’ is modifying
● Prepositional phrases often act as an adjective, describing which one or what kind. They can also
function adverbially, that is, they can modify a verb or tell us where something takes place
● We then ask, “which one or what kind are we in trespasses and sins?”
● This phrase doesn’t seem to be acting like an adjective, so we will try to ask “where or how are we in
trespasses and sins?”
● We want to know which word(s) the phrase, ‘in the trespasses and sins’ is modifying
● Prepositional phrases often act as an adjective, describing which one or what kind. They can also
function adverbially, that is, they can modify a verb or tell us where something takes place
● We then ask, “which one or what kind are we in trespasses and sins?”
● This phrase doesn’t seem to be acting like an adjective, so we will try to ask “where or how are we in
trespasses and sins?”
● This question seems to fit well. It answers the ‘where’ question by telling us that unbelievers are
dead in the location of their trespasses and sins
● We want to know which word(s) the phrase, ‘in the trespasses and sins’ is modifying
● Prepositional phrases often act as an adjective, describing which one or what kind. They can also
function adverbially, that is, they can modify a verb or tell us where something takes place
● We then ask, “which one or what kind are we in trespasses and sins?”
● This phrase doesn’t seem to be acting like an adjective, so we will try to ask “where or how are we in
trespasses and sins?”
● This question seems to fit well. It answers the ‘how’ question by telling us that unbelievers are dead
in their trespasses and sins
● We then simply indent the phrase underneath the word ‘dead’ to show that it is being modified by
this phrase
And you were dead
in the trespasses and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
A quick note:
Be aware that several phrases can modify a single phrase. There is a way to test this and we will cover it
in another video. For now, just understand that sometimes all phrases are not necessarily subordinate to
their following phrases
If you remember our lesson on splitting the passage into propositions you may remember when we talked
about lists
If you remember our lesson on splitting the passage into propositions you may remember when we talked
about lists
We have a list present in this first subordinate phrase so we want to show that by spacing out the first
word in the list and indenting any other items in the list underneath the first word
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
If you remember our lesson on splitting the passage into propositions you may remember when we talked
about lists
We have a list present in this first subordinate phrase so we want to show that by spacing out the first
word in the list and indenting any other items in the list underneath the first word
Of course, this is not an absolute necessity. But it is a good practice to break off all lists. Many times they
yield interesting things
If you remember our lesson on splitting the passage into propositions you may remember when we talked
about lists
We have a list present in this first subordinate phrase so we want to show that by spacing out the first
word in the list and indenting any other items in the list underneath the first word
Of course, this is not an absolute necessity. But it is a good practice to break off all lists. Many times they
yield interesting things
Now we will continue with each phrase in this way until we have completed our entire text flow diagram
If you remember our lesson on splitting the passage into propositions you may remember when we talked
about lists
We have a list present in this first subordinate phrase so we want to show that by spacing out the first
word in the list and indenting any other items in the list underneath the first word
Of course, this is not an absolute necessity. But it is a good practice to break off all lists. Many times they
yield interesting things
Now we will continue with each phrase in this way until we have completed our entire text flow diagram
Advance through each slide to see how I have chosen to subordinate. If you have questions feel free to
use the ‘Q & A’ option under the slide controls. I will answer your questions as soon as I can
If you remember our lesson on splitting the passage into propositions you may remember when we talked
about lists
We have a list present in this first subordinate phrase so we want to show that by spacing out the first
word in the list and indenting any other items in the list underneath the first word
Of course, this is not an absolute necessity. But it is a good practice to break off all lists. Many times they
yield interesting things
Now we will continue with each phrase in this way until we have completed our entire text flow diagram
Advance through each slide to see how I have chosen to subordinate. If you have questions feel free to
use the ‘Q & A’ option under the slide controls. I will answer your questions as soon as I can
Eventually, you will run out of room in the margin. I will demonstrate how to deal with this as you advance
through the slides
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3 among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3
among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
This is where we will run out of room in the margins. To rectify the situation we indent the following phrase
only partway across the page. We then draw an arrow to the word that is being modified and continue to
subordinate as usual
This is where we will run out of room in the margins. To rectify the situation we indent the following phrase
only partway across the page. We then draw an arrow to the word that is being modified and continue to
subordinate as usual
If you find that this does not work well try setting your margins to 0.5.” If this still does not work simply
subordinate the phrase underneath the modified phrase instead of the word
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3
among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
This is where we will run out of room in the margins. To rectify the situation we indent the following phrase
only partway across the page. We then draw an arrow to the word that is being modified and continue to
subordinate as usual
If you find that this does not work well try setting your margins to 0.5.” If this still does not work simply
subordinate the phrase underneath the modified phrase instead of the word
Now that we have drawn our arrow to the modified word we can continue as usual
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3
among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3
among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body
and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3
among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body
and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
And you were dead
in the trespasses
and sins 2 in which you once walked,
following the course of this world,
following the prince of the power of the air,
the spirit that is now at work
in the sons of disobedience 3
among whom we all once lived
in the passions of our flesh,
carrying out the desires of the body
and the mind,
and were by nature children of wrath,
like the rest of mankind
How did you do? Don’t worry if you didn’t get exactly what I got
How did you do? Don’t worry if you didn’t get exactly what I got
Sometimes words can seem to modify several words. For example, you may have noticed that I indented
‘carrying out the desires’ underneath of the word ‘passions’
How did you do? Don’t worry if you didn’t get exactly what I got
Sometimes words can seem to modify several words. For example, you may have noticed that I indented
‘carrying out the desires’ underneath of the word ‘passions’
Does it modify ‘passions’ or ‘flesh?’
How did you do? Don’t worry if you didn’t get exactly what I got
Sometimes words can seem to modify several words. For example, you may have noticed that I indented
‘carrying out the desires’ underneath of the word ‘passions’
Does it modify ‘passions’ or ‘flesh?’
I chose to indent under ‘passions’ because the genitive phrase, ‘of the flesh’ is really modifying ‘passions,’ as
well. But it would not necessarily be wrong to indent underneath ‘flesh’
How did you do? Don’t worry if you didn’t get exactly what I got
Sometimes words can seem to modify several words. For example, you may have noticed that I indented
‘carrying out the desires’ underneath of the word ‘passions’
Does it modify ‘passions’ or ‘flesh?’
I chose to indent under ‘passions’ because the genitive phrase, ‘of the flesh’ is really modifying ‘passions,’ as
well. But it would not necessarily be wrong to indent underneath ‘flesh’
Many times you will have to make subjective decisions like this. The best thing to do is to continue asking
questions about the text itself and then make a guess based on the context
How did you do? Don’t worry if you didn’t get exactly what I got
Sometimes words can seem to modify several words. For example, you may have noticed that I indented
‘carrying out the desires’ underneath of the word ‘passions’
Does it modify ‘passions’ or ‘flesh?’
I chose to indent under ‘passions’ because the genitive phrase, ‘of the flesh’ is really modifying ‘passions,’ as
well. But it would not necessarily be wrong to indent underneath ‘flesh’
Many times you will have to make subjective decisions like this. The best thing to do is to continue asking
questions about the text itself and then make a guess based on the context
Just remember to continue practicing. It will take time to absorb all that we’ve gone over so far, so don’t be
too discouraged
End video