Submission to the will of AllahSubmission to the will of Allah

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.

Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

The Prophetic TraditionThe Prophetic Tradition

Adam

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Jesus

Muhammad

Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610

622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death

The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God

114 suras (chapters)

Written in Arabic

The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam

1. The Shahada: Declaration of Faith

2. The Salat: Mandatory Prayers

3. The Zakat: Almsgiving

4. The Sawm: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan

5. The Hajj: The Pilgrimage to Mecca

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in

Jerusalem

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in

Jerusalem

Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Other Islamic Religious Practices

Other Islamic Religious Practices

Up to four wives allowed at once

No alcohol or pork

No gambling

Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living

Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims and why is there animosity between these two sects of Islam?

Dispute over successionDispute over succession• When Muhammad died, he did not, at least in

public, name an heir….• So, Muhammad’s father-in-law took over and

held the new Muslim “empire” together as the first Caliph (or successor).

• Soon, by the time of the third Caliph a dispute began over who should rightfully become the Caliph, leader of Islam.

• Uthman, the third caliph was assassinated.– The Shia believe that the heir should be a family

member.– The Sunni believe that the heir should be selected by

the previous caliph.

The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice

No priesthood

Teaches equality among men

“Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.

Jihad (“struggle”) against pagans and other non-believers

Internal and External

Expansion of IslamExpansion of Islam• Mecca and Medina and the rapid spread of Islam• Battle of Constantinople (the gateway to Europe) 717

– Greek Fire• Tours and the croissant 732 • Numidians (the civilization that caused problems for the

Carthaginians) = Moors

Many North Africans welcomed the Muslims because the tax they had to pay for their freedom was less than the tribute paid to Constantinople. However, many individuals (according to accounts) did resist and were slaughtered for their efforts.

Muslims in the World TodayMuslims in the World Today

Countries with the Largest Muslim

Population

Countries with the Largest Muslim

Population1. Indonesia 183,000,00

06. Iran 62,000,000

2. Pakistan 134,000,000

7. Egypt 59,000,000

3. India 121,000,000

8. Nigeria 53,000,000

4. Bangladesh

114,000,000

9. Algeria 31,000,000

5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000* Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the

world.